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Opinions of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Accelerating the Development of Modern Circulation Industry

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Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Accelerating

Some opinions on the development of modern circulation industry

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People’s governments at the local level and listed, people’s governments of counties (cities, districts), departments and institutions directly under the provincial government:

  Circulation industry is the basic and leading industry of national economy. Accelerating the development of modern circulation industry is an important strategic measure to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode and improve the quality and efficiency of economic development, and an important way to further expand domestic demand and promote endogenous economic growth. In order to implement the Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Circulation System and Accelerating the Development of Circulation Industry (Guo Fa [2012] No.39) and accelerate the construction of a strong circulation province, we hereby put forward the following opinions on accelerating the development of modern circulation industry in our province:

  I. Guiding ideology and main objectives

  (1) Guiding ideology.Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, closely centering on the core task of accelerating transformation and upgrading and building a happy Guangdong, we should adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, adhere to the basic orientation of ensuring supply, stabilizing prices and benefiting people’s livelihood, adhere to the combination of giving full play to the role of market players and strengthening government guidance, paying attention to the combination of service production and service life, and combining technological innovation with institutional innovation, and strive to optimize the development environment, reform the circulation system, innovate the circulation format, reduce circulation costs and improve circulation efficiency.

  (2) Main objectives.By 2015, the development of modern circulation industry in our province will achieve the following goals:

  1. Industrial transformation and upgrading has been significantly accelerated.Basically, a modern circulation system with urban-rural integration, regional coordination, internal and external interaction, safety and efficiency, and a high degree of organization and intensification has been built. The added value of the circulation industry in the province has reached 1.2 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 18% of GDP;

  2. The level of circulation informatization has been significantly improved.Remarkable progress has been made in promoting the modernization of circulation through informationization, the popularization and application level of e-commerce has been significantly improved, and new breakthroughs have been made in the development of a new generation of e-commerce. The transaction volume of e-commerce has reached 3.2 trillion yuan, of which online retail sales account for more than 10% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods;

  3. The level of coordinated development with the manufacturing industry has been significantly improved.The development level of the logistics industry has been significantly improved, and a major breakthrough has been made in the coordinated development of the circulation industry and the manufacturing industry. The ratio of total logistics expenses to GDP in the whole society has dropped significantly;

  4. Industrial competitiveness has been significantly improved.We have cultivated a number of modern logistics leading enterprises with integrated supply chain management, a number of well-known e-commerce benchmarking enterprises, trading platforms and industrial clusters at home and abroad, a number of international procurement and distribution centers serving the whole country and radiating the whole world, and a number of leading chain enterprises with large scale, strong core competitiveness and driving ability, which have obviously improved the degree of industrial organization and scale, among which the sales of chain enterprises in the whole society account for about 46% of the total retail sales of consumer goods;

  5. The market order has obviously improved.The social credit system and market supervision system are more perfect, and the rule of law and international business environment are basically formed.

  By 2020, a modern circulation system that is unified, open, competitive, orderly, safe and efficient, and integrated with urban and rural areas will be basically established, the informationization level of the circulation industry will be greatly improved, the industrial competitiveness will reach the world advanced level, and a strong circulation province will be basically built.

  Second, focus on building an international modern logistics center that is misplaced with Hong Kong and Macao.

  (3) Building and improving modern logistics infrastructure.Strengthen the construction of key nodes such as railways, highways, waterways and aviation, improve the transportation system, and create an efficient, convenient and seamless logistics infrastructure network and modern transportation system. Around airports, seaports and railway hubs, a number of hub-type bonded logistics bases will be built. Encourage the planning and construction of a number of modern logistics parks integrating warehousing and distribution, vehicle dispatching, information trading and financial services in various industrial parks, industrial clusters and transportation hubs. Relying on central cities and large commodity distribution centers, we will build a number of multi-functional, high-level, strong distribution capacity and wide radiation range regional logistics centers.

  (4) Accelerate the development of third-party logistics enterprises.Support private capital to invest in logistics industry. Encourage existing transportation, warehousing, freight forwarding, combined transport and express delivery enterprises to integrate functions and extend services, and accelerate the transformation to modern logistics enterprises. Support large-scale logistics enterprises to accelerate development and growth through mergers and acquisitions, asset restructuring, listing, etc., strengthen corporate brand building and enhance competitiveness. Encourage leading enterprises to explore domestic and foreign markets, and support qualified enterprises to develop into multinational companies with global operation networks.

  (V) Promote the development of comprehensive logistics services that support the integrated management of the whole supply chain.Taking the whole supply chain integration management as the main direction, we will support logistics enterprises to improve their supply chain integration ability by effective means, speed up the innovation of logistics operation mode, improve their network and integrated service ability, provide manufacturing enterprises with integrated services of raw material procurement, just-in-time production, inventory control, warehousing management, distribution processing, distribution, distribution and recycling, and accelerate the construction of Guangdong into a supply chain management center in the Asia-Pacific region. Implement the demonstration project of coordinated development of logistics industry and manufacturing industry, and strengthen the coordinated development of logistics industry and commerce industry.

  (6) Improve the level of specialized logistics services.Encourage the Pearl River Delta region and other regional central cities and professional towns to build modern urban professional logistics centers with reasonable scale, standardized operation and perfect facilities according to the needs of industrial layout and industry development. Accelerate the logistics support of specialized markets, develop the cold chain logistics of agricultural products and food circulation, and support the construction and expansion of a number of modern cold storage. Encourage the development of industrial waste logistics and special commodity logistics, advocate the development of green logistics, and actively support the cyclic transportation mode.

  (7) Promote the construction of smart logistics.Integrate the resources of regional logistics information platform, speed up the establishment of southern modern logistics public information platform, and build a number of industrial logistics professional public information platforms that provide full supply chain services. Encourage R&D and integrated innovation of related information technologies, and accelerate the application of technologies such as Internet of Things, Internet, cloud computing, global positioning system, geographic information system, and electronic tags in the field of logistics. Support the standardization construction of information, service and management of logistics enterprises, speed up the standardization transformation of existing storage, transshipment facilities and transportation tools, adopt standardized logistics equipment, and speed up the establishment of modern logistics systems such as digitalization, networking, intelligence, integration, speediness and visualization.

  Third, focus on building an international e-commerce center in the Pearl River Delta

  (8) Promote Guangdong enterprises, Guangdong commodities and Guangdong-style services to accelerate the application of e-commerce.We will continue to do a good job in "online shopping for goods in Guangzhou", vigorously promote the docking between enterprises and e-commerce platforms, enhance the transaction scale and influence of e-commerce platforms, and increase the market share of goods in Guangzhou. Encourage the development of online trading markets, online stores, online commerce and other e-commerce models, vigorously develop mobile e-commerce, and standardize the development of online group buying business. Support large enterprises to speed up the use of e-commerce to transform the supply chain process, support small and medium-sized enterprises to use third-party e-commerce platforms to expand the market, and support online direct sales of manufacturing enterprises and large commercial and foreign trade enterprises to achieve online and offline integrated development. Encourage the development of e-commerce of fresh agricultural products, support the construction of "central kitchen" and develop "online vegetable market". Guide e-commerce to expand into logistics, exhibition, tourism, culture, education, medical care, agriculture, digital publishing, service trade, community service and other fields.

  (nine) to create a number of internationally influential e-commerce platforms.Accelerate the development and expansion of a number of professional electronic trading platforms in the fields of electronic products, household appliances, ceramics, clothing, furniture, lighting, leather goods, hotel supplies, etc., and focus on the construction of the e-commerce platform of Guangdong Commodity International Procurement Center. Encourage large Internet and e-commerce enterprises to accelerate their development through mergers, reorganizations and strategic cooperation, and build a number of benchmark e-commerce platforms with large scale, diversification, strong service capabilities and core competitiveness. Support and standardize the development of electronic trading platforms for bulk commodities such as steel, coal, plastics, petroleum, minerals and grain, and enhance the right to speak on bulk commodity prices in our province.

  (ten) the implementation of e-commerce demonstration project.Support the construction of a number of e-commerce pioneer parks and build small and medium-sized e-commerce business incubators. Promote e-commerce enterprises to gather in various science and technology parks and industrial parks, build e-commerce industrial bases (parks), and support e-commerce industrial bases (parks) to create national e-commerce demonstration bases. Support Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shantou and other cities to create national e-commerce demonstration cities. Carry out the establishment of provincial-level e-commerce demonstration bases and demonstration cities, and lead the province to make new breakthroughs in e-commerce development.

  (eleven) improve the support system for the development of e-commerce.Formulate e-commerce development plans and standards, strengthen e-commerce legislation and speed up the construction of urban network infrastructure. Vigorously develop electronic certification services, create a credible e-commerce credit and certification platform, and promote the mutual recognition of digital certificates in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao as soon as possible. Standardize the development of electronic payment, encourage the construction of online payment platform, and actively develop mobile payment. Accelerate the construction of a modern express delivery and logistics distribution system that is compatible with the development of e-commerce, appropriately relax the traffic routes, time and parking restrictions of urban distribution vehicles, and strive to solve the "last mile" distribution problem.

  Fourth, focus on building an international procurement and distribution center

  (twelve) the construction of specialized international procurement center.Support related enterprises to adopt the combination of entity and virtual, and build a number of professional international procurement centers integrating product display, trading, design, brand marketing, e-commerce, logistics and distribution, relying on the advantageous traditional industries and local characteristic industries in our province. Accelerate the upgrading of large-scale professional wholesale markets, vigorously promote modern trading methods such as entrustment system, auction system, warehouse receipt transaction and online transaction, and build an international trading platform. Strengthen the construction of international logistics distribution system, build various platforms such as finance, design creativity, public information and professional services, and introduce advanced certification management system. Accelerate the construction of a number of international procurement centers with advanced facilities, complete functions, standardized transactions and high brand awareness.

  (thirteen) to build an international convention and exhibition center.Adhere to the principles of marketization, specialization, industrialization, standardization and internationalization, improve exhibition infrastructure and service system, promote resource integration, optimize industrial layout, promote dislocation development, enhance the development level of exhibition industry, and build the Pearl River Delta exhibition industry belt. Learn from the successful experience of developed countries in the exhibition industry, promote the city construction of Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center, and support China Import and Export Fair (Canton Fair) to maintain its leading position in the world. Improve laws and regulations, increase policy support, strengthen intellectual property protection, and cultivate a number of exhibition brands, leading enterprise groups and internationally renowned professional exhibitions. Innovate the way of holding exhibitions, actively promote the integration of exhibitions and the real economy, encourage the development model of "base+exhibition+transaction" and "one industry, one exhibition and one network", and create a number of professional exhibitions with strong professionalism.

  (fourteen) planning and construction of import commodity trading center.Encourage enterprises to strengthen strategic cooperation with manufacturing enterprises and suppliers outside the country (territory) and actively strive for the agency distribution right of imported goods. Support enterprises to build trading centers for imported commodities such as bulk commodities, advanced equipment and key parts, energy, raw materials, and high-end consumer goods that are in short supply in China, and build a number of integrated platforms of "international procurement-import-distribution agents" to provide comprehensive services such as exhibition, import, financing, procurement agents, e-commerce, logistics and distribution.

  Five, focus on the construction of regional urban and rural integration of modern circulation network

  (fifteen) to strengthen the planning and construction of commercial outlets.According to the needs of the development and construction of commercial outlets, the planning of commercial outlets should be scientifically compiled and incorporated into the overall urban planning and land use planning. Scientifically build the core business districts of large and medium-sized cities, and actively build the Pearl River Delta international high-end consumer circle with Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the core. Reasonable layout and construction of regional commercial service centers to meet the diversified consumption needs of regional residents. Strengthen the planning and construction of commercial supporting facilities in new residential areas, vigorously develop community commercial service outlets, and promote convenient consumption into communities and convenient services into families. Accelerate the establishment of a multi-level commercial service network with the core business district of the city as the leader, the regional commercial service center as the backbone and the community commercial service outlets as the foundation.

  (sixteen) vigorously develop chain operation.Support large chain enterprises to grow and develop through franchising and mergers and acquisitions, and encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to organize themselves through voluntary chains and take the road of intensive development. Encourage chain enterprises to rely on the advantages of physical network, vigorously develop new formats such as online shopping, mail order and TV shopping, develop commodity distribution services, and realize the integrated development of multiple formats. Support chain enterprises to improve the standardization, informationization and standardization of their management, expand their business networks across regions, and vigorously explore second-and third-tier cities and rural markets. Promote retail enterprises to change their marketing methods and increase the proportion of self-operated goods.

  (seventeen) improve the rural modern circulation network.Support the development of a number of large-scale agricultural products trading centers in the main producing areas or distribution centers, promote the normalization and institutionalization of agricultural supermarkets, agricultural approvals, agricultural meals and agricultural schools, and promote direct purchase and direct sales of agricultural products. Support leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization and farmers’ professional cooperatives to develop integrated business of deep processing, sales and logistics distribution of agricultural products, and promote seasonal production, annual consumption, regional production and global consumption of local agricultural products. We will increase support for the construction of the "Thousands of Villages and Thousands of Townships" market project, support contractors to upgrade their management technology, strengthen the construction of distribution centers, strengthen service guidance and unified distribution, carry out the purchase, processing and sales of agricultural products, and actively bring all kinds of small and medium-sized commercial outlets in rural areas into large-scale, standardized and intensive circulation channels. Support "farm shops" to expand their service functions, carry out the collection and payment of water, electricity, gas and communication fees, postal services, express delivery, maintenance, housekeeping, waste recycling and other services for the convenience and benefit of the people, and give full play to the "multi-purpose" role of the "ten thousand villages and thousands of townships" market project in promoting the two-way circulation of industrial products to the countryside and agricultural products to the city, and facilitating the convenience and benefit of the people.

  Six, focus on optimizing the circulation market development environment.

  (eighteen) standardize the market order.We will carry out the special action of "three strikes and two constructions" in depth, speed up the establishment and improvement of the social credit system and the credit rating system for various market players, and improve the credit information sharing, disclosure and trustworthiness incentives, and disciplinary punishment for dishonesty. Support professional markets, industrial parks, leading enterprises and other market entities to explore the establishment of a market-oriented credit management system. We will improve market supervision laws and regulations, vigorously promote modern supervision modes such as online supervision, traceability supervision and credit supervision, and focus on strengthening supervision of key industries and emerging fields such as agricultural products, food and medicine, and e-commerce. We will continue to carry out activities such as "Publicity Month for Prospering Business with Honesty", "No Fakes in 100,000 Stores", "Sticking to Contracts and Paying Attention to Credit Publicity" and "Commitment to Genuine Goods".

  (nineteen) the establishment of a unified open market.Accelerate the elimination of regional blockades and industrial monopolies, support chain enterprises to operate all kinds of franchised goods, carry out telephone and bus card recharge, collect and remit water, electricity and gas fees, and various convenience services such as postal service, purchasing, washing and maintenance. Local governments and departments shall not interfere with the unified procurement of chain enterprise headquarters and cross-regional distribution of non-prescription drugs, salt, tobacco, meat and other commodities, and shall not hinder or restrict foreign goods, services and operators from entering the local market. Encourage private capital to enter the circulation field, guide private capital to enter the refined oil market in an orderly manner, support the development of financial leasing, expand the auction business field, and standardize the development of pawn business. Actively apply for the national comprehensive pilot of modern circulation, and accelerate the construction of large circulation and large market.

  (twenty) to improve the ability of market security.Support the construction and transformation of a number of agricultural products wholesale markets, farmers’ markets, vegetable markets, community vegetable shops, agricultural and sideline products cheap shops, important commodity storage facilities, large-scale logistics distribution centers, agricultural products cold chain logistics facilities, etc. Improve the important commodity reserve system, optimize the reserve varieties and regional structure, and appropriately expand the reserve scale of daily necessities such as meat, sugar and small packaged grain and oil. Strengthen the construction of key enterprises in market emergency regulation and control, and improve the ability of rapid distribution of emergency commodities.

  (twenty-one) vigorously cultivate the consumer market.Implement the national policy of encouraging consumption of energy-saving products, improve supporting measures, expand the scope of subsidized products, and raise subsidy standards. Implement the demonstration project of promoting and applying new energy vehicles in Guangdong Province, and improve the subsidy policy to encourage private people to buy new energy vehicles. Do everything possible to promote employment, encourage entrepreneurship, increase the income of urban and rural residents, further improve the social security system, and support the development of credit consumption.

  VII. Strengthening policy support

  (twenty-two) to strengthen land security.Improve the allocation of community commercial outlets, and the proportion of newly built community commercial and comprehensive service facilities to the total construction area of the community shall not be less than 10%; Strictly supervise the use of community commercial outlets, and shall not arbitrarily change the use and nature of necessary commercial outlets, and ensure that their basic service functions are not missing during demolition and reconstruction. Encourage the use of old factories, idle warehouses and other construction in line with the planning of circulation facilities. After the government recovers the original state-owned construction land use right, it can arrange land for the original land use right holder by agreement transfer. Support the legal use of rural collective land to develop modern circulation industry. Formulate a catalogue of circulation facilities encouraged by the government, and support the land for projects included in the catalogue. Strengthen the management of land use in circulation industry according to law, and prohibit the occupation of land in the name of logistics centers and commodity distribution centers to prevent land from being idle and wasted.

  (twenty-three) increase financial support.The provincial finance integrates the existing special funds to support market development, modern service industry and circulation service, and supports the development of modern circulation industry. Support the circulation industry to establish enterprise technology centers and engineering centers, build collaborative innovation centers with universities, and give certain financial support to those who meet the requirements. We will give strong support to the application of advanced technology and advanced special technology and equipment in circulation enterprises into the special technical transformation project. Encourage circulation enterprises to strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction through contract energy management and other modes, and give corresponding financial rewards to those whose annual energy savings reach a certain scale. Encourage qualified modern circulation enterprises to apply for various special funds to support the development of strategic emerging industries, information services and small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage all localities to further increase financial support for the development of modern circulation industry according to actual conditions.

  (twenty-four) to strengthen financial services.We will fully implement the Decision of the Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government on Several Issues Concerning Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Strong Financial Province, vigorously develop various financial institutions such as introducing funds, trusts, finance companies, financial leasing, consumer finance, insurance and credit guarantee, actively develop small and medium-sized enterprise credit loans guarantee insurance, and accelerate the improvement of the investment and financing service system. Encourage banking financial institutions to innovate financial products and services according to the development characteristics of the circulation industry, and carry out pledge financing such as movable property, warehouse receipts, store management rights and lease rights. Improve credit management and develop financial leasing, business circle financing, supply chain financing, commercial factoring and other businesses. Support qualified key circulation enterprises to go public and issue corporate bonds, and expand the scale of direct financing. Implement the cooperation agreement signed by the provincial government and relevant banks, and guide more credit funds to invest in the circulation field. Encourage the optimization of the rate structure of bank card swiping, and reduce the fee rate of consumer swiping in commercial, catering and other industries.

  (twenty-five) the implementation of preferential tax policies.We will fully implement the state’s policies on exempting agricultural products wholesale markets and farmers’ markets from urban land use tax and property tax within a certain period of time, extending the policy of exempting vegetable circulation from value-added tax to qualified fresh agricultural products, giving preferential treatment to the value-added tax in the recycling of renewable resources, and developing the general branches of chain enterprises across regions to collect taxes. Support qualified enterprises to declare high-tech circulation enterprises and enjoy relevant tax incentives. The R&D expenses incurred by circulation enterprises in developing new technologies and processes such as e-commerce platforms and information systems can enjoy relevant preferential treatment according to the Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Printing and Distributing the Pre-tax Measures for Enterprise R&D Expenses (Trial) (Guo Shui Fa [2008] No.116).

  (twenty-six) reduce circulation costs.Pay close attention to the introduction of a comprehensive implementation plan to reduce circulation costs. Strictly implement the national and provincial regulations on reducing and exempting administrative fees related to enterprises, and standardize various administrative charge standards. Comprehensively clean up the charges of road and waterway transportation industry, further promote the special cleaning of toll roads, resolutely ban all kinds of illegal and unreasonable charges, and accelerate the cancellation of ordinary highway toll stations and the "one network" charges of expressways. In view of the road traffic of international standard containers, large-tonnage trucks and vehicles with recommended models, we will study and introduce preferential policies. Accelerate the establishment of a linkage mechanism between freight rates and oil prices in the road freight industry. Conscientiously implement the "green channel" policy for the transportation of fresh agricultural products, and ensure that all vehicles legally loaded with fresh agricultural products are exempt from vehicle tolls. Effectively regulate the charging behavior in the circulation field, such as market charges for agricultural products and transaction charges for retailers and suppliers. As soon as possible, we will implement the policy of the same price for electricity and water consumption in circulation enterprises and general industries.

  (twenty-seven) to strengthen foreign cooperation.Fully implement CEPA and its supplementary agreement, and accelerate the cooperation of circulation industry in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Further improve the quality and level of foreign capital utilization in the circulation industry, actively introduce well-known circulation enterprises at home and abroad, and attract multinational companies to set up headquarters, regional headquarters, commodity procurement centers and distribution centers in Guangdong. Support enterprises in our province to carry out various forms of joint ventures and cooperation with large circulation enterprises at home and abroad, and promote enterprise restructuring, transformation and business innovation. Encourage powerful enterprises to "go global" and actively participate in international market competition. Deepen the reform of port management system, improve the construction of electronic ports and improve customs clearance efficiency.

  VIII. Safeguard measures

  (twenty-eight) to strengthen organizational leadership.The province has established an overall coordination mechanism for the development of modern circulation industry led by the leaders in charge of the provincial government, with the participation of the provincial development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Department of Finance, the Department of Human Resources and Social Security, the Department of Land and Resources, the Department of Transportation, the Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Bureau of Statistics and other relevant departments, to coordinate and solve the overall, key and cross-sectoral and cross-regional major problems in the development of modern circulation industry in the province. All localities should establish and improve relevant working mechanisms in light of actual conditions, and strengthen coordinated leadership over the development of modern circulation industry.

  (twenty-nine) improve policies and regulations.In accordance with the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Guangdong Province on Cleaning up the Regulations and Normative Documents in the Circulation Field (Guangdong Office Letter No.687 [2012]), the Provincial Development and Reform Commission will take the lead in conducting a comprehensive inspection and cleaning up of the policies and regulations related to the circulation industry in our province in conjunction with the provincial Legislative Affairs Office, the Economic and Information Commission and other relevant departments, and timely revise or abolish the document provisions that are incompatible with the development of modern circulation industry. All relevant departments should combine their own functions and pay close attention to formulating specific implementation opinions for implementing various support policies. All localities should pay close attention to formulating supporting policies to support the development of modern circulation industry in light of actual conditions.

  (30) Strengthen talent support.Establish and improve the mechanism of joint training of circulation professionals by universities, research institutes, departments and industrial enterprises, and train circulation professionals through multiple channels. Implement the employee training system established by enterprises according to law, extract and use vocational training funds according to state regulations, actively carry out vocational education and training, and improve the quality of training circulation professionals. Support e-commerce, modern logistics and other large-scale circulation enterprises to vigorously introduce outstanding talents at home and abroad. Qualified talents can enjoy preferential policies in residence, entry and exit, settlement, children’s nursery school and housing.

  (31) Accelerate the development of social organizations.Fully implement the Plan of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government of Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Cultivating, Developing and Regulating the Management of Social Organizations (Guangdong Committee [2012] No.7) and support the development of "multi-industry". Strengthen policy guidance and financial support, accelerate the development of social organizations in the circulation field and intermediary service institutions such as technology, energy conservation, information and consulting, and strengthen the capacity building of social organizations in the circulation field. Strengthen the transfer of government functions, implement the system of government purchasing services, establish a decision-making consultation mechanism, and give full play to the important role of social organizations, especially trade associations, in accelerating the development of modern circulation industry.

  (thirty-two) to strengthen statistical monitoring.The Provincial Economic and Information Technology Commission shall, jointly with the Provincial Bureau of Statistics and relevant industry associations, speed up the research and formulation of the statistical index system of circulation industry in our province, actively carry out relevant statistical investigations, establish statistical databases, and timely and accurately reflect the development of modern circulation industry in our province. Accelerate the transformation of statistical monitoring information results, strengthen the monitoring and analysis of economic operation, improve the ability of early warning and regulation, and regularly carry out research and evaluation on the competitiveness of circulation industry in the whole province and cities.

  (thirty-three) to strengthen publicity and guidance.We should make full use of newspapers, television, internet and other media to widely publicize the outstanding role of modern circulation industry in accelerating transformation and upgrading and building a happy Guangdong, and strengthen the overall publicity and promotion of Guangdong circulation brands. All localities and relevant departments should sum up the advanced practices and successful experiences of promoting the development of modern circulation industry in a timely manner, give play to the role of typical demonstration and lead the whole society to pay more attention to the development of modern circulation industry.

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                             people’s government of guangdong province

                             November 30, 2012

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Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: All real-name registration system telephones will be shut down before the end of 2016.

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  Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, on November 4th, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Implementation Opinions on Further Preventing and Combating Communication Information Fraud. The "Implementation Opinions" pointed out that all basic telecommunications enterprises should speed up the registration of old users without real names, and the real name rate will reach 100% by the end of 2016. If the registration is not completed within the specified time, it will be stopped.

  Details of the Implementation Opinions are as follows.

  First, strictly and quickly implement the telephone user real-name registration system

  (a) to speed up the completion of the registration of user identity information without real name telephone stock.All basic telecommunications enterprises should speed up the registration of unnamed old users, and the real-name rate will reach 100% by the end of 2016. All mobile resale enterprises should pay a return visit to all users in paragraphs 170 and 171 and confirm their identity information, and re-register users who have not registered or have incorrect registration information. By the end of 2016, the real-name rate will reach 100%. If the registration is not completed within the specified time, it will be stopped.

  (two) strictly do a good job in the real-name registration of new telephone users.All basic telecom enterprises and mobile resale enterprises should take effective management and technical measures to ensure that the registration information of telephone users is true, accurate and traceable. When going through the network access procedures for new users, it is necessary to strictly implement the responsibility of checking the user’s identity documents, take measures such as second-generation ID card identification equipment and online verification to verify the user’s identity information, and take photos of the users on the spot and keep them. When developing new users through network channels, we should adopt online video authentication and other technical methods to verify user identity information.

  (3) Strictly limit one card to multiple cards.Before the end of 2016, all basic telecom enterprises and mobile resale enterprises should fully complete the cleaning of users with one card and multiple cards, and re-verify the user identity information of the existing users who have handled more than five mobile phone cards nationwide. If the number of mobile phone cards used by the same user in the same basic telecommunications enterprise or the same mobile resale enterprise nationwide reaches 5, it shall be handled in accordance with the relevant requirements of Article 4 of the Notice on Preventing and Combating Telecommunication Network Fraud Crimes issued by six ministries and commissions.

  (4) Strengthen the management of real-name registration of industry cards.First, all basic telecom enterprises and mobile resale enterprises should re-verify the real-name registration of industry cards that have been used online, and re-register users who have not registered or have incorrect registration information. By the end of 2016, the real-name rate will reach 100%. Second, for those who newly handle the use of industry cards, it is necessary to strictly examine the qualifications of industry users, the functions, quantity and business volume of the required industry cards, screen voice and SMS functions according to the principle of "minimum functions", and make full use of technical means to strictly limit and bind the use scope (including accessible IP addresses, ports, call and SMS numbers, etc.) and use scenarios (such as one-to-one correspondence between equipment IMEI and number card IMSI) of the industry cards. Third, in principle, the newly-added industry card must use a 13-digit special number segment and carry related services through a special network. Under special circumstances, if it is necessary to use an 11-digit number segment and enable unlimited voice functions, it must be registered according to the real name of public mobile phone users. Fourth, according to the principle of "who issues the card, who is responsible", all basic telecommunications enterprises and mobile resale enterprises should strengthen the monitoring and control of the use of industry cards, and strictly prohibit secondary sales and illegal use of industry cards. If effective monitoring and control measures are not taken, resulting in the reselling of industry cards or being used by non-industry users, the responsibilities of relevant enterprises and responsible persons shall be strictly investigated.

  (5) Strictly implement the requirements for the management of real-name telephone system in agency channels.All basic telecom enterprises and mobile resale enterprises should further strictly enforce the access of agency channels, strengthen the qualification examination of agents, and strictly prohibit the agency channels from entrusting subordinate agents without authorization. Establish an accountability system for violations of telephone access and real-name registration in the entrusted agency channel. All basic telecommunications enterprise groups should sign a letter of commitment on telephone real-name registration system, and all enterprises should establish an internal accountability mechanism. Once the agency channels that violate the rules such as non-registration, false registration, batch card opening and "card maintenance" are found, their agency qualifications will be cancelled immediately, and they will be included in the blacklist of entrusted agency channels, and the responsibilities of relevant departments and responsible persons of provincial companies of related basic telecommunications enterprises will be strictly investigated. All communication administrations should organize telecom enterprises to improve the blacklist system of entrusted agency channels before the end of November 2016. For blacklisted channels and individuals, telecom enterprises shall not entrust them to handle telephone access and real-name registration procedures.

  Two, vigorously rectify and standardize key telecommunications services.

  (six) to carry out a comprehensive inventory of users to clean up.Before the end of November, 2016, all basic telecommunications enterprises should fully complete the investigation and cleaning of key telecommunications services such as voice lines and "400", "No.1" and "business switchboard". If the subject information is not registered, falsely registered, the registered information is incomplete, the use is not registered, or the actual use is inconsistent with the registered use, the qualifications are inconsistent, or there are other irregularities in business operation and use, and the use is abnormal, users should be urged to rectify within a time limit. If the problem is serious, they refuse to rectify or fail to rectify as required, they will be banned according to law. Before the end of November 2016, all basic telecommunications enterprises should report the above-mentioned key telecommunications services to the Ministry and the local communications administration in writing.

  (seven) strictly strengthen the audit and management of new users.First, strictly apply for the subject qualification. The bidding subjects for voice private lines and key telecommunications services such as "400", "No.1" and "business switchboard" must be unit users, and it is strictly forbidden to develop individual users. The second is to strictly handle channels. Users must apply for the above-mentioned key telecommunications services in the basic telecommunications enterprise’s own physical channels, and the basic telecommunications enterprise shall bear the management responsibility, and it is strictly forbidden to handle them through agency channels or network channels. The third is strict qualification verification. The applicant shall provide the valid certificate of the company (business license for enterprise users, organization code certificate for government departments, institutions and social organizations), the valid identity certificate of the legal representative, and the valid identity certificate of the applicant. In case of applying for resources to operate telecommunications business, the corresponding telecommunications business license shall be provided at the same time. Basic telecommunications enterprises should strictly verify, register and retain the above license information and business purposes. The fourth is to strictly apply for the number. The same user applies for key service numbers such as "400", "No.1 communication" and "business switchboard" in the same basic telecommunications enterprise nationwide, and each category shall not exceed 5 in principle. The fifth is strict account management. All basic telecommunications enterprise groups and provincial companies should establish unified accounts of the above-mentioned key telecommunications services before the end of 2016, and dynamically update their management.Ensure that the regulatory authorities can inquire about the registration, use status and business change records of users at any time according to law.

  (eight) strictly strengthen the management of outbound business.First, strict outbound approval. Users who apply for outgoing calls of "400" and "business switchboard" and carry out outgoing calls by renting voice private lines with short numbers such as 95 and 96 must be strictly examined and approved by the provincial-level and above companies of basic telecommunications enterprises, and bear the management responsibility. The business contract must clearly indicate the allowed outgoing call number or segment, the purpose, time period and frequency of outgoing calls. The new "No.1 call" is prohibited. The second is to establish a white list system for outgoing calls. The above-mentioned key telecom service numbers allowed by basic telecom enterprises must be the numbers or number segments actually opened by this network and assigned by this enterprise, and be uniformly included in the white list management, and all outgoing numbers outside the white list will be intercepted. When relaying outgoing calls through this network, it is strictly forbidden to use the fixed and mobile user numbers or "400" service numbers of other networks.

  (9) Strengthen the responsibility constraint of business contracts.All basic telecommunications enterprises should further strengthen the contract constraints of the above-mentioned key telecommunications services, refine the liability clauses, and clearly stipulate that if they find fraudulent or forged ID cards, illegal use, illegal outgoing calls, abnormal call frequency, use beyond the agreed purpose, sublet and resell, be notified by the public security organs, and users complain a lot about the above issues, they will all terminate their service access after verification and confirmation. Before the end of 2016, all basic telecommunications enterprises should sign relevant liability clauses with existing users.

  (ten) to establish and improve the dynamic review mechanism of business use.Before the end of 2016, all basic telecommunications enterprises should take necessary management and technical measures, establish systems such as random dialing, on-site random inspection and annual review of user qualifications, and strengthen the dynamic management of the use of key telecommunications services. If illegal use is found, it shall be severely dealt with according to relevant management norms and business agreements, and the communication management department shall be notified to deal with it according to laws and regulations, and the public security organ shall be notified of suspected illegal crimes.

  Third, resolutely rectify the problem of network number change

  (eleven) strictly regulate the number transmission and use management.First, strictly guard against international number change calls. All basic telecommunications enterprises should focus on the management and screening of international incoming calls from areas with high incidence of overseas fraudulent telephone calls, and intercept non-standard international incoming calls such as "+86" and false calling numbers of forged domestic public security inspection laws and convenient telephone calls of party and government departments verified and notified by public security organs in the international communication service import and export bureau. For incoming calls with "universal number", the "universal number" information shall be deleted in the international communication service import and export bureau and the domestic inter-network interconnection gateway bureau. The second is to strictly regulate the transmission of calling numbers. Implement the number transmission industry regulations and relevant industry standards. It is forbidden to illegally transmit a call whose calling number is blank or set the calling number to be disabled. All basic telecommunications enterprises will intercept illegal calls and illegal numbers that do not meet the requirements and standards of number management and interconnection between networks at the gateway office. Strictly manage the call forwarding service function of voice private line, and if it is really necessary to open it, it shall be uniformly audited by the basic telecommunications enterprise group company and a ledger shall be established; All basic telecommunications enterprises should fully complete the investigation and cleaning of the call transfer function of the opened voice private line before the end of November 2016. The third is strict number use management. Number users shall strictly abide by the provisions of number management, use numbers in accordance with the regional, use and bit length format norms approved by the communication management department, and transfer is prohibited. The fourth is to improve the ability to find and dispose of network rebranded telephones.All basic telecommunications enterprises shall, in conjunction with the National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center and other units, carry out research on the detection technology of network rebranded telephones, and further enhance the monitoring, discovery, interception and disposal capabilities of network rebranded telephones.

  (12) Full implementationCaller authentication mechanism for voice private line.Before the end of 2016, the calling authentication ratio of voice private lines of basic telecommunications enterprises will reach 100% according to the specifications, and all calls that are not authenticated according to the specifications will be intercepted. At the same time, establish mechanisms such as authentication log retention and audit in the calling process, and find that all voice private lines that transmit calling numbers that are not agreed in business contracts will be shut down. For private line users who have serious problems such as transferring international calls without permission, providing voice landing for illegal VoIP and changing numbers, subletting and reselling, they should completely terminate their cooperation and report to the communication management department for handling according to laws and regulations.

  (thirteen) the establishment of the network to change the number of calls to check the source and combat mechanism.It is strictly forbidden to operate and operate illegal network number-changing telephones. For users’ reports and network rebranded telephones notified by public security organs, the communication management department organizes basic telecommunications enterprises to jointly check the source of their traffic, and immediately clean up and stop the access of relevant telecommunications lines to units or individuals that provide resources such as telecommunications lines for rebranded calls; Those involved in telecommunications enterprises shall be dealt with according to law, and the management responsibilities of relevant departments and personnel shall be seriously investigated; Notify the public security organ of the suspected illegal crime. All basic telecommunications enterprises should establish and improve the internal quick check mechanism, set up a special person to be responsible for the work docking, and keep signaling data according to the time limit specified by the communication management department. If the basic telecommunications enterprise fails to carry out the backward investigation work due to its own reasons such as the failure to meet the specified signaling retention time limit, it shall be the responsible party for the call source of the number-changed telephone.

  (fourteen) resolutely clean up the online number change software.Before the end of November 2016, relevant Internet companies should thoroughly clean up the information of rebranding software on website pages, search engines, mobile application shopping malls, e-commerce platforms and social platforms through keyword screening, software removal, information deletion and account closure, and cut off the channels for downloading, searching, spreading and selling rebranding software.

  Fourth, constantly improve the ability of technical prevention and strike.

  (fifteen) to complete the construction of enterprise-side technical means.All basic telecommunications enterprises shall, in accordance with the Ministry’s Notice on Further Doing a Good Job in Preventing and Combating Communication Information Fraud (Netan Letter [2015] No.601 of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) and the Technical Capacity Requirements for Basic Telecommunications Enterprises to Prevent and Combat Communication Information Fraud Bad Call Numbers (Netan Letter [2016] No.143 of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), By the end of 2016, two types of technical means, namely, the business management system for preventing and cracking down on communication information fraud and the security prompt service on the user terminal side, will be fully established, and by the end of March 2017, the monitoring and disposal system for bad calling numbers within and between networks will be fully established, and various technical means will be comprehensively used to continuously improve the technical prevention and cracking capability of the enterprise side.

  (16)Further crack down on "pseudo base stations" and "black broadcasting".Local radio regulatory agencies should give full play to their technological advantages, further enhance their technical support capabilities such as monitoring, positioning and approaching search for "pseudo base stations" and "black broadcasts", improve the notification mechanism of major cases with relevant departments such as public security, radio and television, civil aviation, industry and commerce, and actively cooperate with the investigation and crackdown on "pseudo base stations" and "black broadcasts".

  V. Strengthening the protection of personal information of industry users

  (seventeen) strictly protect the personal information of industry users.Telecommunications and Internet enterprises should strictly implement the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Strengthening the Protection of Network Information, the Provisions on the Protection of Personal Information of Telecommunications and Internet Users (Order No.24 of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) and other regulations, strictly manage the internal use of users’ personal information, and take necessary technical safeguard measures for network security. Before the end of November 2016, all basic telecom enterprises, mobile resale enterprises and Internet enterprises should fully complete the self-inspection of users’ personal information protection, focusing on the protection and management of users’ personal information in business halls, agents and other links and the security protection of users’ personal information systems, strengthening internal security audits, and seriously dealing with the problem of illegal sale and disclosure of users’ personal information. The Ministry will conduct spot checks on basic telecommunications enterprises, key mobile resale enterprises and Internet enterprises in combination with the network security protection inspection work in 2016, and severely investigate and expose those who still fail to take measures knowing that there are serious security risks.

  (eighteen) to strengthen the supervision and management of mobile phone application software.Intensify technical inspection, conduct technical inspection on the collection and use of users’ personal information by mobile phone application software according to the working mechanism of "discovery, evidence collection, disposal and exposure", uniformly remove the found illegal application software and publicly expose it, and investigate and punish illegal enterprises according to law.

  Six, strengthen social supervision and publicity and education.

  (x)nine)Strengthen supervision, acceptance and disposal of reports.First, all basic telecommunications enterprises and mobile resale enterprises should further improve the channels and methods for users to report, establish and improve the reward system for reporting, and set up special zones to receive and dispose of reports from users suspected of communication information fraud in a timely manner. Internet society of china should give full play to the role of the 12321 reporting platform and establish multi-channel reporting mechanisms such as telephone, SMS, website and mobile APP. Second, all basic telecom enterprises and mobile resale enterprises should carefully check the user complaints reported by the public security organs and accepted by the 12321 Reporting Center, and make timely rectification and serious accountability for the existing problems.

  (twenty) to strengthen publicity to enhance the user’s ability to prevent.First, all basic telecom enterprises and mobile resale enterprises should make full use of traditional media, new media and short multimedia messages to promptly publicize and remind users of the types and dangers of communication information fraud. Second, all basic telecommunications companies and Internet companies should provide domestic mobile phone users with free call number labeling reminders and risk prevention and control warnings suspected of communication information fraud. The Ministry supports China Information and Communication Research Institute and other third-party units to integrate all kinds of monitoring and reporting resources and mobile phone users’ marking resources to realize resource sharing within the industry.

  Seven, strengthen industry supervision and accountability.

  (21)Strengthen the industry supervision responsibility of the territorial communication management department.First, all communication administrations should promptly supervise and inspect the implementation of the responsibility for preventing and cracking down on communication information fraud in basic telecommunications enterprises under their jurisdiction, and incorporate the inspection results into the information security responsibility assessment of provincial companies of basic telecommunications enterprises, strictly deduct points, and at the same time implement administrative punishment and public exposure according to laws and regulations. Second, all communication administrations should make good use of external supervision, and take measures such as interviewing, ordering rectification, notification and public exposure according to the seriousness of the case for the provincial companies of basic telecommunications enterprises that have been ranked in the top five in the country for three consecutive months or have been notified by the public security organs. Third, the communication administrations should, in accordance with the relevant provisions of Several Provisions on Strengthening the Governance of the Telecommunication Market according to Law (No.453 [2003] of the Ministry of Information), timely reflect and inform the provincial-level companies of basic telecommunications enterprises about the implementation of the responsibility for preventing and cracking down on telecommunication information fraud, as an important basis for the relevant basic telecommunications enterprise group companies to carry out assessment and cadre adjustment for the members of the leading bodies of provincial companies.

  (22)Establish and improve the accountability mechanism of basic telecommunications enterprises.First, all basic telecommunications enterprise groups should improve the internal accountability system, implement the one-vote veto system for preventing and cracking down on communication information fraud, and report the accountability system for preventing and cracking down on communication information fraud to the Ministry for review before the end of December 2016. Announced to the public. Second, basic telecommunications enterprises should strengthen the implementation of the system and sign letters of responsibility at different levels. For those who have not effectively established and implemented the closed-loop system of the management system for preventing and cracking down on business norms, technical prevention, supervision and inspection, assessment and accountability, education and training, and those whose responsibilities are not implemented in place, especially those that lead to major cases, according to the case notification of the public security organs and the responsibility identification opinions of the regulatory authorities, basic telecommunications enterprise groups should seriously deal with the involved branches. Investigate the responsibilities of its main leaders and relevant responsible personnel, and take investigation measures such as notification, interview, demotion and even dismissal for the leaders of relevant departments of provincial companies and group companies. The situation of accountability shall be reported to the Ministry and the relevant communications administration in a timely manner. Third, the basic telecommunications enterprise group companies’ violations of the subordinate institutions are strictly deducted from the internal management assessment of the company.

  (23) Improve mobile resale.Business supervision and illegal exit mechanism.The implementation of real-name registration system’s management requirements in paragraphs 170 and 171, the major cases involved notified by the public security organs, and the outstanding complaints and reports from users are regarded as one-vote veto items for mobile resale enterprises to apply for expanding business scope, increasing code number resources and issuing formal business licenses. For those with serious problems and poor rectification, the acceptance of related applications such as adding code number resources and expanding pilot scope will be suspended, and those with serious problems and repeated education will be disqualified according to law.

  (twenty-four) to increase the punishment of illegal acts of value-added telecommunications business operators and agents.First, the telecommunications operators who violate the laws and regulations shall be notified by the communication management department to the industrial and commercial departments, incorporated into the basic database of enterprise credit information according to law, and announced to the public in a timely manner. Second, the verified illegal value-added telecom enterprises shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification until the relevant telecom business licenses are revoked, and new telecom business licenses shall not be approved within three years in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Telecom Business Licenses and other relevant regulations. Third, the relevant telecom enterprises should cancel the agency qualification of the agents who have been found to have serious violations. The fourth is to increase exposure, and expose illegal business practices to the society regularly or irregularly.

  (twenty-five) the establishment of communication industry to prevent and combat communication information fraud."Blacklist" sharing mechanism.The Ministry entrusted China Information and Communication Research Institute to take the lead in establishing a national shared library for preventing and cracking down on communication information fraud in the communication industry. Enterprises and individuals who are found to be in violation of regulations by relevant departments in preventing and cracking down on communication information fraud are blacklisted, and their business licenses, legal person information, violations, etc. are classified and recorded in detail to realize information sharing in the whole industry. All basic telecommunications enterprises refuse to accept blacklisted users when they apply to become business agents and to use key telecommunications services such as voice lines, "400" and "business switchboard".

  Eight, strengthen the work guarantee of prevention and control.

  (twenty-six) to further strengthen organizational security.All basic telecommunications enterprises, mobile resale enterprises and related internet enterprises should further improve the internal network information security organization system, clarify the responsible departments of the enterprise to prevent and crack down on communication information fraud, and clarify their work organization and implementation and internal supervision and assessment accountability responsibilities. Among them, the basic telecommunications enterprises should further improve the full-time network information security department at the group company level, effectively strengthen organizational leadership, enrich their work force, and strengthen the organizational guarantee of their own work to prevent and crack down on communication information fraud. The National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center, China Information and Communication Research Institute and other units should establish and improve the management support organization system, clarify the corresponding management support departments, fully equip their personnel, further strengthen the technical support and legal policy research capabilities to prevent and combat communication information fraud, and fully support the prevention and management related work.

  (twenty-seven) to further improve the safety system.The basic telecommunications enterprises, mobile resale enterprises and related Internet enterprises should establish a security management system to prevent and crack down on communication information fraud, establish relevant business norms, assessment, rewards and punishments, education and training, security incident reporting and other systems, formulate emergency response plans for major emergencies, and strengthen cooperation with communication management departments and information sharing.

  (twenty-eight) to further strengthen the communication information fraud risk assessment and prevention.All basic telecom enterprises, mobile resale enterprises and related Internet enterprises should reorganize the whole process and whole link security assessment for the stock services that may lead to the risk of communication information fraud, such as "one card with double numbers", "unified communication" and "SMS business hall", and actively eliminate potential security risks; For the new online business, the risk of communication information fraud should be regarded as the key content of security assessment, and all businesses with high security risk of communication information fraud should be prohibited from going online.

  (twenty-nine) to further strengthen the work of information reporting.From the date of the issuance of this opinion, all units shall report the progress, experience, existing problems and relevant suggestions of their own units in preventing and cracking down on communication information fraud to the Office of the Leading Group for Preventing and Cracking down on Communication Information Fraud (Network Security Administration) on the 1st and 15th of each month, and report the major situations in a timely manner.

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Li Keqiang and his wife and daughter often communicate in English. Li Yining said that his thesis can stand the test.

  Doctor of Economics is proficient in law.

  Li Keqiang expressed his respect for the rule of law on different occasions. In his view, to promote reform, we must act in accordance with the law and be good at using the rule of law thinking and the rule of law.

  Li Keqiang is the first prime minister in China who holds the title of "Doctor of Economics".

  Forty years ago, he jumped the queue in Dongling Brigade of Damiao Commune in Fengyang, Anhui, one of the poorest areas in China. Working in the fields during the day and reading at night.

  In 1977, China resumed the college entrance examination, and Li Keqiang was admitted to the Law Department of Peking University, which caused a sensation in Fengyang.

  Peking University cultivates temperament and cultivates study style.

  However, when filling in his volunteers, his first choice was not Peking University.

  Li Keqiang once recalled this incident, saying, "At that time, I was busy with my villagers for survival, and I hardly dared to expect anything. Driven by the interweaving desire for survival and curiosity, I still volunteered to fill in the name of a normal college in this province-it is said that there is no need to pay for studying in a normal college. " "Even so, I still have an irresistible yearning for Peking University." Li Keqiang wrote Peking University in the second volunteer column.

  In the end, "she didn’t care about my almost disrespectful practice and admitted me." Li Keqiang recalled, "I came here to seek not only knowledge, but also to cultivate a temperament and cultivate a style of study."

  When studying in the law department of Peking University, Li Keqiang was a favorite pupil of Gong Xiangrui, a famous constitutional administrative law scholar.

  Under the guidance of Gong Xiangrui, Li Keqiang’s study focus shifted to foreign constitutions and comparative politics.

  As the first translator, he cooperated with others to translate the classic work Justice of Judicial Procedure by Lord Denning, a famous British judge, and studied the system construction of the rule of law in modern society. Thirty years later, this book is still being published.

  Li Keqiang has a good knowledge of English, and he can talk with other countries’ political leaders in fluent English. I often chat in English with my wife and daughter at home.

  In August 2011, during Li Keqiang’s visit to Hong Kong, he gave a speech in Chinese and English alternately at the University of Hong Kong. People in the financial circles in Hong Kong described Li Keqiang as "confident, revealing political wisdom, elegant and capable, resolute and approachable." The Hong Kong media called him "Li Xuanfeng".

  Yang Dunxian, a professor of Peking University Law School who taught in Grade 77, praised 82 law students as "Huangpu Phase I". Yang Dunxian recalled that Li Keqiang often thought about the interaction between legislation and national political system, which impressed him deeply.

  Li Keqiang expressed his respect for the rule of law on different occasions. In his view, to promote reform, we should act in accordance with the law, be good at using the rule of law thinking and methods, standardize the reform procedures, and mature reform experience can be upgraded to regulations and laws according to procedures, and consolidate the reform results with the legal system.

  Doctoral thesis "can stand all kinds of tests"

  Later, during his tenure as secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, Li Keqiang successively studied for a master’s degree and a doctor’s degree in economics from Peking University.

  According to the regulations, as long as more than a dozen people with senior titles participate in the evaluation of doctoral thesis defense. However, Li Keqiang’s mentor, Li Yining, made a list of judges, all of whom were domestic economists.

  Li Yining told Li Keqiang, "What these people value is only the weight of the paper itself, and they don’t care about the surface of the paper or other things that have nothing to do with academics. Doing so is good for you, so that your paper can be truly evaluated and stand all kinds of tests. "

  Because of this list, Li Keqiang revised the paper again and postponed the date of defense for half a year. In the end, his doctoral thesis "On the Three-dimensional Structure of China’s Economy" won the paper award of Sun Zhifang’s Economic Science Award, the highest award in China.

  Nowadays, in the exhibition hall on the second floor of Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, a book entitled "Strategic Choice for Prosperity" is particularly eye-catching. Its author is Li Yining and three disciples, Li Keqiang, Li Yuanchao and Meng Xiaosu. The ideas in the book are gradually becoming a national policy being implemented.

(Source: Beijing News)

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Jurassic World surpassed Avatar at the box office and ranked fourth in film history.

    1905 movie network news On July 6th, the cumulative box office of movies has exceeded 1.38 billion, surpassing 1.378 billion, and it has become the fourth on the mainland single-chip box office list, temporarily behind (hereinafter referred to as "Super 7"), (hereinafter referred to as "Change 4") and (hereinafter referred to as "Reunion 2").

 

    Jurassic World is another blockbuster that Universal Pictures put into the market in 2015 after Super 7. The film once again presented the fantastic dinosaur world in Jurassic Park to the big screen, which aroused Spielberg’s fans’ strong nostalgia and made young audiences experience a brand-new dinosaur adventure.

 

    On June 10th, "Jurassic World" landed in mainland cinemas two days ahead of schedule in North America, earning 8.6 million yuan at zero point, and more than half of the national screening volume on the first day, with a cumulative breakthrough of 110 million, accounting for more than 80% of the national box office on that day. This achievement is second only to the first-day box office of Super 7 and Reunion 2, and it became another blockbuster in 2015, and it was also the last imported film that dominated the movie market before the domestic film scuffle in the summer.

 

    Subsequently, "Jurassic World" also dominated the box office in its first week with more than 600 million yuan, second only to the first week of "Reunion 2" with 1 billion yuan, and dominated the single-day box office charts for eight days until the release of Chinese action movies. Although during the release of "Jurassic World", heavy Chinese films have joined the battle, the fierce Tyrannosaurus Rex still showed amazing fighting power. When the film market was slightly deserted and the release was almost one month, it could guarantee a box office of tens of millions, and the box office in a single day was basically among the top three, which shows its gold-absorbing strength of super blockbusters.

 

    At present, the cumulative box office of "Jurassic World" has successfully surpassed "Avatar" and jumped to the fourth place in the box office list of film history. According to the current movie schedule and movie popularity, if we can make good use of the last five days of the release window, it is not entirely impossible for Jurassic World to surpass 1.48 billion "Reunion 2", and then the lineup of China film history charts will be rewritten.

 

    In North America, the performance of Jurassic World is also very strong, and it has dominated the box office charts for four consecutive weeks since its release. Up to now, the global box office of the film has accumulated 1.385 billion US dollars.

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Is the virus really alive?

Original Gilles Messier Leviathan

? Vox

Leviathan press:

Judging from the short history of human civilization, our knowledge of the virus can be regarded as a very recent thing. But even today, the debate about whether viruses belong to life continues. Not only that, people who know a little about viruses are expected to have extremely complicated feelings about this strange thing that is invisible to the naked eye: although most viruses are friendly, they are always very deadly …

Tell me another funny story.

The picture below is not a virus, but a flagella of bacteria. Yes, as shown in the figure, flagella functions as a propeller of a ship, which can rotate at high speed in the environment, thus pushing the bacteria forward.

If the internal structure of bacteria is enlarged by 50,000 times, it will be found that there is a very complicated system behind its rotation, similar to the engine of a ship, with exquisite machine parts such as rotating shaft and push rod. These components are assembled in an orderly way for the whole function, and each component plays its due functional role. This combination is not a blind random patchwork, but a delicate micro-engineering. Molecular machines, 40 kinds of proteins, plays the role of these components. Some of these molecules get energy from the environment, some are responsible for sensing, and some are responsible for rotation like bearings. Some people think that the operation of this whole system is obviously a highly intelligent and exquisite micro-engineering. It cannot be explained by a simple Darwinian evolutionary mechanism.

Search [Leviathan Song List] in Netease Cloud Music, and don’t get lost.

We have a new number [Leviathan Planet] to watch.

In the past two years, SARS-COV2 virus, better known as COVID-19 (Covid-19), has ravaged the world, causing more than 346 million infections and 5.58 million deaths. Everything is waiting for prosperity, and many countries have closed their borders. Our life has been completely changed. It is really shameful to think that human beings are struggling in the face of this pathogen smaller than most bacteria. What is even more embarrassing is that this pathogen may not even be alive.

Different from other pathogenic factors such as bacteria, protozoa and fungi, viruses are in the fuzzy zone between living and nonliving, and there are different opinions on which side to classify them. This is a heated and long-lasting debate, which leads to a basic question in biology: What is "life"? So, is the virus a life form? Let’s find out!

In order to know whether a virus is a living body, we must first understand what a virus is.

Viral diseases such as smallpox, rabies, polio and influenza have been with us since the birth of mankind, and it is not until recent years that scientists really understand the specific pathogens that cause these diseases. With the continuous development of microbial theory put forward by Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur and others in the mid-19th century, scientists began to find and isolate the pathogens that caused every known disease. This includes tobacco mosaic, a disease that will hinder the growth of tobacco plants and cause their leaves to grow mottled "mosaic" patterns.

In 1892, Russian botanist Dmitri Ivanovsky ground the infected tobacco plants, filtered the juice with a ceramic filter with a pore size too small for bacteria to pass through, and inoculated the filtered juice on the uninfected plants. To his shock, these plants can’t escape the clutches of disease. Ivanovski thought that the disease might be caused by some kind of chemical toxin that can pass through the filter screen, but he didn’t explore the matter further.

Martinus Bayelink (1851-1931). ? Wikimedia Commons

Six years later, the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck repeated the above experiment and confirmed this puzzling result. However, he further expanded the experiment. After infecting one plant, Bayelink smashed its leaves, filtered the juice, and continued to infect the next plant, and so on. He speculated that if the pathogenic factor is a toxin, its infection efficiency will decrease with the further spread between plants, but no matter how many times he spread the disease, the infection efficiency is not less than half a point.

At first, he simply thought that the pathogenic factor was just a surprisingly small bacterium, but no matter how hard he tried, he couldn’t make it grow in the culture medium-this is the standard method for cultivating bacteria in the laboratory. And it is not affected by alcohol, which can kill almost all known bacteria. What is more strange is that this puzzling pathogenic factor seems to grow and reproduce only in the presence of living cells that can divide.

Because it was not clear what the pathogenic factor was, Bayelink named it "contagious living fluid", and later called it "filterable virus", and the word "virus" means toxin in Latin.

In the following decades, scientists used ceramic filters to find more and more viruses. In 1898, they found foot-and-mouth disease virus that caused foot-and-mouth disease, and in 1932, they found yellow fever virus and rabies virus. It was only in 1935 that the first real breakthrough was made in understanding the nature of the virus.

Wendell Stanley (1904-1971) thought that tobacco mosaic virus was a granular substance composed entirely of protein. ? Sutori

At that time, Wendell Stanley, an American chemist, thought that tobacco mosaic virus was a granular substance composed entirely of protein, not the kind of liquid that Bayelink guessed. Stanley even managed to purify the virus particles into needle-like crystals, which can be stored in the laboratory for a long time without affecting the efficacy of infection. As reported by The New York Times in 1940, the discovery caused an uproar in the scientific community:

"Dr. Wendell Stanley of Rockefeller Institute of Medicine made the crystallization of tobacco mosaic virus, which made biologists quarrel as a bee. But it should be. Are these crystals alive? Obviously, it is no more special than diamonds, glass, sand and other familiar crystals. However, if these virus crystals are placed on tobacco leaves, mosaic will spread like a spark, just like being infected by living bacteria. "

Stanley’s discovery won him the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1946, which seems to have sentenced him to death for the "vitality theory" that has prevailed for centuries. This theory holds that an organism contains some important essence or "sacred brilliance", which brings life. In contrast, the biochemical hypothesis holds that life is just a chemical process, and Stanley found that protein particles with inert surfaces can reproduce and spread like living organisms, which seems to confirm this hypothesis.

? PLOS

However, there are still many unsolved mysteries. In the same year that Stanley made his discovery, the invention of the electron microscope made it possible for viruses to be directly observed by human beings for the first time, and also revealed why microbiologists had not found them for so long. The particle diameter of most viruses is about 100 nm, which is 1/100~1/10 of the diameter of bacteria, so it is difficult to observe by ordinary optical microscope. But this can’t explain why an ordinary protein particle can’t grow under laboratory conditions, although it has vitality.

In 1926, Thomas Rivers, an American microbiologist, put forward an explanation when he gave a report at the American Society of Bacteriology:

"The virus seems to be an obligate parasite whose reproduction depends on living cells."

In other words, the virus does not reproduce itself through cell division like bacteria, protozoa, fungi and other microorganisms, but produces more virus particles by hijacking molecular machines of other living cells. But how did the virus accomplish this hijacking?

Facts have proved that the biggest piece of the puzzle is still missing. Wendell Stanley’s follow-up research revealed that tobacco mosaic virus is not only composed of protein, but actually includes ribonucleic acid, that is, RNA. From 1930s to 1940s, there was a great discussion in the scientific community on how to realize intergenerational transmission of genetic characteristics in organisms.

Although the laws of heredity were discovered by Czech priest Gregor Mendel in the 1960s and perfected by American biologists Thomas Hunt Morgan and Hermann Muller in the early 20th century, the specific molecules that encode and transmit specific genetic information have not been unveiled.

Some scientists speculate that RNA and its brother DNA may be genetic material, but most people think that the genetic material is more likely to be protein, because the latter has a more complex structure, so it can store more genetic information. Viruses play an important role in determining which hypothesis is correct.

In 1953, Martha Cowles Chase (left) and Alfred hershey. ? PaulingBlog/Karl Maramorosch

In 1952, American bacteriologists Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase Chase carried out a series of experiments with ——T2 phage, a virus that can infect Escherichia coli, which is now considered as a classic. Scientists at that time knew that the virus would inject a part of its own substance into the host cell and leave the rest outside the body.

But the question is: Is the injected part nucleic acid or protein?

To find out, hershey and Chase labeled a cell culture medium with radioactive sulfur, which made only protein in this batch of viruses have radioactive labels. Another batch of viruses were cultured in the presence of radioactive phosphorus, which made only the nucleic acid part of these viruses labeled. The two batches of viruses were then infected with unlabeled Escherichia coli respectively. The researchers used centrifuges to centrifuge the subsequent culture solution to separate the infected bacteria and the discarded noncoding part of the virus.

When two scientists detected the radioactivity of infected cells, they found that the bacteria in the experimental group with phosphorus labeled were radioactive, while the experimental group with sulfur labeled was not radioactive. This also confirmed that the virus injected nucleic acid into bacteria instead of protein. Later, scientists such as Rosalind Franklin, James Watson and Francis Crick explained the structure and function of DNA and RNA, thus opening a genetic revolution that still affects the world today.

Computer simulation diagram of the structure of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). ? Janet Iwasa/University of Utah

Today, people know that all viruses consist of two basic parts: a sequence similar to DNA or RNA, and a protein shell or capsid-or as the British biologist Sir Peter Medawar succinctly described:

"(Virus) is a bad piece of information wrapped in protein."

The shape and size of the virus are ever-changing, from porcine circovirus with a diameter of about 27 nm to pithovirus with a length of about 1.5 μm; From long tubular tobacco mosaic virus to spherical coronavirus. In addition to the protein shell, many viruses also contain lipid envelopes obtained from host cells. The life cycle of viruses begins at the moment when they enter the host cell and contact with its cell membrane. If a cell is susceptible to the virus, the virus will adhere to its surface and inject genetic material and some enzymes into the cytoplasm of the cell like a micro-syringe, leaving its capsid.

Once in the cell, the genetic material of the virus begins to show its evil fangs, hijack the metabolic mechanism of the cell, and transform it from an independent organism into a small biological factory with only one purpose: to produce more virus particles. Viruses accomplish this hijacking process in several different ways.

Animation demonstration of fusion mode between coronavirus and cells. ? Janet Iwasa/University of Utah

For DNA virus, its genetic material will replace the cell’s own DNA, and use the cell’s own enzyme to transcribe the invading genome into messenger RNA, that is, mRNA. The mRNA is then read by organelles called ribosomes, which use the read genetic instructions to assemble amino acids into protein. Ribosomes no longer produce the conventional protein used to maintain the normal operation of cells and become the "initiator" of new viruses. RNA viruses, on the other hand, contain mRNA that can be directly read by ribosomes, and can completely skip the step of DNA transcription.

In addition, there is a retrovirus with more subtle genetic skills. Retroviruses, including HIV, contain a special enzyme-reverse transcriptase, which can integrate the virus RNA into the host cell’s own DNA. This embedded virus genome is called protovirus, which can sleep in the host genome for a long time, avoid the monitoring of the immune system, and spread between cells with cell division and reproduction unnoticed. They can also be activated spontaneously, causing cells to start producing viruses again. This makes people helpless about retrovirus infection.

Rash is a common symptom of HIV infection. ? WebMD

However, the importance of retrovirus to human beings far exceeds the impact of diseases caused. In the long evolutionary history of mankind, fully 8% of human genes were obtained from protoviruses. Obviously, these gene hitchhikers have had an important and noticeable impact on the development of life on earth.

( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7093845/)

Once the new virus particles are assembled, they must then leave the host cell. Many viruses that infect bacteria or other single-celled organisms will accomplish this goal through the lysis cycle. In this process, the cell membrane will rupture or dissolve, the host cell will die and release a new generation of virus into the environment.

However, if the virus kills the cell it meets, it will quickly lead to the death of the host and the virus living in it, so most viruses will leave the cell by exocytosis or "budding" and pass through it without destroying the cell membrane. However, in any way, it will eventually lead to the same goal: the newly assembled virus is released into the environment, gearing up to infect new cells and start the process again.

﹡﹡﹡

Now that we know what viruses are and how they reproduce, let’s go back to the original question: Are viruses really alive?

Like many questions in biology, the answer to this question depends on how to define life accurately. Biologists have not reached a consensus on what they actually study, which is unique in the whole scientific community. At first glance, the question of whether something has life seems very intuitive.

However, throughout the long history, even the greatest scientists and philosophers can’t give a rigorous and verifiable definition of life. The consensus we can reach can basically be condensed into "seeing is believing". However, the lack of this definition does not prevent biologists from continuing their research work, and the discussion on the definition for many years has only remained philosophical curiosity. However, when people began to explore the universe and look for life on other planets, "what is life?" The problem suddenly becomes important.

? Baamboozle

For many years, various scientists have been trying to draw a list of unique properties of life. The following is one of the reports from NASA website:

"[Life] has the ability to obtain energy from the environment and convert it into its own growth and reproduction. Life tends to be homeostatic: it can achieve a balance in many elements that define its internal environment. Living things can respond (to the environment) and produce actions similar to reactions through stimulation, such as retraction and even more advanced forms such as learning. Life is reproductive, because of the mutation of population and natural selection, the evolution of life needs a certain degree of replication. In order to survive and develop, living things need to become’ consumers’ first, so as to exchange biomass, create new individuals and excrete waste. "

However, many nonliving systems also exhibit many of the above properties. For example, crystals can spontaneously assemble into amazing complex and orderly shapes, replicate themselves, transfer the same internal structure between crystals, and even move in response to external stimuli. Similarly, a black stone can also convert solar energy into heat energy, and convert it into kinetic energy by heating the surrounding air. At the same time, radioactive components in it will spontaneously convert nuclear energy into heat energy.

Horta, who lives on rocks in Star Trek. ? Tumblr

The above definition becomes even more vulnerable when applied to the biological world. For example, prion is the pathogenic factor of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (the disease is better known as mad cow disease)-it is even simpler than ordinary virus, consisting only of a misfolded protein and does not contain any genetic material. However, prions can mutate, spread and reproduce among species-although not through genetic information, but through causing the wrong folding of adjacent proteins to trigger a fatal chain reaction.

Erwin Schr?dinger (1887-1961). ? Times Literary Supplement

The Austrian physicist Erwin Schr?dinger, who is famous for putting imaginary cats into imaginary boxes, put forward a set of unique properties of more complex life forms. After he published in 1944, what is life? 》(What is Life? ), Schrodinger said:

"Organisms have an amazing gift of self-control of the’ order flow’, so they can avoid the decay of atoms into chaos."

In other words, life seems to violate the second law of thermodynamics, which holds that in a closed system, entropy-defined in different ways as disordered state or energy that cannot be used for useful work-is always increasing. In the face of disorderly natural forces, organisms not only managed to maintain a high degree of internal order and complexity, but also maintained this order for generations without losing fidelity.

Ebola virus. ? National Human Genome Research Institute

Of course, living things do not really violate the second law, because they are not closed systems. They are semi-closed systems. On the one hand, they are closed enough to maintain internal order, and on the other hand, they are open enough to ensure that the increase of internal order will be offset by the decrease of external order-for example, by discharging excess heat (to reduce the internal entropy of living organisms and increase the environmental entropy). However, these observations lead Schrodinger to speculate that the semi-closed structure is very critical for the realization of life functions.

More importantly, he further speculated that in order to accurately pass on their internal structure and complexity to future generations, living beings need to build some form of "code script", which includes instructions for building this particular living body. Later, this prescient prediction was fulfilled with the confirmation of DNA structure and function in less than ten years.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). ? Pharmaceutical Technology

Following Schrodinger, John Maynard-Smith, a British biologist, thinks that the essential attribute of life is that it can stand the test of Darwinian natural selection, and those genetic characteristics that can increase the reproductive capacity of organisms are preferentially selected and passed on to future generations, so as to ensure the continuous evolution of species over time. Finally, this concept was combined with the previous definition, resulting in the so-called "NASA life definition", which refers to:

"Life is a chemical system that can adapt to the evolution proposed by Darwin and achieve self-sustainability."

For the viewpoint of adapting to evolution in the definition of life, viruses are certainly worthy of the name-Covid-19 has rapidly mutated and produced many varieties, which clearly reflects this. However, the view that "virus is a living body" is controversial in the first point of definition. Unlike other living organisms, viruses cannot reproduce without other living cells. If we can’t hijack the molecular mechanism of the host cell, the virus is just an inert protein and genetic material. Therefore, Gerald Joyce of Salk Institute thinks:

"According to this basic definition, the virus does not meet the standard."

Whether it can be classified as a living body or not, it is obvious that viruses play an important role in the natural environment. Although it can’t be accurately determined, biologists estimate that there are about 10.31 kinds of viruses in the world. If all the viruses are connected one by one, they will extend to 200 million light years away, which makes people stunned-far exceeding the farthest known galaxy. In all environments on earth, we can find traces of viruses, which can infect all known organisms. Although most viruses are friendly, they will not cause malignant diseases.

? BioCosmos Africa

Nevertheless, they still have a great influence on the evolution of life on the earth, especially they will insert virus genes into the DNA of the host by reverse transcription. For example, the existence of blood orange should be thanks to the virus gene named Tcs2, which will respond to the cold climate and transform into the gene named Ruby, which gives the pulp a unique deep red tone.

More closely related to us human beings is an ancient gene named ErwW-1, which is the reason for the formation of syncytiotrophoblast, a fused cell structure in human placenta, and this structure is very important for the transfer of nutrients to developing embryos. Therefore, all of us owe our existence to a virus that infected African apes millions of years ago.

? Timo Lenzen

For various reasons, some scientists think that NASA’s definition of life is too narrow and should be expanded to include marginal cases such as viruses. Patrick Fortel, a microbiologist at the French Pasteur Institute, is one of them. He thinks:

"Life and the process of life are just some names for the complex evolution forms of substances currently existing on our planet."

Fortel thinks that virus is not only a collection of protein and nucleic acid, but also an organism with two different states in its life cycle: virus particles and "virocell", that is, living cells captured by virus particles and transformed into more virus particles. In Fortel’s theory, a virus cell is completely different from a normal healthy host cell-a "ribocell". The difference between them lies in:

"The dream of normal cells is to divide to produce two cells, while the dream of virus cells is to produce 100 or more virus cells."

Therefore, according to Fortel’s theory, virus particles are to virus cells what seeds are to oak trees. Viruses are no different from any other parasites, and depend on the growth and reproduction of host cells. The virus is only more dependent.

Other scientists think that any effort to define life strictly is futile, because it will prevent us from understanding the strange life forms that have not yet been discovered on the earth or other planets. As the scientific philosopher Carol Cleland of the University of Colorado said:

"Definition only tells us the meaning of a word through our language, but it doesn’t tell us the nature of the world. In the case of life, scientists are interested in the nature of life rather than the meaning of the word’ life’ in our language. What we really need to do is to propose a universally applicable life system theory, rather than a precise definition of the word’ life’. "

Despite the ever-changing forms, life on earth only represents one aspect. The key to forming the universal theory of life system is to explore other possibilities of life. I am interested in developing a strategy to find extraterrestrial life, so that people can expand the boundaries of our concept of life centered on the earth.

? Shira Inbar

On the other hand, I think it is futile for scientists to define "life" tirelessly, because it can’t tell us what we really want to know-"what is life". The scientific theory of life will answer these questions in a satisfactory way, and it will also work for some marginal cases. It is not helpful for the development of life science to include atypical "life" in the category of "life" just for the sake of some people’s own pleasure. "

The debate is getting worse and worse, and almost all biologists firmly believe that this problem has been solved in one way or another. What we can be sure of is: considering their influence on life on earth in the past, present and future, whether viruses are living things or not, they deserve our utmost admiration and respect.

Text /Gilles Messier

Translator/pharmacist

Proofreading /Yord

Original/www.todayifound.com/index.php/2022/06/are-viruses-actually-alive/

Based on Creative Sharing Protocol (BY-NC), this article was published by pharmacists in Leviathan.

The article is only the author’s point of view and does not necessarily represent Leviathan’s position.

Original title: "Is the virus really alive? 》

Read the original text

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How to convert mobile phone traffic

In the digital age, mobile phone traffic has become an indispensable part of our daily life. Whether browsing the web, watching videos or downloading applications, we need to consume a certain amount of traffic. So, how is the mobile phone traffic converted? Here are some key points to help you better understand this concept.

**1. Basic units: MB, GB and TB**

The basic unit of mobile phone traffic is MB (megabyte), and the larger units are GB (gigabyte) and TB (terabyte). The conversion relationship between them is simple: 1GB equals 1024MB, while 1TB equals 1024GB. This conversion relationship allows us to understand the usage of traffic more intuitively.

**2. Traffic consumption factor * *

Different applications and services consume different amounts of traffic. For example, browsing text web pages consumes relatively little traffic, while watching high-definition videos or downloading large files will quickly consume a lot of traffic. Therefore, when using a mobile phone, knowing the traffic consumption of each application will help us manage the traffic better.

**3. Traffic monitoring and reminding * *

Most smart phones have built-in traffic monitoring function, which can display the used traffic and remaining traffic in real time. In addition, many operators also provide traffic reminder service, which will inform users in time when the traffic is close to or exceeds the package limit. These functions help us avoid unnecessary traffic charges.

**4. Traffic package selection * *

When choosing a mobile phone traffic package, we need to decide according to our actual needs. If you often need to use traffic to surf the Internet outside, you can choose a package with more traffic; If you mainly use Wi-Fi at home or in the office, then a package with less traffic may be enough. In addition, you can also consider some packages that provide traffic sharing function to share traffic with family or friends.

To sum up, understanding the conversion method and consumption factors of mobile phone traffic, and making rational use of traffic monitoring and reminding functions can help us manage mobile phone traffic better and avoid unnecessary expenses. At the same time, when choosing a mobile phone traffic package, you also need to make a reasonable choice according to your actual needs.

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Global Connection | The United States has a bad behavior of stealing resources in Syria

  Xinhua News Agency, Damascus, August 16 (Reporter Wang Jian) On a road leading to the border in Hasakeh province in the northeast of Syria, the tanker trucks of American troops lined up in a row, and there was no end in sight. These military vehicles loaded with oil stolen from Syria crossed the border into Iraq in turn and disappeared in the distance. At the same time, residents living in Damascus, the capital of Syria, have been waiting for hours in front of the gas station, and there is no end in sight for the vehicles waiting in line to refuel. This scene has become commonplace in Syria.

  "Stealing oil" is one of the numerous crimes committed by the United States in the Middle East. In order to maintain hegemony and seek personal gain, the United States frequently plundered resources, created conflicts and imposed arbitrary sanctions in the Middle East, seriously damaging the right to life, health and development of local people and creating a profound humanitarian disaster.

  A blatant plunder

  The Syrian Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources recently issued a statement saying that,In the first half of this year, the average daily output of Syrian oil was 80,300 barrels, of which more than 80% and about 66,000 barrels were plundered by "the US military and its supporting armed forces"..

  The Syrian News Agency reported on the 13th that the U.S. military sent a convoy of 89 tankers that day to transfer the oil stolen in Syria to bases in Iraq through illegal border crossings. On the 11th, 144 vehicles were transported for stealing oil.

  Video screenshot

  The Syrian crisis broke out in 2011. Since 2014, the United States has deployed troops in eastern and northeastern Syria. In recent years, the Syrian government has repeatedly accused the US military of stealing and transporting oil in northeastern Syria. Bassam Touma, Syrian minister of oil and mineral resources, said,The United States and its allies plundered Syrian oil wealth like pirates.. Mohammed Omari, an expert on Syrian political issues, said that looting natural resources such as oil is one of the ugliest acts of the United States in Syria.

  In addition to oil, the United States plundered food from Syria. Hasakeh province in the northeast of Syria is an oil depot and a granary, and 60% to 70% of Syria’s grain output is concentrated in this province. According to local media reports,The US military has smuggled or burned Syrian wheat many times..

  Syria used to be a grain exporter, but now it faces a grain shortage and needs to rely on imports to meet domestic demand. According to the World Food Programme, about 12.4 million people in Syria are currently unable to obtain food security, which is the worst situation on record.

  Horrible atrocities

  Before the outbreak of the Syrian crisis, the country had a population of over 22 million. According to data released by the United Nations,The US military intervention has caused at least 350,000 people in Syria to lose their lives, more than 12 million people have been displaced, and 14 million civilians are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance..

  Between 2016 and 2019 alone, Syria recorded 3,833 civilians directly killed by the bombing of the US-led Coalition forces, half of whom were women and children.

On December 9, 2016, at the Kipling temporary resettlement site in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo, children evacuated from the anti-government armed control area were eating. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Yushe

  Syrian political analyst Usama Danula said that the displacement and casualties of civilians caused by air strikes is one of the crimes of human rights violations committed by the United States in Syria, but the United States only calls it "collateral losses".

  Arbitrary and unreasonable sanctions

  In addition to military intervention, the United States has long imposed harsh unilateral sanctions on Syria and other Middle Eastern countries. In 2019, the United States launched the so-called "Caesar Act", which set many obstacles for foreign investors to invest and build in Syria. Since 1979, the United States has imposed various unilateral sanctions on Iran and other countries for a long time. In 1996, it threw out the so-called "D’Amato Act" to prohibit foreign companies from investing in Iran and Libyan energy industries.

On March 7, a Syrian textile worker worked in a factory building in Qatar Industrial Zone in Aleppo. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Amar Safar Jailanai)

  Affected by sanctions, the currencies of these Middle Eastern countries have depreciated, prices have soared, local production and business activities have been affected, foreign investment projects have been stranded, and the process of economic development and reconstruction is facing many difficulties. Chaher Abeidy, a political analyst at Anbar University in Iraq, said that American hegemony will often cause comprehensive damage to local economy, culture and other fields.

  By waging war, imposing unilateral sanctions and plundering wealth, the true face of the United States pursuing hegemony in the name of "freedom, democracy and human rights" has been recognized by the international community, including the Middle East countries. (Participating in reporters: Fan Shuai Shuai, Dong Yalei, Liu Weijian, Yao Bing; Clip: indifferent; Editor: Zhu Ruiqing, Liu Zan, Zhao Zhuoyun, Wang Kewen, Ma Xiaoyan)

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Forum of Powerful Countries | Strive for Building a Powerful Transportation Country

  Transportation is a basic, service-oriented, strategic industry, and it is the foundation of rejuvenating the country and strengthening the country. The Outline of Building a Traffic Power issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council (referred to as "Construction Outline") has designed a grand blueprint for China’s traffic modernization and endowed our traffic people with a lofty mission. Building a transportation power is an important content to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and it is also the only way to seize the opportunity of the new technological revolution and build a world-class transportation system.

  China’s Traffic Development Situation and Mission

  Since the founding of New China, China’s transportation industry has made great historical development. The transformation of transportation capacity from the bottleneck restriction at the beginning of reform and opening up to the initial relief at the end of the 20th century, and then to the current basic adaptation, has provided strong support for the rapid development of China’s economy and society. A comprehensive transportation network has basically taken shape, and the scale of infrastructure and passenger and freight volume rank among the top in the world. Breakthroughs have been made in scientific and technological innovation. The construction technology of high-speed railways, expressways, deep-water ports and large airports has reached the advanced level in the world. A number of projects such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge are world-famous. Fuxing high-speed train and C919 large passenger plane have become China’s beautiful business cards. With the continuous improvement of transportation services, traffic accidents are decreasing year by year. The ability of industry governance has been significantly enhanced. International influence and international competitiveness have been significantly improved. China has become a veritable transportation country. However, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in infrastructure, service level, energy consumption, road safety and innovation ability. At present, China is not a strong transportation country.

  With China’s development entering a new era, traffic development will also enter a new stage. The main contradiction has turned into a contradiction between people’s yearning for a better life and inadequate imbalance in traffic development. The broad masses should not only "walk well" but also "walk well". Looking forward to the future, China’s industrial structure and energy structure will undergo important changes, and urbanization and population aging will become trends. At the same time, a new round of technological revolution in the world is reshaping the global economic structure. Economic globalization and the implementation of the "Belt and Road Initiative" all require the modernization of China’s transportation. It is imperative to build a strong transportation country.

  To build China into a powerful socialist modernization country, it is required that transportation should go first and play a supporting role. It is necessary to build a traffic corridor, an economic corridor and a backbone of development; Relying on high-speed, convenient and networked modern transportation, shortening the time and space distance and promoting regional integration; Activate the traffic multiplier effect, promote high-speed rail economy, port economy and airport economy, and become the new engine of development; Integrate the Internet, develop smart travel, support "door-to-door", personalized and diversified services, and make people enjoy traveling happily.

  To build a strong transportation country, we should take our own road. The United States, Europe, Japan and other countries have developed for more than a hundred years, and many experiences are worth learning. However, a country’s transportation development must be based on its own national conditions. China has a large land area, a large population, more energy, less coal and less oil, and a fragile environment. It has its own characteristics in terms of resource endowment, transportation demand and development stage. It cannot simply copy the development experience of other countries, especially the "car+plane" model of the United States, but should vigorously develop green transportation and public transportation. We should give full play to China’s institutional advantages of concentrating on major events and its leading position in local transportation fields, and take the road of becoming a transportation power with China characteristics.

  Carrying out the Outline of Construction and Building a Powerful Transportation Country

  The Outline of Construction defines the general idea of China’s transportation development, that is, "to build a modern comprehensive transportation system that is safe, convenient, efficient, green and economical", "to build first-class facilities, first-class technology, first-class management and first-class service, and to build a transportation power with satisfactory people, strong support and the forefront of the world"; The development goal of basically building a transportation power in 2035 and building a transportation power in an all-round way in the middle of this century was established. At the same time, the "Construction Outline" also clearly expounds the task of building a transportation power, and puts forward requirements on infrastructure, transportation equipment, transportation services, scientific and technological innovation, security, green development, international cooperation, team building, governance capacity, and safeguard measures. More importantly, in order to achieve the above objectives and tasks, the Construction Outline emphasizes that it is necessary to "promote the transformation of transportation development from pursuing speed and scale to paying more attention to quality and efficiency, from relatively independent development of various modes of transportation to paying more attention to integrated development, and from relying on traditional factors to paying more attention to innovation." In short, these three changes are: promoting high-quality development, promoting integrated development and promoting innovative development. From then on, this paper expounds the understanding of the construction of a strong transportation country.

  About promoting high-quality development. Compared with the high-quality development level, there are still many shortcomings in China’s transportation field. The layout of infrastructure is not reasonable, and there is a big gap between urban and rural development; The proportion of green transportation is not high, and the problem of energy consumption emission is outstanding; Rural basic public services are weak, and logistics costs remain high; The safety level is not high; International competitiveness is not strong. To promote high-quality development is to make precise efforts, adjust the structure to make up for shortcomings, and build a modern and high-quality comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network; Construct a convenient and smooth urban (group) transportation network, give priority to the development of public transportation, and solve urban traffic congestion; Form a wide coverage of rural transportation infrastructure network and promote the organic combination of transportation construction and agricultural development. Construct a multi-level comprehensive transportation hub system to promote the deep integration of roads, railways, waterways, aviation and urban transportation. To promote high-quality development is to improve the level of transportation services, realize fast and convenient travel services and equalize basic public services; Focus on "full travel chain" and "full supply chain" and provide one-stop "door-to-door" first-class service; Passenger transport will be built into a 1-hour commuting circle in big cities, a 2-hour traffic circle in urban agglomerations and a 3-hour traffic circle between major cities in China; Develop multimodal transport of freight, reduce logistics costs, build an efficient express transportation system, and form a logistics circle of one-day delivery in China, two-day delivery in neighboring countries and three-day delivery in the world; Accelerate the development of new formats and modes such as shared transportation; Improve rural passenger service and innovate rural logistics development model.To promote high-quality development is to vigorously develop green transportation and promote the intensive application of resources such as land and sea areas; Optimize the traffic structure and promote the use of clean energy vehicles; Large cities should build an integrated transportation system with rail transit as the backbone and buses as the main body; Create a pleasant walking and cycling environment. To promote high-quality development is to improve the level of traffic safety, build a sound traffic safety management system, strengthen emergency rescue capabilities, and solve the problem of high road traffic casualty rate. To promote high-quality development is to deepen international cooperation, build an important channel to connect China Unicom and serve the world, build an international gateway hub for comprehensive transportation, and lay out global service fulcrums for shipping, civil aviation and railways; Build internationally renowned transportation enterprises and brands and enhance their competitiveness.

  On promoting integrated development. Although China has basically formed a comprehensive transportation management system, the links of planning, construction and management need to be further straightened out; The construction of laws and regulations lags behind the development of industry. Promoting "integrated development" means perfecting the comprehensive transportation management system, coordinating the planning and construction of infrastructure such as railways, highways, water transport, civil aviation, pipelines and postal services, and promoting comprehensive development. Promote the optimization of transportation structure and support the transfer of bulk and long-distance cargo transportation from highway to railway and waterway. Develop public transportation and regulate the use of private cars with price mechanism. Improve the system of transportation laws and regulations, and formulate the Transportation Law to fill the gaps in the basic laws of transportation; Revise and formulate laws and regulations to adapt to the development of the situation and the emergence of new technologies and new economic formats.

  About promoting innovation and development. Although China’s transportation science and technology has made many landmark innovations, its independent innovation ability is still insufficient; The core technology of some important equipment is controlled by people, and the overall level of intelligence needs to be improved. Promoting innovation and development is to build the world’s advanced transportation technology system, focus on improving innovation ability, break through core technologies, and solve the problem that core technologies such as automobiles, ships and airplanes are subject to people; Overcome the energy-saving technology of vehicles and reduce energy consumption emissions; Give full play to the advantages of China’s electric vehicles in production capacity, technology research and development, and charging infrastructure construction to achieve "lane change overtaking"; Maintain the leading position of high-speed railway, develop a 400-kilometer-per-hour high-speed train system, and overcome the low-vacuum pipeline high-speed maglev railway technology; Consolidate the leading advantages of transportation and civil engineering and port machinery technology. Promoting "innovation-driven development" is to improve the level of intelligent transportation, give play to the comparative advantages of China’s intelligent transportation development in market, technology and system, build an integrated transportation intelligent management platform and urban intelligent transportation system, optimize traffic planning, dispatching and command, operation and maintenance management, and help solve the traffic congestion problem; Promote the research and development of vehicle-road collaborative technology, concentrate on organizing research and realize automatic driving.

  At present, the "Construction Outline" has been released and the objectives and tasks have been clearly defined. As a traffic person, we should work hard to build our country into a traffic power and make contributions to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

  (The author is Fu Zhihuan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering)

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Fake! The Nezha team rumored that it had nothing to do with the online "Erlang Shen" movie.

Nezha: Birth of the Demon Child


1905 movie network news  Recently, a poster of "The Deep Sea Dragon of Erlang God" has been circulating on the Internet. The poster is marked as "Newly Built by the Production Team", and with a similar poster style, it is easy for people to mistake it for a new animation series of China myths.

Poster of "Erlang Shen’s Deep Sea Dragon"

Even online bloggers posted that the film was created by The Return of the Great Sage and Ne Zha’s original crew, and the universe of China mythological films was about to open. Many viewers believe it.

Joint statement refutes rumors

On December 31st, Light Media, Striped House and Ne Zha’s core creative team (October Media, Cocoa Bean, and Chuanhe Road) issued a statement denying the rumor, saying that it had nothing to do with this online "Erlang Shen Movie", and also revealed that the Yang Jian part of "Striped House China Myth Series" had been prepared for a long time, so please look forward to it.

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Eight departments: start the implementation of key group entrepreneurship promotion actions.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 12 (Reporter Wang Youling, Jiang Lin) The reporter learned from Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on December 12 that China will focus on key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers and people with employment difficulties, improve the implementation of support policies, optimize the provision of entrepreneurial services, and support more key groups to participate in entrepreneurial activities.

Eight departments, including Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, recently issued the Notice on Promoting Entrepreneurship of Key Groups. The notice proposes that it is necessary to optimize the entrepreneurial environment, optimize the registration process of market entities, implement systems such as on-the-spot settlement, one-time settlement and time-limited settlement, continuously promote the reform of the commercial system, and create a high-quality business environment.

The notice stressed that it is necessary to cultivate entrepreneurs, promote the transformation of creative design achievements of young people such as college graduates, strengthen the support for migrant workers to return home to start businesses, and guide people with employment difficulties to start entrepreneurial projects with less investment and less risk.

At the same time, establish public entrepreneurship service standards, build an integrated service mechanism, organize entrepreneurial instructors to go to grassroots activities, conduct classified guidance on key groups’ entrepreneurship, and carry out various forms of docking and negotiation activities to provide human resources support for key groups’ entrepreneurship. Extensively carry out entrepreneurship training, and subsidize qualified entrepreneurs according to regulations.

In terms of entrepreneurship policy support plan, we will speed up the implementation of entrepreneurship guarantee loan policy, implement electronic examination and approval, simplify guarantee procedures, and exempt counter-guarantee requirements according to regulations. If the borrower encounters temporary difficulties due to the epidemic affecting liquidity, he may apply for an extension of repayment, and the term shall not exceed one year in principle.

In terms of financial product assistance plan, financial institutions are encouraged to stabilize the stock of inclusive small and micro loans, expand the increment, support financial institutions to innovate products and services around "stabilizing posts and expanding posts", increase loans, and promote the financing costs of small and micro enterprises to stabilize and decrease.

According to the notice, the entrepreneurial carrier invested by the government is used as the venue for entrepreneurial projects, and priority is given to providing it to key groups free of charge. Guide the transformation and upgrading of entrepreneurial carriers, improve the service level, strengthen the exchange and cooperation of entrepreneurial carriers, and build a resource integration platform for key groups and entrepreneurial resources.

In addition, workers who are employed in a flexible way are allowed to apply for employment registration at the public employment service agency in their permanent residence. Promote public employment service institutions to set up odd jobs service areas, dynamically adjust the opening hours of service halls, and provide free odd jobs information registration and release and job recruitment services. Encourage local governments to transform and utilize idle buildings according to local conditions, build necessary service facilities, and scientifically plan and lay out the odd jobs market.