标签归档 西安品茶上课

通过admin

The Autumn Harvest Uprising took the first step of encircling the city from the countryside.

  CCTV News:On September 9, 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising broke out on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, which opened the great prelude of China’s revolutionary countryside encircling the city and seizing power by armed forces. Today, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people in the border areas of Hunan and Jiangxi have set foot on the red earth, joined hands to promote regional cooperation and jointly opened a new chapter in the development of the old liberated areas.

  In Wenjia City Memorial Hall of Liuyang Autumn Harvest Uprising, Hunan Province, a red education class is being held, and the red genes of autumn harvest uprising are being passed down from generation to generation with vivid historical stories.

  On September 9, 1927, the autumn harvest uprising broke out on the Hunan-Jiangxi border. The uprising troops set out from Xiushui, Anyuan and Tonggu in Jiangxi, and cooperated with workers and peasants armed groups from all over the country to attack Changsha. However, because the enemy was strong and we were weak, it was hit hard not long after the uprising. Where should the revolution go next? On September 19, various uprising troops joined forces in Wenjia Town, Liuyang City, Hunan Province.

  On September 21st, 1927, more than 1,500 workers and peasants revolutionary army, led by Mao Zedong and others, marched to the mountainous areas along the border of Hunan and Jiangxi. Finally arrived in Jinggangshan in October, creating the first rural revolutionary base under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. In the depths of the Luoxiao Mountains, the Party’s strength has been preserved, and the revolution has accumulated the strength to meet the climax.

  Today, the red relay of communist party people spans a hundred years, which once gave birth to the hot land of rural revolutionary base areas and embarked on a new journey of development.

  Hunan and Jiangxi provinces jointly established a demonstration zone for regional cooperation along the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, covering an area of over 50,000 square kilometers and a population of 13.65 million, including 24 counties (cities, districts) in the two provinces, and jointly led the people in the old liberated areas to change their unbalanced and inadequate development.

  In Liuyang, Hunan Province, local farmers got centralized product promotion with the help of "Hunan, Jiangxi and Hong", a regional public brand jointly built by the two provinces, which opened the last link of market sales for a number of high-quality green agricultural products.

  Taking agriculture, countryside and farmers as the priority, regional cooperation in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces is in full swing. The red tourism ring road and the border rivers will be jointly managed, and medical insurance will be reported immediately across provinces. The red railway line connecting Shaoshan and Jinggangshan will be opened in July this year. By 2022, the total amount of cooperative investment projects in the border areas of Hunan and Jiangxi is expected to exceed 280 billion yuan.

  From industrial development to people’s livelihood security, from infrastructure to social governance, regional cooperation between Hunan and Jiangxi is on the fast track, opening a new chapter in the development of old areas.

通过admin

Take pains to do a good job of protection (first-line anti-epidemic group spectrum)

  The picture shows the members of the garbage transfer team of Thunder God Mountain hospital Property Management Team taking a group photo. Information photo

  In Thunder God Mountain hospital, Wuhan, because of them, the daily work of cleaning and disinfection, public security patrol, and distribution of lunch boxes can operate in an orderly manner. They are the Thunder God Mountain hospital property management team with more than 400 people.

  On February 16th, Yang Ling, the business backbone of the property company of Wuhan Real Estate Group with 11 years of clinical nursing experience, learned that the ICU ward in Thunder God Mountain hospital was officially opened, and volunteered: "I have experience, and I will not enter the ICU ward!"

  Under her leadership, four members of the property management team undertake the cleaning work of two ICU wards and nurse stations, and work for more than 10 hours every day. In addition to normal cleaning, Yang Ling is also responsible for the disinfection and sterilization of equipment and beds in an ICU ward. "There is a 1.2-meter-high large trash can next to each patient’s bed, and on average, more than 30 bags of medical waste are cleared and transported every day." Yang Ling said.

  Before the outbreak, Chen Weiwei was a full-time network car driver. At 11: 00 pm on January 27th, seeing the news of recruiting Thunder God Mountain hospital property personnel in the circle of friends, he made a consultation call and signed up two days later. "Just like when I chose to be a soldier, I want to do something meaningful." Since entering Thunder God Mountain hospital on February 2nd, Chen Weiwei and 30 team members have been responsible for the medical waste transfer in 32 wards.

  Just arrived in Thunder God Mountain hospital, Chen Weiwei and his companions are responsible for the removal of 100 bags of garbage every day. With the increase in the number of patients admitted, this number is rising, with 600 bags and 1,000 bags … … On the heaviest day of the task, Chen Weiwei got off work at 3: 30 in the morning and went back to the dormitory to sleep for more than three hours before continuing to work.

  "Chen Weiwei is coming to collect garbage, and the garbage dump in the A16 ward is full." The news in the WeChat working group has hardly been broken. As the team leader, no matter who called, Chen Weiwei replied and arrived at the first time. "Everyone is afraid of the virus, but we can’t leave it alone because we are afraid. I am willing to contribute to the fight against the epidemic."

  Thunder God Mountain hospital’s property manager, party member Li Xuanxi, has been holding his post for more than a month. Li Xuanxi, born in 1993, is responsible for equipment maintenance and purchasing of living materials in Thunder God Mountain hospital. At the beginning, there were 12 wards in the hospital within 2 days, and the head nurses in each ward had different requirements for property work. Li Xuanxi coordinated and followed up according to the requirements of various wards, and received more than 120 calls every day.

  In order to make an accurate property workflow, Li Xuanxi went into the isolation ward and garbage transfer team again and again to measure the task of each person. Li Xuanxi said, "There are dangers, but Wuhan has nurtured me. At this time, I want to repay this heroic city."

通过admin

Stranger social APP: there has been no evolution.

Wen/Muyu

In China, social APP for strangers is a mystery. When talking about it in public, everyone scoffed, but privately, they quietly registered various platforms. According to the statistics of Ai Media Consulting, in recent years, the scale of social users of strangers in China has been growing, reaching nearly 650 million in 2020.

Everyone wants to get involved in the huge lonely market. The Internet has ups and downs, and only social interaction remains unchanged.

There are more and more social apps, and it is getting easier for everyone to know people, but it is getting harder and harder to understand people. Social platforms help people establish connections, but they deepen their loneliness.

The social platform for strangers has developed for so many years, but it has never been able to get out of the 1.0 era of "pan-socialization", why on earth? Is it "real business" or "false proposition"? Where should it go in the future?


Metacosmic Socialization: Old Wine in New Bottles


The pattern of social apps is changing, but the essence has not improved.

Not long ago, on February 11th, the social APP "Gel", which was launched only three weeks ago, successfully ranked first in the free list of the App store on that day, and dominated the list for three days, becoming the first social application ranking beyond WeChat since 2019.

The breakthrough of gel has triggered a series of discussions. Yes, it is also a "meta-universe". Users pinch their faces through AI to create their own avatars in the 3D world, and then socialize online. After a brief burst of popularity, the gel was quickly removed from the shelves due to problems such as doll wearing, clothing infringement and user privacy.

After the excitement, it quickly cooled down. On platforms such as Xiaohongshu, many users said that it was "boring", "uninstalled" and "useless". In fact, from the product point of view, the gel is not unique. In recent months, whether it is Rainbow Universe, which is known as "the first social stock in China Meta Universe", or Queuing Island in ByteDance, Xirang in Baidu, etc.The core gameplay is "pinching face and dressing up+virtual socialization".


Gel APP


To put it bluntly, the so-called meta-cosmic socialization is just to make the original product 3D, which is far from the real meta-cosmic experience like Ready Player One.

In fact, not only the meta-universe, but also the social APP for strangers in China has never really evolved since its birth. It has always been in the 1.0 era of "pan-socialization" and failed to enter the 2.0 era of "deep socialization". That is to say, social apps have changed from "strict control" to "voice control" or from LBS matching to interest matching.They just let you "know more about people", not let you "know more about people".

From Mo Mo to exploring, to Soul, people just changed different versions of the "gun-making artifact", but did not make real friends and establish effective relationships on it. Apart from helping people pass the time, social apps did not really solve the problem of "loneliness".

Undoubtedly, stranger socialization is a "real business", but Internet companies have made it a "false proposition". Why?


Paradox between "True Business" and "False Proposition"


Stranger social apps can’t achieve the balance between business interests and social values, perhaps for the following reasons:

First, there are natural and essential contradictions in product logic.

The social APP for strangers is efficiency-oriented. Mainstream products have the function of instant messaging, and they are all committed to how to help users connect more quickly. Momo’s rise is because people nearby can move from online to offline faster. Soul’s rise is because voice has higher communication efficiency than text.

However, socialization is naturally an inefficient thing. The establishment of relationships takes time to precipitate, and the accumulation of trust requires multi-faceted interaction.In the acceleration of connecting people, social products will naturally dilute the emotional concentration of the relationship and lower the spiritual depth of interaction.


Source: Network


In the past, online dating was a three-year and five-year long-distance running. Today, online dating is just a three-day and five-day game. From a psychological point of view, the period of maintaining freshness is four months, which can’t be reached at all on social apps, and even a large number of relationships such as "throwing lovers in the sun" have been developed.

The fast pace of online and the slow life of offline have formed a strong tear. The social context built by social apps in the virtual world cannot make people in the real world feel emotional and spiritual satisfaction, creating a strong sense of unreality.

Second, the deliberate edge ball induction in operation.

Although Momo officials never admitted that they were "dating software", it is undeniable that it did induce this behavior of users, and it gave China an outlet for sexual demand that had been suppressed for many years. No matter how glamorous words were used on the surface, it was hard to avoid playing such an edge ball in the operation process.

Even Soul, which claims to be a social soul, has introduced the function of the square, where only good-looking people can enjoy themselves. Most of the information streams recommended by the algorithm are "sexy" beauty selfies and ambiguous copywriting.


Soul APP


It is not difficult to understand from the perspective of business model.Social APP is a product with typical network effect and scale effect.It doesn’t have substantive products like e-commerce, nor does it provide high-quality content like the content community, or other tool-based apps provide a specific service. It relies on frequent interaction between users.The social interaction of strangers is essentially an unsustainable and highly uncertain demand. If we want to gather enough users, the greatest common denominator we can find is Maslow’s underlying demand, which is both urgent and tenacious.

Therefore, no matter how rich the interactive functions provided by social apps are, they will go to a wider market and eventually become an "appointment artifact" irrevocably. No matter what the initial intentions of Momo founder Tang Yan and Soul founder Zhang Lu are, for the sake of traffic, the product operation process will inevitably move towards action deformation, turning a blind eye to certain behaviors, and watching the platform fall into a smog step by step.

Finally, it is difficult to get rid of the fate of making wedding clothes for others.

Chinese Internet users are not sticky at all, especially in the social field. All founders of social apps for strangers will face a "soul torture": What if users add WeChat after they know each other? This is almost an unsolvable problem. In China, strangers socializing and acquaintances socializing are two distinct existence, and the high barrier of WeChat in the acquaintance relationship chain is unshakable.


Source: Network


As a result, the social APP for strangers can never form a closed-loop product. As a social platform, it cannot precipitate the user relationship chain.

The operation is facing an extremely embarrassing situation: the matching efficiency of users’ friends is low, and the loss of users is accelerated because of unsatisfied needs; The matching efficiency of users’ friends is high, and the loss of users due to transfer is accelerated.

How to solve this problem? Change the answer sheet.

Back to the original product starting point, all internet products are essentially in the same time battlefield, as long as users can spend time on the APP.So social platforms don’t need you to really make friends on them, as long as you are willing to spend time.Taking socialization as the table and entertainment as the reality, Momo’s resurrection depends on the live broadcast business, and Soul’s game functions are also increasing.

Social apps don’t really want to help you find friends, just want you to spend time and recharge. Entertainment-consuming socialization is a typical "ineffective socialization", which naturally does not give users a "sense of gain".


In addition to "about guns" and "games",

What else can strangers do when socializing?


The evolution of the mainstream stranger social APP product form represented by Momo is also the result of interaction with the needs of the people of the times. It is an outbreak of repression of emotional and sexual needs by Chinese people in the past years, but it is also staged.Social needs will inevitably move from the bottom of Maslow to the top. Today, everyone’s "loneliness" is no longer a lack of playmates, but has risen to spiritual resonance and recognition.

Zhang Xiaolong said that the essence of social interaction is to find the same kind.

In today’s atomized society, the mobility is increasing, the original social interpersonal relationship structure is disintegrated, people are forced to be divided into isolated islands, eager to be connected by the same kind, and it is this bridge that strangers need to play in social interaction.

In addition to producing hormones and dopamine, social apps need to provide more incremental value to connect with their peers. Stranger social tracks have also made different attempts to find the same kind for users.

Such as social activities.

Around 2015, there was a lively social activity. Taking the former head of someone as an example, with the concept of "everyone is the organizer", users can launch offline activities online, similar to Douban City. This model was first popular abroad. Founded in 2002, Meetup was one of the earliest active social networking sites. In 2017, it was acquired by WeWork for 200 million US dollars. In 2019, Meetup had more than 44 million users worldwide.


Meetup APP


In fact, the starting point of social activities is the real social activities under the tropic of cancer, with parties as the main product, but this model has met with acclimatization in China.

There is considerable uncertainty in offline multi-person activities, especially in China, which is generally not good at social, and it relies heavily on the planning and organizing ability of the organizers. Moreover, users in China are not used to paying for non-functional services, and a mature business model has not been explored for social activities. In March 2020, someet announced its closure, and many users expressed their nostalgia. They had a reputation but didn’t make money, which made the form of social activities never really develop.

Another typical representative is the interest in socializing.

The essence of interest socialization is to stratify users based on hobbies, so that they can find their own vertical circle. The forum exists on this basis, from Baidu Post Bar to Douban Group, which are all classic products.However, from the content community to the social APP, although based on the same product logic, there are essential differences.

Content communities rely on high-quality content to attract users, while interest social apps rely on tagging to gather users, which are not the same in viscosity. Social APP is centered on efficiency and immediacy, and its information flow naturally cannot produce and precipitate high-quality content like the content community, so it is difficult to form a real interest atmosphere. However, Chinese’s interest in cultural life is generally vague and popular, which also determines that social interest can only be sticky in a small circle.


Source: Ai Media Consulting


In July 2019, the product was acquired by Yingke Live, and its circle of interest still exists, but the homepage of the product still focuses on LBS-based face-to-face socialization, and the difference is that it depends on people nearby to recharge their members; In February, 2021, QQ closed the interest tribe, and in December, 2021, WeChat stopped the WeChat circle … The road of interest socialization, whether it is an emerging player or a giant, was finally defeated.

At least for now, stranger socializing in China is still a world of hormones and dopamine.This can’t be entirely blamed on the lack of hard work of social apps. Although everyone shouted "Good-looking skins are the same, interesting souls should choose one in case", they kept carefully taking selfies all the time, and their values kept rolling in, and their spirits remained calm.

However, the world of beauty is illusory after all, and the spiritual loneliness will only become more intense. Perhaps when the desire for deep socialization exceeds a critical value, the 2.0 era of strangers’ social interaction will slowly come.

通过admin

Resume: Ruan Chengfa

  Ruan Chengfa, male, born in October 1957, Han nationality, from Wuhan, Hubei. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in June, 1982 and joined the work in September, 1975. He holds an in-service doctoral degree.

  1975.09— 1978.12 Worker of People’s Clothing Factory in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Director of Propaganda Department of Municipal Clothing, Shoes and Hats Industrial Company.

  1978.12— 1982.02 Secretary, Office and Secretarial Section, Wuhan Second Light Industry Bureau, Hubei Province

  1982.02— 1985.02 majoring in industrial economic management, Department of Economic Management, Wuhan University

  1985.02— 1992.02 Research Department of Wuhan Municipal Government Office, Secretariat cadre, section chief, deputy director and director of the General Office of the Municipal Government.

  1992.02— 1993.06 Deputy Director, General Office of Wuhan Municipal Government, Hubei Province

  (1989.02— In February 1993, he studied as a postgraduate majoring in dialectical materialism and historical materialism in the Department of Philosophy of Wuhan University, and obtained a master’s degree in philosophy)

  1993.06— 1994.04 Deputy Secretary-General of Wuhan Municipal Government of Hubei Province

  1994.04— 1995.09 Deputy Secretary-General of Wuhan Municipal Government of Hubei Province and Director of the Office of the Municipal Securities Management Committee

  1995.09— 1997.12 Secretary of Wuchang District Committee, Wuhan City, Hubei Province

  1997.12— 1998.03 Secretary-General of Wuhan Municipal Committee of Hubei Province

  1998.03— 2001.11 Deputy Secretary and Mayor of Huangshi Municipal Committee of Hubei Province (during this period: 1998.09— In June, 2001, the postgraduate majoring in scientific socialism and international communist movement in the Institute of Scientific Socialism of Central China Normal University studied and obtained the doctor of law degree)

  2001.11— 2002.12 Secretary-General and Director of the General Office of Hubei Provincial Government

  2002.12— 2004.09 Secretary of Xiangfan Municipal Committee of Hubei Province and Director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress

  2004.09— 2007.06 Vice Governor of Hubei Provincial Government

  2007.06— 2007.12 Member of the Standing Committee of Hubei Provincial Party Committee and Vice Governor of the Provincial Government

  2007.12— 2011.01 Deputy Secretary of Wuhan Municipal Committee of Hubei Province, Acting Mayor and Mayor

  2011.01— 2011.02 Standing Committee of Hubei Provincial Party Committee, Secretary and Mayor of Wuhan Municipal Party Committee

  2011.02— 2016.12 Member of the Standing Committee of Hubei Provincial Party Committee, Secretary of Wuhan Municipal Party Committee and Director of the Standing Committee of Municipal People’s Congress

  2016.12— 2017.01 Deputy Secretary of Yunnan Provincial Party Committee, Vice Governor, Acting Governor and Party Secretary of the Provincial Government

  2017.01 Deputy Secretary of Yunnan Provincial Party Committee, Governor of Provincial Government and Party Secretary

  2020.11 Secretary of Yunnan Provincial Party Committee

  2021.01 Secretary of Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and Director of Yunnan Provincial People’s Congress Standing Committee

  Alternate member of the 18th Central Committee, member of the 19th Central Committee. Deputies to the 12th National People’s Congress.

  (Source: Yunnan Provincial People’s Government website)

通过admin

Question and answer on the upper and lower limits of social insurance payment base in 2024

  

One,2024What is the background of the upper and lower limits of the annual social security contribution base?

A:2019In, the General Office of the State Council issued the Comprehensive Plan for Reducing Social Insurance Rates (Guo Ban Fa [201913Number), decided from2019yearfivemoononeStarting from the day,The average wage of employees in full-caliber urban units weighted by the average wage of employees in non-private units in cities and towns and the average wage of employees in private units in cities and towns in each province, and the upper and lower limits of the social security individual contribution base are approved. In accordance with the provisions of the state, our province since2019yearfiveAccording to the relevant data published by the statistics department since June, the upper and lower limits of the social security payment base in that year have been determined.

2024Years, according to the statistics department announced.2023The relevant data of the average wage of employees in urban private units and the average wage of employees in urban non-private units in the whole province in 2000 were weighted and calculated.2023The average wage standard of employees in full-caliber urban units in the province in 2000, and to determine our province accordingly.2024The upper and lower limits of the annual social security payment base.

Second,2024What is the upper and lower limit of the annual social security contribution base?

A:Our province2023The annual average wage of employees in full-caliber urban units is7044.38Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Month, in order to approve.2024The upper limit of the monthly payment base of social insurance individuals in the province in is21133Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Month, the lower limit is4227Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Month.

Third,2024What is the implementation time of the upper and lower limits of the annual social security contribution base?

A:2024yearonemoononeSolsticetwelvemoon31Day.

Fourth,2024Which insured units and employees are involved in the upper and lower limits of the annual social security contribution base?

A:In accordance with the provisions of the state, the average monthly salary of the insured employees is determined above the base of individual social security contributions, and above the average monthly salary of employees in full-caliber urban units in the province.60%Guaranteed peace300%Height limit. That is, if the average monthly salary is lower than the lower limit of the payment base, the lower limit of the payment base shall be taken as my payment base; If it is higher than the upper limit of the payment base, the upper limit of the payment base shall be used as my payment base. Therefore, the upper and lower limits of the payment base only involve the insured employees and units whose average monthly salary is lower than the lower limit or higher than the upper limit of the payment base.

For example, Comrade A,2023The annual average monthly salary is4300Yuan, higher than2024Minimum standard of annual social security payment base4227Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Month, then the comrades.2024The annual social security payment base is4300Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Month, not affected by the lower limit of the payment base.

Comrade B,2023The annual average monthly salary is4000Yuan, lower than2024Minimum standard of annual social security payment base4227Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Month, then the comrades.2024The annual social security payment base is guaranteed according to the lower limit of the payment base, which is4227Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Month.

Comrade c,2023The annual average monthly salary is23000Yuan, higher than2024Upper limit of annual social security contribution base21133Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Month, then the comrades.2024The annual social security payment base is set at the upper limit of the payment base, which is21133Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Month.

V. Flexible employees2024How to determine the payment base of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees in? How much is the monthly payment?

A:According to the state regulations, individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees who participate in the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees can get the average salary of employees in full-caliber urban units in this province.60%till/extremely300%Choose the appropriate payment base between. This year, individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees who are insured as individuals in our province can4227Yuanhe21133Choose an appropriate payment base to pay the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees. Individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees who are insured as individuals according to different payment bases.2024Pay the old-age insurance premium for enterprise employees (the payment ratio is20%, in which8%Credited to personal account) is as follows:

Calculation standard

Monthly payment base

(Decimals are not reserved)

Monthly payment amount (yuan)

the social average wage60%

4227

845.4

the social average wage80%

5636

1127.2

the social average wage100%

7044

1408.8

the social average wage150%

10567

2113.4

the social average wage200%

14089

2817.8

the social average wage250%

17611

3522.2

the social average wage300%

21133

4226.6

Note: the payment base is not limited to the data listed in the above table, and is only for policy interpretation reference.

Individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees who are insured as individuals in our province.2024The annual basic medical insurance payment base for employees is unified according to2024The lower limit of annual payment base is paid.

Six, for the insured units that need to adjust the payment base, is it necessary to make a one-time settlement after the upper and lower limits of the payment base are announced?

A:After the publication of the upper and lower limits of the payment base, the insured units and their employees can make up the difference due to the adjustment of the payment base.2024Pay in installments or at one time before the end of the year, and no late payment fee and interest will be charged during the period.In particular, the insured units can choose to pay in installments to avoid the financial pressure brought by centralized payment.



Seven, about the resigned personnel can be adjusted by myself and the original insured unit.2024Annual payment base.

Answer: According to national regulations, the social insurance premiums that employees should pay are withheld and remitted by the employer. After leaving the company, the former employer, its2024The adjustment of the annual payment base shall be reported to the tax authorities by the original employer.

 

 

 

通过admin

Overview of nuclear power development

  Nuclear energy, also known as atomic energy, is the energy generated when nuclear fission or fusion occurs, which is widely used in industrial and military fields. Nuclear power is the abbreviation of nuclear power generation, which is the electricity generated by nuclear power generation. Using nuclear energy to generate electricity is conducive to optimizing the national or regional energy structure, improving energy security and economy, and playing an increasingly important role in economic and social development. According to the statistics of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), as of the end of January 2011, there were 442 nuclear power units in operation in the world, and the operating nuclear power plants were mainly distributed in North America, Asia and Europe, accounting for about 16% of the global power generation. There are 65 nuclear power units under construction, including 30 in China. At present, there are 13 nuclear power units in operation in China, ranking 11th in the world, with an installed capacity of 11.169 million kWh, accounting for 1.16% of China’s total installed power capacity, and the annual power generation is equivalent to 31.72 million tons of coal.

  First, the working principle of nuclear power plants

  A nuclear power station is a power station that uses the energy released by nuclear fission or fusion reaction of atoms to produce electric energy. At present, nuclear power plants in commercial operation all use nuclear fission reaction to generate electricity. Nuclear power plants are generally divided into two parts: nuclear islands (including reactor devices) that generate steam by atomic nuclear fission and conventional islands (including turbine-generator systems) that generate electricity by steam. The fuels used in nuclear power plants are generally the chemical elements uranium and plutonium. At present, the main types of nuclear power plants in operation and under construction are PWR, candu nuclear power plant, boiling water reactor, fast reactor and gas-cooled reactor.

  Pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant is a thermal neutron reactor which uses pressurized light water as coolant and moderator, and water does not boil in the reactor, and uses thermal neutrons to cause chain reaction. Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant, Ling ‘ao Nuclear Power Plant, Qinshan No.1 Nuclear Power Plant, Qinshan No.2 Nuclear Power Plant and Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant in China all belong to this type of reactor. Candu nuclear power plant uses light water as coolant and heavy water as moderator, and the water does not boil in the reactor. It is also a thermal neutron reactor that uses thermal neutrons to cause chain reaction. Qinshan No.3 nuclear power station in China belongs to this type of reactor. Boiling water reactor nuclear power plant uses light water as coolant and moderator, but water boils in the reactor, which uses thermal neutrons to cause chain reaction. Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan belongs to this type of reactor. The fast reactor nuclear power plant is a nuclear reactor in which the thermal energy released by the chain reaction caused by fast neutrons is converted into electrical energy. The nuclear power plant imported from Russia and to be built in Sanming, Fujian Province belongs to this type of reactor. Gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant is a thermal neutron reactor with gas (carbon dioxide or helium) as coolant, which is caused by thermal neutrons. So far, three types of reactors have been developed, such as natural uranium graphite gas-cooled reactor, improved gas-cooled reactor and high temperature gas-cooled reactor. The Shidaowan nuclear power plant to be built in China belongs to high temperature gas-cooled reactor. The nuclear power plants in operation and under construction in China are mainly pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants.

  PWR nuclear power plants generally have three loops: primary loop (reactor device), secondary loop (turbine generator system) and tertiary loop (circulating water system). Nuclear fuel burns in a special form in the reactor, generating heat to heat the coolant in the primary circuit. The heated coolant enters the steam generator under the push of the main pump, which heats the water in the secondary circuit and turns it into steam, and then is sent back to the core by the main pump for reheating. This continuous cycle is called a loop. Steam enters the steam turbine through the pipeline, which drives the turbine generator to do work and generate electricity, then enters the condenser, and is cooled into water and returned to the steam generator. This steam-water cycle process is called the secondary loop. The third loop uses seawater or fresh water, and its function is to cool the steam in the second loop in the condenser to change it back into condensed water.

  In order to ensure the safety of nuclear power plant, many safety facilities are also considered in the design, including: automatic shutdown system, reactor overpressure protection system, emergency core boron injection system, emergency core cooling system, emergency water supply system, radioactive material containment system and its supporting emergency power supply and cooling ventilation system. On March 11th, 2011, the safety system of Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan performed related functions, such as automatic shutdown and emergency diesel generator start-up. However, due to the magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami, the related systems were out of power and lost the final heat sink due to flooding.

  According to China’s nuclear safety regulations and the recommendations of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the principle of "defense in depth" is strictly implemented in the design, construction and operation of nuclear power plants in China, and multi-level overlapping protection is provided from equipment and measures to ensure that radioactive materials can be effectively contained without leakage. "Defense in Depth" includes the following five lines of defense: careful design and construction to ensure excellent equipment and safety training of nuclear power plants; Strengthen operation management and supervision, and eliminate faults in time; Design and provide multi-level safety system and protection system to prevent equipment failure and human error from causing accidents; Activate the safety system of nuclear power plants, strengthen the management of power plants in accidents, and prevent accidents from expanding; Start the emergency response plan inside and outside the factory, and strive to reduce the impact of the accident on the surrounding residents.

  Two major nuclear accidents and experience feedback

?  Due to the complexity of the nuclear power plant system and the limitation of human understanding, there were two major nuclear accidents before the Fukushima nuclear accident. The accident at Three Mile Island in the United States on March 28th, 1979 had little impact on the environment. The Chernobyl accident on April 26, 1986 really made people realize the potential threat of nuclear power plants. In the accident, 237 occupational workers were exposed to clinically effective overdose radiation, of which 134 showed symptoms of acute radiation and 28 died within 3 months. From 1986 to 1987, the average radiation dose of 200,000 people who participated in accident treatment was about 100 millisieverts, of which about 10% people received 250 millisieverts and a few people received more than 500 millisieverts. After the accident, about 10% of the 116,000 residents evacuated from the restricted area with a radius of 30 kilometers received more than 50 millisieverts, and less than 5% received more than 100 millisieverts. Short-term exposure of humans to radiation doses below 100 millisieverts is basically harmless. The investigation shows that the fundamental causes of Chernobyl accident are design defects (positive power coefficient, no containment, etc.) and human errors (serious violation of regulations). The Chernobyl nuclear accident is by far the most serious one (the Fukushima nuclear accident cannot be accurately evaluated at present due to the lack of specific data).

  Through the summary and reflection of nuclear accidents, many new safety measures and safety concepts have been developed. After the Chernobyl accident, international nuclear safety group of IAEA put forward the concept of nuclear safety culture, and published the report "Safety Culture" in 1991, which was widely accepted worldwide. At the same time, nuclear operators in the world realize that any nuclear accident will have an impact on other nuclear power plants. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen exchanges and cooperation among nuclear operating units, promote effective experience feedback, and establish a nuclear safety culture to prevent nuclear accidents. In May 1989, 144 nuclear operators around the world signed the Charter of the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) in Moscow, aiming at improving the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants around the world.

  Third, the new generation of nuclear power technology and its prospect

  After nearly 60 years of development, nuclear power has formed a complete set of systematic and complete theoretical system and accumulated a lot of operating experience. The newly designed nuclear power units are divided into two directions: one is to increase the configuration of special safety facilities to enhance the safety of the units, represented by EPR nuclear power units in France and VVER nuclear power units in Russia; Second, a large number of passive special safety facilities are used to enhance the safety of the unit, represented by the AP1000 nuclear power unit in the United States. French EPR adopts the design concept of "plus", that is, to increase redundancy to improve safety, and the safety system is increased from two series to four series, which also increases the complexity of the safety system and takes corresponding measures to prevent and alleviate serious accidents. The American AP1000 safety system adopts the "passive" design concept, which better achieves the "simplified" design principle. The safety system uses the natural characteristics of materials (gravity, natural circulation, energy of compressed gas, etc.), and does not need pumps, AC power supplies and corresponding support systems such as ventilation and cooling water, which greatly simplifies the safety system and reduces human errors. The design concept of VVER nuclear power unit in Russia is similar to that of EPR in France.

  The accident of Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan has once again aroused people’s concern about the safety risks of nuclear power, which will promote people’s continuous exploration of new technologies, with the aim of making nuclear energy safer, cleaner and more efficient. (Author: Party Secretary and Deputy Director of the Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection)

通过admin

Officers and soldiers of the national defense mobilization system and militia participated in flood fighting and emergency rescue.

Party flag is flying high on the front line of flood control.

?-A group of news that officers and men of the national defense mobilization system and militia participated in flood fighting and emergency rescue.

The People’s Armed Forces Department of Xinfeng County, Guangdong Province was moved at the news.

Party member backbone charge ahead.


The militia moved the trapped people in the raging flood. Pan intelligent photo

China National Defense News Lin Xiaoqi and Pan Shiyuan reported that in recent days, affected by heavy rainfall, floods occurred in many places in Xinfeng County, Guangdong Province.

"There are people trapped in Matou Town, and the situation is critical. Rescue forces are urgently needed to transfer the trapped people." On the morning of June 18th, after receiving the rescue call, the People’s Armed Forces Department of Xinfeng County heard the order and dispatched more than 40 militiamen in an emergency, carrying rubber boats, life-saving catapults, life jackets and other rescue materials and equipment to the front line.

Landslides occurred in some sections, causing traffic disruption. Militia members use shovels, carts and other tools to clean up debris such as mud stones and branches on the road and get through the blocked roads. After arriving in Matou Town, some militia members drove rubber boats, and some waded waist-deep floods to transfer trapped people and materials from house to house.

"If the old man can’t walk, he will carry it on his back. In any case, he must ensure the safe transfer of the masses." In the face of elderly people with mobility difficulties, the backbone of party member took the lead in charging in the most dangerous places. Militia members were in groups of three, carrying old people and carrying materials, and ran again and again until all the people were transferred to safety. After the militia Chen Yuanhua carried the last old man back, he leaned against the tree and gasped. He said: "When the villagers are safe, we will be relieved."

"Give life jackets to the elderly and children, and make sure they are safe." An old man and two children in Shijiao village were trapped by the flood. Teng Zhaolin, political commissar of the county people’s armed forces department, and eight militiamen formed a party member commando team to carry out rescue. In the face of the rushing flood, Teng Zhaolin put his life jacket on the children. Everyone relayed the old man and the child to the rubber boat and moved to safety. "When we see the PLA and the militia coming, our hearts will be practical." The villagers said.

In the past few days, the People’s Armed Forces Department of Xinfeng County has dispatched more than 300 militiamen and used 4 rubber boats to safely transfer more than 200 people trapped.

The People’s Armed Forces Department of Fuliang County, Jiangxi Province was dispatched urgently.

Baili rushed to block the piping


The militia who fought all night in a row threw themselves into the battle to reinforce the dam the next day. Photo by Ye Zhiwen

China National Defense News Huang Shuhui reported: In the middle and late June, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province was affected by continuous heavy rainfall. The water levels of Changjiang River and Le ‘an River, two major rivers in the region, soared, and many places suffered from different degrees of floods. There were piping dangers in many riverbanks, and the flood control situation was grim.

"There are many piping in the port section of leping city Lebei Lianyu, and your department quickly organized forces to block it." At 23: 00 on June 20, after receiving the order from Jingdezhen Military Division, the People’s Armed Forces Department of Fuliang County held an emergency deployment meeting to immediately mobilize manpower and material resources. In less than 30 minutes, 120 militiamen were assembled and all rescue materials and equipment were loaded.

"Comrades, find a soldier for one thousand days and fight for a while. It’s time to test us. Let’s add luster to party flag with practical actions … "At 0: 00 on the 21st, Ye Hongyan, Minister of the People’s Armed Forces of the county, led the militia detachment to the dangerous area overnight after a brief mobilization.

At 1: 00 a.m., they drove more than 100 miles to the port section of Lianxu, Lebei, leping city, only to see several piping outlets pouring out of the dike. Ye Hongyan and party member backbone after seeing the danger, set the plugging scheme, and act quickly. Militia members according to the plan division of labor, turn on the lights and flashlights, bagging, carrying materials, passing sandbags, blocking piping, orderly operation, busy but not chaotic. The militia members are all high-spirited and cooperate with each other. After more than 8 hours of continuous fighting, the danger was effectively controlled.

At 10 o’clock on the 21st, the militia members who fought all night forgot to rest, carried forward the fine style of continuous fighting and were not afraid of difficulties, and threw themselves into the battle of transporting sandstone and timber and strengthening dams. Although everyone is exhausted, they can’t tell whether their faces are muddy or sweaty, and many people’s hands are worn out, but no one is complaining and tired, and they have been fighting in the front line.

The People’s Armed Forces Department of Jiangyong County, Hunan Province fought continuously.

Braving the heavy rain to divert people.


As the water level rose and the road was flooded, the militia carried the old man and moved to safety. Photo by Tang Hui

China National Defense News Xie Junmin and Tang Hui reported that from 8: 00 on June 20 to 8: 00 on June 21, there was a general rainstorm in Jiangyong County, Hunan Province, with heavy rain in some areas, and the river exceeded the warning level. At 5: 00 a.m. on the 21st, the water level of the Museum of Women’s Book Ecological Park in Shangjiangxu Town rose sharply, the village was flooded and more than 300 people were trapped by the flood.

After receiving the order, the People’s Armed Forces Department of Jiangyong County quickly launched the emergency plan and organized the militia emergency company to rush to the disaster site in heavy rain. The Museum of Women’s Book Ecological Park was surrounded by floods, with a depth of 2 meters, and the terrain leading to the homes of the trapped people was complicated. After surveying the terrain on the spot, they divided the militia into two groups, one group was responsible for clearing road obstacles and the other group was driving rubber boats to carry out rescue. After six hours of fighting, more than 300 villagers were all safely transferred to temporary resettlement sites.

On the afternoon of the 21st, heavy rain fell again in Jiangyong County, which aggravated the disaster in nine townships and threatened the lives and property of some people. At 20 o’clock, the leaders of the People’s Armed Forces Department led the militia emergency detachment, carrying rubber boats, assault boats and flood control and rescue equipment, and rushed to the affected towns to carry out emergency rescue.

The roads in Gaoyun Village of Xiacengpu Town were all flooded. Under the guidance of the masses, the team members drove the rubber dinghy slowly in the fast-flowing water. Due to the complicated local water conditions, the ditches on both sides of the road are different in depth, and the sight is not good at dark, the rubber boats run aground from time to time, so the team members have to wade forward with rubber boats. Some villagers don’t want to leave home. The village party secretary took the militia to knock on the door from house to house to persuade the masses to move to a safe place to ensure that no one was left behind.

As of 8: 00 on the 22nd, they turned to Xiacengpu Town, Taochuan Town, Coarse Shijiang Town and other places, and fought for more than 9 hours continuously, transferring all 53 trapped people to safety.



?

通过admin

New era, new ideas and new leap

  There are many theoretical innovations in the report of the Supreme Leader General Secretary in The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, among which three innovations about new era, new ideas and new leap are particularly significant. The new era refers to "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era", the new thought refers to "the formation of the supreme leader’s new era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought", and the new leap refers to "the Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong". The internal logic, scientific connotation and interrelation of these three theoretical innovations have become particularly important contents in learning and understanding the spirit of the 19th Party Congress.

  First, the logical chain of Socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era

  Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great assertion that he has entered a new era contains such an inherent logic: the historic achievements in the development of the cause of the Party and the people have led to historic changes in the principal contradictions in our society, and the historic changes in the principal contradictions in our society have decided that Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has United and led the people of all ethnic groups in China to achieve historic achievements and promote historic changes, which are mainly manifested in economic construction, comprehensively deepening reform, democracy and legal system construction, ideological and cultural construction, people’s life, ecological civilization construction, strengthening the army, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan work, all-round diplomatic layout, and comprehensively and strictly administering the party. These achievements are all-round and groundbreaking, and these changes are deep-seated and fundamental, which have a significant and far-reaching impact on the development of the cause of the party and the country. China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength and comprehensive national strength have entered the forefront of the world, China’s international status has been upgraded as never before, and the appearance of the party, the country and the Chinese nation has undergone unprecedented changes.

  Historic achievements have been made in the development of the cause of the party and the people, which have caused historic changes in the main contradictions in our society. The main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. The main contradiction of this society, the insufficient development imbalance is the main aspect of the contradiction. The original backward production situation in China has now been fundamentally changed, and the social production capacity has entered the forefront of the world in many aspects; The people’s growing needs in economy, politics, culture, society and ecology are the secondary aspects of contradictions, and the people’s growing needs for a better life have gone beyond the scope of the original material and cultural fields and become more extensive and diverse; Insufficient unbalanced development has become the main constraint to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life.

  Contradiction is the driving force for the development and change of things, and the main contradiction plays a decisive role in the development of affairs. The historical changes in the main social contradictions in China have decided that Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which is a new historical orientation for China’s development. To continue to develop the cause of the Party and the people, we must grasp the main contradictions and main aspects of contradictions in our society in the new era, and on the basis of continuing to promote development, focus on solving the problem of insufficient development imbalance, vigorously improve the quality and efficiency of development, better meet the people’s growing needs in economic, political, cultural, social and ecological aspects, and better promote the all-round development of people and social progress.

  The logical chain for Socialism with Chinese characteristics to enter a new era is: historic achievements have been made in the cause of the party and the people — — Historical changes have taken place in the major social contradictions in China — — Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The three are linked in sequence and interlocking.

  Second, the compass to win the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era

  The era is the mother of ideas, practice is the source of theory, and the new era calls for new ideas. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made great theoretical innovations and formed the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, centering on what kind of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and how to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.  

  Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the inheritance and development of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, the crystallization of the practical experience and collective wisdom of the Party and the people, an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system, and an action guide for the whole party and people to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. These five scientific connotations are the basic follow-up for us to learn and understand this new idea.  

  The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era is an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system. In the new era, we should adhere to the "14 basic strategies" to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Including: upholding the Party’s leadership over all work, taking the people as the center, deepening reform in an all-round way, adhering to the new development concept, upholding the people as masters of the country, upholding the rule of law in an all-round way, upholding the socialist core value system, safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood in development, upholding the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, upholding the overall national security concept, upholding the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s army, upholding "one country, two systems" and promoting the reunification of the motherland, persisting in promoting the building of a community of human destiny, and persisting in comprehensiveness. These theoretical analysis and general plan guidance are helpful for us to better uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era of supreme leader.  

  Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the latest achievement of Marxism in China, and its spiritual essence contains "eight explicits". First, about flags, general tasks and strategic arrangements. To uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics clearly, the overall task is to realize socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On the basis of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we will build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power in two steps in the middle of this century. Second, about the principal contradiction and fundamental purpose. It is clear that the main contradiction in our society in the new era is the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. We must adhere to the people-centered development thought and constantly promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people. Third, about the overall layout, strategic layout and four self-confidences. It is clear that the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s career is "five in one" and the strategic layout is "four comprehensive", emphasizing firm road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence. Fourth, on the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform. Clear is to improve and develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Fifth, on comprehensively promoting the overall goal of governing the country according to law. To be clear is to build a legal system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics and a socialist country ruled by law. Sixth, on the building of the people’s army.It is clear that the party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era is to build a people’s army that listens to the party’s command, can win battles and has a good style of work, and build the people’s army into a world-class army. Seventh, the diplomacy of a big country with China characteristics. It is clear that it is necessary to promote the building of new international relations and the building of a community of human destiny. Eighth, on political guarantee and party building. It is clear that the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the party is the highest political leadership force. It puts forward the general requirements for party building in the new era and highlights the important position of political construction in party building. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the "compass" to win the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

  The above five points focus on clarifying what new ideas are, 14 strategies focus on what new ideas should adhere to, and 8 requirements answer what new ideas should be clear in the new era. These are the important contents of studying, understanding and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and the guiding ideology for building a well-off society in an all-round way and winning the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

  Third, the trilogy to realize the historical mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

  Once established, the Communist Party of China (CPC) will shoulder the historical mission of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation without hesitation. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s entry into a new era means that the Chinese nation, which has suffered a lot in modern times, has ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. In the struggle of nearly a hundred years, the Chinese nation has stood up, achieved prosperity and ushered in strength.

  Take the first leap and stand up. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must overthrow the three great mountains of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism that are pressing on the people of China. Our Party United and led the people to adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts, the mass line and independence, found the correct revolutionary road of encircling cities with rural areas and seizing political power by armed forces, completed the new-democratic revolution and established the People’s Republic of China (PRC). To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must establish an advanced social system that conforms to China’s reality. Our Party United and led the people to complete the socialist revolution of "one modernization and three reforms", established the basic socialist system, promoted socialist construction, completed the most extensive and profound social changes in the history of the Chinese nation, and laid a fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for all development and progress in contemporary China. Through the revolution and construction from 1921 to 1978, the Chinese nation made a great leap to stand up.

  The second leap, to achieve wealth. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must conform to the trend of the times, the wishes of the people, and be brave in reform and opening up. Our party unites and leads the people to carry out the new great revolution of reform and opening up, resolutely gets rid of all outdated ideological concepts and institutional mechanisms, constantly promotes the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, opens up the Socialism with Chinese characteristics road, adheres to the basic line of the primary stage of socialism, and puts forward the "three-step" development strategy, which solves the problem of people’s food and clothing and realizes the overall well-off life of the people. In the struggle to build a well-off society in an all-round way and build a socialist modern power in an all-round way, China’s economic, scientific and technological and national defense strength are comprehensive. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theme of the whole theory and practice of the Party since the reform and opening-up, and it is the fundamental achievement that the Party and the people have made through untold hardships and paid a huge price. Through the reform and opening up from 1978 to 2012, the Chinese nation achieved a great leap forward in getting rich.

  The third leap, ushered in strong. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, historic achievements and changes have taken place in the development of the cause of the Party and the country. It is a strategic arrangement for the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era to build a well-off society in an all-round way, to basically realize modernization, and then to build a socialist modernization power in an all-round way. The strategic arrangement is actually divided into three stages. In the first stage, from 2012 to 2020, we will build a well-off society in an all-round way and achieve the goal of the first century, so that building a well-off society in an all-round way will be recognized by the people and stand the test of history. In the second stage, from 2020 to 2035, on the basis of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we will struggle for another 15 years and basically realize socialist modernization. In the third stage, from 2035 to the middle of this century, on the basis of basically realizing modernization, we will strive for another 15 years to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power and realize the goal of the second century. By then, China’s material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, social civilization and ecological civilization will be improved in an all-round way, the national governance system and governance capacity will be modernized, and China will become a country with leading comprehensive national strength and international influence. From 2012 to 2049, Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modern power in an all-round way according to the strategic arrangement of three stages of development, and the Chinese nation ushered in a great leap forward.

  The Chinese nation has made three great leaps to stand up, get rich and get strong, which constitutes a trilogy to realize the historical mission of the party and writes a magnificent epic of swallowing mountains and rivers.

  To sum up, the new era, new ideas and new leaps have systematically answered the basic questions such as where, how and where to go. The new era theory has determined the new historical orientation of China’s development, the new ideological theory is the action guide for the whole party and people to strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and the new leap theory has planned the strategic arrangement for Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s development in the new era. On the road of seeking happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, these three new theories will show powerful and convincing truth power.

  (Chen Zonghai Author: Professor, School of Marxism, Beijing Institute of Technology)

通过admin

Land-saving Mode of "Stock Factory+Pension Service" in Rugao City

    I. Basic information
    Rugao is a famous longevity town, and it has been rated as one of the six longevity towns in the world by the International Natural Medicine Association. The old-age health industry has developed rapidly in Rugao. Rugao vigorously promotes the redevelopment of inefficient land use in cities and towns, makes full use of national and provincial dividend policies for the redevelopment of inefficient land use in cities and towns, makes use of existing inefficient industrial land and factories, and temporarily changes the use function of buildings to engage in non-profit pension services with the approval of planning, so as to become the largest longevity and health care base in Nantong — — Rugao Changshou Health Park.
    Rugao Changshou Health Park is located in Jiuhua Town, Rugao City, beside National Highway 204, far away from industrial parks and concentrated residential areas. With convenient transportation, surrounded by green trees, pleasant environment and fresh air, it is a good place for old-age leisure. The project has a total land area of 53.1 mu and a total construction area of about 40,000 square meters. It is invested by Nantong Huarong Investment Development Co., Ltd. with a total investment of 500 million yuan. It is a comprehensive pension service institution integrating medical treatment, rehabilitation, nursing and pension.
    Second, the main practice (mode characteristics)
    Rugao Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government and Natural Resources Bureau emancipated their minds, pioneered and innovated, boldly explored policies and measures for the redevelopment of inefficient land, encouraged social capital to fully store land and factories to set up old-age service facilities, and introduced Huarong Company, which obtained the industrial land use right of former Nantong Jianghaihe Textile Industry Co., Ltd. through judicial auction. On the condition that there is no hidden danger of environmental pollution after investigation and evaluation of the plot and the surrounding environment, Huarong Company renovated the standard factory building in Uchikoga, the industrial land, and built Rugao Changshou Health Park.
    Huarong Company transformed the original three standard workshops with four-story frame structure, with a total construction area of 36,000 square meters, to create standardized apartments for the aged. The 2nd-4th floors of each building were converted into standard rooms, with a total of 600 rooms, each with an area of 30 square meters, which can accommodate 1,200 elderly people. Three four-story buildings are equipped with elevators, corridors are installed between the three buildings, and the ground floor is equipped with comprehensive service rooms and ancillary rooms, including restaurants, laundry rooms, gymnasiums, leisure rooms, offices, etc., to facilitate the free activities of the elderly. Pension apartment covers an area of only 27.5 mu.
    In addition to the residential area of the apartment for the aged, Huarong Company demolished some of the ancillary buildings within the original industrial land to make a small park covering an area of about 20 mu, providing public leisure spaces such as parks, green spaces and squares for the elderly, creating beautiful outdoor landscapes, making the elderly feel fresh, elegant and comfortable, which is beneficial to their physical and psychological health.
    There is a nursing home in the health park, with complete departments and medical care facilities. There are more than 20 clinical, medical technology and functional departments such as internal medicine, surgery, traditional Chinese medicine, rehabilitation medicine, hospice care, physiotherapy, expert clinic and medical laboratory, radiology, color Doppler ultrasound, electrocardiogram, Chinese and western pharmacies. Equipped with a caring medical team with superb technology and first-class service, there are currently 3 registered doctors, including 1 chief physician of internal medicine, 2 Chinese and western doctors, 11 nurses, 1 medical technician and 19 nurses, 15 of whom have been trained by Nantong Sports Health School and obtained certificates. At the same time, in cooperation with a number of 3A hospitals in Nantong, a green channel for emergency hospitalization was opened to ensure the medical safety of the elderly.
    Third, the effect of land saving
    Social capital’s investment in setting up old-age service facilities such as nursing homes, nursing homes and old-age apartments is generally based on land acquisition and new construction. The initial investment cost is high, the construction period is long, and the income is slow after it is put into use later, resulting in the low enthusiasm of social capital to invest in setting up old-age service facilities. Using the existing factory building, temporarily changing the use function of the factory building and renovating it greatly saves the land cost and time cost, and saves funds for the enterprise. There is no need to set up old-age service facilities by using idle factories, and 53.1 mu of land can accommodate 1,200 elderly people, with an average area of only 4.43 mu per 100 people, which is far lower than the standard of 6.35 mu per 100 people in Jiangsu Construction Land Index (2014 edition), saving 23.1 mu of land, and the plot ratio is 1.0, which is also significantly higher than that in Jiangsu Construction Land Index.
    At present, the health park set up by transforming idle industrial plants is operating well, achieving a win-win situation of economic and social benefits.
    IV. Application Prospect (Scope of Use)
    Rugao Longevity Health Park, which is built by using the land-saving mode of old-age service facilities in stock industrial factories, has 380 elderly people living, relaxing and supporting the elderly. It is the nursing home with the largest number of elderly people in Nantong, including many elderly people from the Yangtze River Delta region such as Shanghai, Suzhou and Taizhou. It has become a longevity health demonstration area in East China, which has enhanced the cultural brand effect of Rugao as a "world longevity town" and completely changed the small scale, low grade, low service level and service of private pension institutions in Nantong. It can effectively meet the needs of the society for providing for the aged, so that the elderly who live in can enjoy a variety of group life such as accommodation, nursing, medical care and recreation, and can truly realize the "security, medical care, education, health care, learning and happiness" for the elderly, a vulnerable group. With the opening of Hutong high-speed railway, the distance between Rugao Changshou Health Park and Shanghai and Yangtze River Delta will be further narrowed, and the radiation area will be further expanded. Facts have proved that this model has low land cost, good return on investment, broad prospects and great promotion value.
    V. Practical exploration (policy value)
    Article 8 of the former General Office of the Ministry of Land and Resources "Guiding Opinions on the Use of Old-age Service Facilities" stipulates: "Enterprises, institutions and individuals can transform and utilize the existing idle factories, schools and community houses in cities and towns, set up old-age service institutions, and temporarily change the building use function to engage in non-profit old-age service after planning approval and continue to operate for more than one year, so they may not increase the annual land rent or land income difference within five years, and the nature of land use may not be changed temporarily." Rugao strongly supports social capital to invest in healthy old-age service projects, and encourages the adoption of a five-year transition policy to revitalize existing idle factories and set up non-profit old-age service facilities. The successful holding of Rugao Changshou Health Park proves the feasibility of this policy, which is of reference significance for the social capital with limited funds to invest in the old-age service industry, and is also one of the paths for local governments to promote the redevelopment of inefficient industrial land, eliminate backward production capacity and realize industrial transformation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

通过admin

It is an important step to improve efficiency to cancel the high-speed provincial toll station.

Recently, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China presided over the the State Council executive meeting, made clear the policy measures, and strived to basically cancel the provincial toll stations of national expressways before the end of this year, so as to facilitate people’s travel and improve logistics efficiency. Compared with this year’s "Government Work Report", the deadline has been advanced.

According to the data of logistics operation in 2018 released by China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the ratio of total social logistics expenses to GDP in 2018 is 14.8%, in which the ratio of transportation expenses has decreased steadily, which is still far from the level of 8% to 9% in major developed countries and 11% to 13% in emerging economies. Behind the high ratio are practical problems such as the need to improve logistics efficiency, especially the issue of provincial boundary charges explicitly mentioned at the the State Council executive meeting has long been criticized.

The reason why there are provincial toll stations is that most of the expressways are financed, built in sections and maintained by the provinces themselves. Therefore, in order to recover the initial investment as soon as possible, maintain daily operations and even make profits, all provinces will set up station fees. There is nothing wrong with unified planning and construction of toll stations in this province, but when it comes to provincial boundaries, strange phenomena such as inter-provincial broken roads often appear. In addition, the existence of provincial toll stations makes it necessary for vehicles leaving the province to pay centrally at the provincial boundaries, and it is not uncommon for traffic jams to occur. The value of expressway lies in allowing vehicles to pass at high speed, and the existence of toll stations hinders the connection of expressways between provinces to a certain extent, forcing passing vehicles to go through more deceleration and parking processes, which will undoubtedly hinder the realization of expressway value and seriously affect logistics efficiency.

Therefore, the benefits of canceling provincial toll stations are self-evident. However, it is worth emphasizing that the abolition of provincial toll stations is not the abolition of fees, but the gradual replacement of non-stop express charging system. As Wu Chungeng, spokesperson of the Ministry of Transport, said at the press conference earlier, the full coverage of ETC (Electronic Non-stop Express Toll Collection System) is the key factor to successfully cancel the provincial toll stations of expressways across the country. Therefore, the most urgent task at present is to vigorously popularize ETC and carry out the construction and transformation of ETC portal system of toll lanes.

From this point of view, with the rapid popularization and use of ETC, the process of canceling provincial toll stations will be gradually advanced, and its benefits will gradually emerge. The most direct benefit is that it will reduce the number of stops of passing vehicles and alleviate the congestion of toll stations. Passing vehicles can not only save a lot of gas money, but also save a lot of time. On the whole, considering the total number of high-speed vehicles in the country, the overall effect will be more impressive.

But the potential benefits are by no means limited to this. Under the situation of a chess game in the national economy, the saying that "if you want to get rich, build roads first" is still out of date, and Unicom’s national expressway network is an important driving force to change the phenomenon of inter-provincial market segmentation. The cancellation of provincial toll stations will not only help to reduce the operating cost of expressways and improve the efficiency of vehicle traffic, but also help to establish a unified national market, expand effective demand and further inject momentum into economic development.

In addition, it should also be noted that the voice of "high-speed free" appears in the public opinion field from time to time. This shows that the public still has certain expectations for high-speed free, at least for reducing fees. However, from the current situation, the conditions for high-speed free are not yet mature. In addition, the previous policy of benefiting the people at high speed during holidays did reduce the economic cost of travelers to a certain extent, but with the high-speed free, the traffic volume was greatly increased, which made the expressway no longer high-speed, increased the time cost of travelers and affected the travel experience of travelers. This shows that the core of reducing the economic and time cost of public use of expressways is to improve the efficiency of the whole transportation system and continue to improve various supporting measures, so as to effectively enhance the public’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.(postdoctoral fellow in applied economics, China Academy of Fiscal Science) Panhelin)