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The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue gale warning： there will be 5-7 gale in parts of northern Qinghai and southern Tibet.

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue the gale blue warning at 18: 00 on November 20: It is estimated that there will be 5~7 winds and gusts of 8 in parts of eastern Xinjiang, central and western Inner Mongolia, northwestern Gansu, northern Qinghai and southern Tibet from 20: 00 on November 20 to 20: 00 on November 21; There will be strong winds of 7-8 grades and gusts of 9 grades in the Taiwan Province Strait, bashi channel, the central, eastern and southwestern South China Sea.

　　From 20: 00 on November 21 to 20: 00 on the 22 nd, there will be 5~6 winds and gusts of 7~8 in parts of northern Xinjiang, most of Inner Mongolia, northwestern Gansu, northern Qinghai, northern Ningxia, northwestern Shaanxi, most of Shanxi, western Hebei, western Heilongjiang and eastern Jilin. There will be strong winds of 7-8 grades and gusts of 9 grades in bashi channel, the central, eastern and southwestern South China Sea.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. The Central Meteorological Observatory and China Maritime Search and Rescue Center remind ships sailing and operating in the sea areas affected by strong winds to pay attention to navigation safety;

　　2, forest, grassland, urban fire departments to prepare for fire prevention, airport, railway, highway and other traffic management departments should take measures to ensure traffic safety;

　　3, stop high altitude, water outdoor work and recreational activities, reinforcement or proper placement of hoardings, scaffolding billboards, simple facilities and other structures that are easily blown by strong winds;

　　4. Pedestrians and vehicles should not stay in temporary buildings such as tall buildings and billboards, or under trees.

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The amazing appearance of the new BMW 5 Series (imported) car is exciting.

When our career is stable and our income is gradually "well-off", our originally poor life has also changed a lot, and the car we once yearned for is no longer out of reach. What I bring to you today is (import), which has many bright spots. Not much to say, let’s take a look.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the BMW 5 Series (imported). The front face of the BMW 5 Series (imported) looks very round and lovely, which is very recognizable. Combined with the fashionable and dynamic headlights, it is the finishing touch on the front face. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 5060MM*1900MM*1515MM. The car adopts lines with flamboyant personality, and the side gives a very solid feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of movement. Looking back, the rear of the car echoes the front of the car, and the taillights look very unique. Together with the unique exhaust pipe, the whole looks very cold.

Coming into the car, the interior design is very unique and the visual effect is very good. The car looks very good outside the steering wheel, and it is made of genuine leather, giving people an impulse to control it. Let’s take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered, and the overall design of the central control is remarkable. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling, too. Let’s take a look. The dashboard design is remarkable and very eye-catching. The car uses leather seats, equipped with auxiliary seat electric adjustment, seat with memory electric adjustment, seat proportion down and other functions, and the comfort is acceptable.

BMW 5 Series (imported) trunk has high space availability and excellent loading capacity, and the rear seat support ratio is put down, so the space can be further expanded. At the same time, the car is equipped with fatigue warning, anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), brake force distribution (EBD) main driver airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

Do you have the urge to buy a car after reading the whole article? Let me make a summary. The car introduced today is not only eye-catching in space, but also has reached the mainstream level in various configurations, and there is nothing to be picky about driving experience and space experience.

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Test Drive 2016 New Passat Business Benchmark Evolution

　　Appearance: Close to the flagship Phaeton model.

　　Business temperament has always been an indispensable part of Passat. The front face of the new Passat has changed a lot, which can be said to be a brand-new evolution. The horizontal air intake grille still uses the classics, but the overall lines are stronger and more powerful, showing more upscale characteristics.







　　Headlights have also changed a lot. The newly-added LED light group is very similar to Phaeton, Volkswagen’s flagship model, and equipped with follow-up steering function. Passat’s innovation in these aspects has made it the king of mid-level cars, with a strong sense of business and grade.

　　Interior: the degree of humanization has been strengthened.

　　Volkswagen’s skill in interior decoration has been greatly strengthened in recent years, and it has no small advantage over its competitors in terms of design and practicality. The peaceful atmosphere makes people feel quiet in it, and the newly added CarPlay system makes the practicality by going up one flight of stairs.








　　Since it is a business car, the experience of the rear passengers is even more important. Passat can be said to have an absolute advantage in space. In order to take care of the needs of the rear passengers, it also provides the functions of independent air conditioning and seat heating in the rear, which makes the passengers feel proud.

　　Power: 3.0V6 different gas field


　　Passat not only provides a 2.0T turbocharged engine that can meet the power demand, but also provides a more comfortable and luxurious 3.0L V6 naturally aspirated engine for consumers to choose from. Compared with a four-cylinder engine, this V6 has less vibration and more confidence, bid farewell to sudden acceleration and make the ride feel more mellow.

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Spring Festival travel rush, the railway man, insisted： for these 40 days in Spring Festival travel rush.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 18thQuestion: For these 40 days in Spring Festival travel rush — — Spring Festival travel rush’s Persistence of Railway People

　　Qi Zhongxi and Tan Hanwen

　　With the opening of Spring Festival travel rush, the festive season is approaching, and many people have started to return home. But there is always such a group of people. The busier Spring Festival travel rush is, the more they should stick to their posts during the Spring Festival.

　　The conductor’s "twelve o’clock"

　　At 5: 30 on January 10th, the alarm of "post-90s" train conductor Zhou Yiqiao rang on time in the flight attendant apartment of Chengdu East Railway Station. She immediately got up and washed, and devoted herself to the first day of work in Spring Festival travel rush in 2020 with the best mental state.

　　"Spring Festival travel rush is not only a trip, but also a hope for reunion and happiness." This Chuanmeizi, born in 1995, is now a train conductor of the southern line of Chengdu Passenger Transport Section of China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Co., Ltd.

　　On this day, she will lead four colleagues in the team to take the G2731 EMU from Chengdu East to Xiamen North. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the trip, she is always the first to come to the team to receive the task, and clearly divide the work and arrange each position.

　　"The G2731 EMU will stop at 25 stations including Chongqing West, Guiyang East, Changsha South and Nanchang West … … Every time I arrive at the station, I will inspect the carriage and approach 20,000 steps a day. " On the first day’s value ride in Spring Festival travel rush, Zhou Yiqiao took the initiative to ask the passengers if they needed help, help them pack their suitcases, and serve a cup of hot tea to the passengers in need … …

　　After a busy day, on the early morning of 11th, Zhou Yiqiao and her colleagues returned to the flight attendant apartment of Xiamen North Railway Station. As the train conductor, she also needed to report the crew information to the team by mobile phone, and summarized and analyzed the problems existing in the standardized operation, service work and emergency work. Five hours later, she returned to Chengdu East Station by G2372 EMU.

　　Zhou Yiqiao has just been married for a year, and her husband is mainly responsible for the special maintenance of the "sick" EMU. Due to the nature of their work, they often can’t meet each other, especially during the 40 days in Spring Festival travel rush, it is normal to get together less and leave more.

　　According to Spring Festival travel rush’s value-taking plan, she will spend New Year’s Eve with the passengers on the train this year. After careful calculation, she has never spent the New Year at home in the six years since she worked.

　　The "shadow" accompanied by going home

　　"Train G5033 times, 1 exit signal is good, the driver understands." With a whistle, the G5033 train slowly drove out of Nanchang West Station and galloped to Ganzhou at a speed of 300 kilometers per hour, which was the first value-taking mission of "old driver" Yang Bin and Spring Festival travel rush in 2020.

　　Yang Bin, a 50-year-old high-speed rail driver, is the first batch of high-speed rail drivers in China. During his 30 years on the job, he experienced six speed increases of China Railway. From steam locomotives to diesel locomotives, to electric locomotives, motor trains and high-speed trains; The speed ranges from 40 km, 120 km, 200 km, and then to 350 km. The "chasing the wind" mileage of high-speed rail driver Yang Bin is the "China speed" of railway development.

　　"These are my five driver’s licenses, which witnessed the landmark development of China Railway from steam engine to Fuxing EMU." Yang Bin proudly displayed his "baby". With superb business and manipulation skills, Yang Bin, who has driven various models, has been the first train value-taking task for six times, such as Shanghai-Kunming Railway and Changjiu Intercity, and has been called "the pioneer of Jiangxi High-speed Railway" by his colleagues.

　　The national high-speed railway network is moving from "four horizontals and four verticals" to "eight horizontals and eight verticals". The speed of trains is getting faster and faster, and the number of trains is increasing. Yang Bin is always on the road. For more than 10,000 days and nights in 30 years, he spent only three New Years with his family.

　　"Although many people don’t know who is driving the train, they can feel whether the train is running well or not. I am like a person who accompanies passengers on a safe and comfortable trip ‘ Shadow ’ . I just thought about the opportunity to let my family take the Fuxing I opened. " After driving all his life, Yang Bin has transported thousands of passengers home.

　　"Blasters" who open the way on every mountain

　　Ordinary people usually have the opportunity to set off firecrackers on holidays, but there is such a group of people who have to shoot mountains almost every day and deal with detonators and gunpowder.

　　The mountains and hills in Fujian are towering and continuous, and the mountains and hills account for more than 80% of the total area of the province. The dense mountains and the special terrain facing the sea increase the difficulty of road engineering construction. If you want to open the road along the mountain, most of them need blasting operation.

　　There are such a group of "blasting players" at the site of the second bid blasting project of Fuzhou (State) Ping (Tan) Railway.

　　Fuzhou Minlong Railway Engineering Co., Ltd. is the only blasting operation unit in the subsidiary company of China Railway 24th Bureau Group Corporation, and also the only blasting operation unit with the first-class commercial blasting license of five major construction central enterprises in Fujian Province. About 2000 tons of explosives and 1.3 million detonators are used every year.

　　For Xu Xianfeng, deputy manager of Minlong Railway Engineering Co., Ltd., safety is a big deal.

　　"Unlike the detonators and explosives in our imagination, the detonators used now are similar to the size of ordinary ham sausages." Xu Xianfeng told reporters that in the past, "fire detonators" were used for blasting, which were easy to be detonated and had poor safety performance. Nowadays, all electronic detonators are used, and microelectronic technology, digital technology and encryption technology are applied, which is equivalent to adding multiple safety doors and coded locks to ordinary detonators.

　　Even so, there can be no slack.

　　Although the Spring Festival is approaching, there are still many people at the construction site who stick to their posts and insist on construction. Minlong implements strict ledger management for explosives, and at the same time, establishes a civil explosives safety control center to carry out safety control over the whole process of blasting operation, timely discover illegal and irregular behaviors, timely correct the deviation, and firmly grasp the weak link of "last mile" safety management.

　　"In the past five years, I have completed 78 blasting projects in complex environments and accumulated more than 20,000 times of blasting. He has participated in the blasting construction tasks of Xiasha Expressway, Jingtai Expressway, Fuping Railway, Zixing Expressway, Hanghuang Railway, Fuxia High-speed Railway, Fuzhou Metro, Xingquan Railway and Shuanglong Railway. " Xu Xianfeng said.

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Re-understanding Language —— The Position and Evidence of Cognitive Science

　[Language Forum]

　　editorial comment/note

　　Language is an important symbol that distinguishes human beings from animals. Although language is ubiquitous in daily life, we are used to it, but I am afraid ordinary people know very little about when language was born, how it should be acquired and how it will develop. From the perspective of cognitive neuroscience, this issue of Language and Characters takes you to re-understand language and understand its mystery.

　　The history of the universe is 13.8 billion years, the history of the earth is 4.6 billion years and the history of life is 4 billion years. In the long process of life evolution, there are five levels of mind and cognition from low to high: neural level, psychological level, language level, thinking level and cultural level.

　　Based on this, we can re-understand language. Among the five levels of mental and cognitive abilities, the invention of language is very important to human beings. The invention of abstract ideographic language made people eventually evolve into human beings; Language distinguishes the minds of humans and animals, thus distinguishing the cognition of humans and animals; Language forms the basis of human cognition, and forms human thinking on the basis of abstract conceptual language. Language and thinking jointly build human knowledge system and even the whole human society, and the accumulation of knowledge forms culture.

　　From nerve, psychology to language, it is mainly the result of natural evolution; From language, thinking to culture, it is entirely human construction and human spiritual creation.

　　Evolution from nerve, psychology to language.

　　Evolution of mind

　　The evolution of 3.5 billion years of life can be regarded as the evolution of mind. From the perspective of contemporary genetic science, the evolution of mind from low level to high level determines the evolution of life from low level to high level. In other words, the evolution of the mind is fundamental.

　　The oral language of human beings came into being 6 million to 4 million years ago, and it took about 2 million years for human beings to complete the evolution of abstract ideographic language. Three great events in human evolution — — Walking upright, using fire and inventing language are mainly the result of natural evolution, but also the creation and invention of human beings.

　　Genetic archaeology proves that the common ancestor of human beings is Australopithecus africanus. So, what made Australopithecus, a relatively weak ape, finally win? The answer is language. Australopithecus invented an abstract ideographic language, which can express abstract concepts. Anthropologists and linguists have proved that the more abstract a language is, the more it can coordinate a wider range of group behaviors. Therefore, the relatively weak Australopithecus, through a wider range of group behavior, wiped out other physically stronger apes and carnivores, went out of Africa and spread their genes to the world.

　　Dual evolution of brain and language

　　In the 20th century, the research on human cognition was carried out in an all-round way from the aspects of nerves, psychology, language, thinking and culture. Among them, the study of brain and neuroscience has provided important help to uncover the mystery of human language.

　　Sperry, an American psychobiologist, conducted experiments on schizencephaly for many years after 1960s, and finally figured out the specialization and division of labor between the left and right brains: the left brain is responsible for memory, time, language, judgment, arrangement, classification, logic, analysis, writing, reasoning, inhibition, five senses and so on, and the way of thinking has the characteristics of continuity, continuity and analysis. Therefore, the left brain is called conscious brain, academic brain, language brain and logical brain. The right brain is mainly responsible for spatial image memory, intuition, emotion, body coordination, visual perception, art, music rhythm, imagination, inspiration, epiphany, etc., and its thinking mode has the characteristics of disorder, jumping and intuition. So the right brain is also called instinctive brain, subconscious brain, creative brain, musical brain and artistic brain.

　　Why is the left and right brain so divided? A team study by American scholars McNilage, Rogers and Vallotti Gallas found that the division of labor between left and right brains originated 500 million years ago, much earlier than human history, and the brains of early vertebrates were already asymmetrical. The study also found that the complex division of labor between the left and right brain of human beings originated from two primary functions that vertebrate paleontology needed for survival — — Predation (attack) and prevention of predation (defense), with the evolution of vertebrates to a higher level, the left and right brains develop more complex functions, and according to the principle that the same functions evolve on the same side, various functions of the human left and right brains are developed with complex and fine division of labor.

　　Why does language function evolve in the left brain? It is found that the action of pronunciation is similar to chewing, and chewing is related to predation. Therefore, speech and language functions have evolved in the left brain. Since the 20th century, more relevant research evidence shows that the function of language is not entirely in the left brain, but also in the right brain. Specifically, syntactic processing is entirely in the left brain, because syntax is logic. Pragmatic processing is more in the right brain, because pragmatic processing is related to context, while the defense function of the right brain is related to the environment. Surprisingly, the ability of semantic processing exists in both the left and right brain, and logic and brain function are highly consistent here.

　　Animal cognition and human cognition

　　With the evolution of the mind, language is also the product of evolution. What level of mind an animal has, it will evolve a corresponding level of language. In the book Symbolic Species: Dual Evolution of Language and Brain, American anthropologist Dickon combined human evolutionary biology with neuroscience, semiotics with anthropology, regarded human as a symbolic animal, regarded language as a process of coevolution with brain, and highlighted the role of evolution in the development of language and mind.

　　Language comes from the needs of information processing and group communication. Therefore, not only human beings have languages, but also animals have languages. Human language is an ideographic symbolic language, which can express abstract concepts, which is fundamentally different from other animal languages.

　　Language also has an evolutionary history from low level to high level, and the evolution and development of language has gone through three stages in turn: body language, voice language and ideographic symbol language.

　　In the history of human evolution, the invention of symbolic language to express abstract concepts is a major event. In ancient China, it is said that Cang Xie, the historian of the Yellow Emperor, wrote a book, but "it rains and millet, and ghosts cry at night". Why is it so earth-shattering Because the invention of language finally completed human evolution, from then on, human evolution is no longer or mainly not the evolution of gene level, but the evolution of language, knowledge and culture level.

　　Construction from Language, Thinking to Culture

　　After the emergence of abstract ideographic language, human thinking with concept, judgment and reasoning as the main forms has emerged. On the basis of language and thinking, mankind has constructed a grand knowledge system and formed a discipline system including Neo-Confucianism, engineering technology, arts and humanities, and social sciences. In the end, knowledge accumulates into culture, forming a human mind and cognitive system at three levels: language, thinking and culture.

　　From language to thinking and culture, it embodies the construction and creation of human beings, in which language plays a decisive role.

　　Chomsky:

　　The linguistic revolution is no accident.

　　In 1957, the publication of Chomsky’s masterpiece Syntactic Structure marked the beginning of Chomsky’s linguistic revolution and the start of cognitive science.

　　The content and significance of Chomsky’s linguistic revolution lie in: establishing linguistic analysis methods of rationalism linguistics and psychology; Discovering human innate language ability (ILF); Discover internal language and establish universal grammar; Establish formal language and formal grammar, and establish the language analysis foundation of artificial intelligence — — Syntactic analysis. Finally, Chomsky’s rationalism linguistics and psychological linguistics forced him to find the connection between language and mind, which eventually led to the establishment of cognitive science in 1975, so Chomsky was called "the father of cognitive science".

　　It is no accident that cognitive science originated from the linguistic revolution. According to the five-level theory of human cognition, human language distinguishes human mind from animal mind, and human language forms the basis of human mind and cognition. Therefore, it is inevitable that the revolution of cognitive science takes place in the field of linguistics.

　　Wolff:

　　The dust of linguistic determinism settled.

　　Does language decide thinking, or does thinking decide language? Before the middle of the 20th century, this was a major theoretical issue. The first person who answered this question clearly was the philosopher Wittgenstein, who clearly stated in On Logical Philosophy that "my language limit is my world limit." This is the earliest "linguistic determinism".

　　In 1956, American linguist Wolff once again put forward the theory that language determines thinking, which is the famous Wolff hypothesis, that is, the view that language forms thinking. It consists of two parts: (1) Linguistic determinism refers to the view that language determines non-linguistic processes, that is, learning a language will change a person’s way of thinking. (2) Linguistic relativity means that the cognitive process determined varies from language to language, so people who speak different languages think in different ways. After this theory was put forward, there has been a major debate. Both sides have sufficient evidence to prove their views: language determines thinking or thinking determines language.

　　After the establishment of cognitive science, the debate about Wolff hypothesis finally settled: language determines thinking, and thinking affects language.

　　We can give a deductive proof of the proposition that "language determines thinking" — — According to the five-level theory of human cognition, low-level mind and cognition determine high-level mind and cognition, and high-level mind and cognition affect low-level mind and cognition; Language is the third level of mind and cognition, and thinking is the fourth level of mind and cognition; Therefore, language (cognition) determines thinking (cognition), and thinking (cognition) affects language (cognition).

　　Searle:

　　Language constructs human society.

　　Another great discovery of language research in the 20th century is that people use language (and words) to do things. People not only use language to do everything, but also use language to construct human society. These two important theoretical contributions were founded by Oxford analytical philosopher Austin and American philosopher Searle.

　　In the early 1950s, Austin successively hosted a series of lectures at Oxford University and Harvard University, and compiled the contents of the lectures into a book "How to Act by Words and Actions", and the speech act theory was born. This theory can be summarized in one sentence: Doing things by speaking is Austin’s contribution to "shaming people who have studied language in any way for 2500 years".

　　Searle inherited the speech act theory being created from his teacher Austin, and developed and perfected it. Searle established the theory of indirect speech act, and developed the philosophy of mind, social philosophy and social constructivism through the theory of intentionality — — People use language to construct society, social system facts and social reality. This is by far the most profound understanding of the human mind and the nature of language. In 2004, Searle’s comments when he won the National Presidential Medal for Humanities wrote: "Thanks to his efforts, we have a deeper understanding of the human mind. His works have formed a blueprint for modern thinking, defensive reasoning and objectiveness, and stipulated the debate about the nature of artificial intelligence. "

　　Culture and civilization

　　Looking at culture and civilization from the five levels of cognitive science, we will get different conclusions.

　　First, culture is a form of human cognition and the highest form of human cognition. The five-level theory of human cognition reveals the relationship between language, thinking and culture, which are three unique mental and cognitive abilities of human beings, and makes us more clearly understand the essence of culture.

　　Second, language and thinking form culture, and any culture can not be separated from its own language and is determined by its own language. Different languages determine different thinking above them, and the knowledge formed by language and thinking and the accumulated culture are also different. Therefore, the diversity of language forms the diversity of culture.

　　Third, Chinese culture is the product of Chinese language and Chinese national thinking accumulated for thousands of years. The essence of Chinese culture is farming culture, and its core is the thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism and culture have become the core of Chinese culture.

　　Fourth, the foundation of Chinese studies is primary school. In addition to Classic, History, Zi and Collection, Chinese studies are based on language and linguistics, including linguistics, philology, phonology, exegetics and edition bibliography, which are collectively referred to as primary schools. Mr. Zhang Taiyan said: "Those who build primary schools are the foundation of national heritage and the end of Wang Jiao’s teaching. They promote the school first, and the next one is suitable for the people, so it is not just to draw strokes and seal characters. If you lose your original, you will be very clever. "

　　Fifth, both culture and civilization are produced on the basis of language and are determined by language. Culture is "humanization" and everything created by people. Therefore, the history of culture is as long as the history of mankind. Civilization is a recent thing, which is related to the development of the city-state. Culture emphasizes the spiritual aspect of human creation, while civilization emphasizes and expresses the material aspect of human creation.

　　 (Author: Cai Shushan, Dean of guizhou minzu university Institute of Ethnic Culture and Cognitive Science, Professor of Tsinghua University Research Center for Psychology and Cognitive Science)

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Notice of the General Office of Tianjin Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan for Accelerating the Development of Affordable Rental Housing in Tianjin

General Office of Tianjin Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing Tianjin Municipality’s Acceleration

Notice on the implementation plan of developing affordable rental housing

No.7 [2022] of Tianjin Zhengban Regulation

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus:

With the consent of the Municipal People’s Government, the "Implementation Plan for Accelerating the Development of Affordable Rental Housing in Tianjin" is hereby issued to you, please implement it accordingly.

General Office of Tianjin Municipal People’s Government

May 13th, 2022

Implementation plan of accelerating the development of affordable rental housing in Tianjin

In order to further accelerate the development of affordable rental housing in this Municipality and improve the housing security system, this implementation plan is formulated in accordance with the spirit of the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Affordable Rental Housing (Guo Ban Fa [2021] No.22) and in combination with the actual situation.

I. General requirements

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, adhere to the people-centered principle, adhere to the positioning that houses are used for living, not for speculation, highlight the people’s livelihood attributes of housing, innovate the development model with the goal of improving the housing market system and housing security system in this city, expand the supply of affordable rental housing, and strive to alleviate the structural supply shortage of housing rental market. By the end of the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, a housing system with multi-subject supply, multi-channel guarantee and simultaneous rent and purchase will be basically established, which will effectively solve the outstanding housing problems in big cities and continuously meet the reasonable housing needs of the people.

Second, the basic system

(A) to strengthen the top-level design, scientific objectives.

According to the requirements of national spatial planning and functional layout, taking into account factors such as population, industry, economic development, urbanization construction, etc., scientifically formulate the development plan of affordable rental housing in the 14 th Five-Year Plan, and determine the overall goal and annual plan for the construction of affordable rental housing in the city. In accordance with the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and zoning policies, all districts should rationally plan the supply scale, spatial layout, rhythm and time sequence of affordable rental housing, determine the annual construction plan of affordable rental housing, and list the land plan of affordable rental housing separately when compiling the annual residential land supply plan.

(2) Defining the target of protection and promoting the adaptation of supply and demand.

Affordable rental housing mainly solves the housing difficulties of new citizens, young people and other groups. Those who have no self-owned housing in the rental area and those who have no formal employment in Tianjin and have no self-owned housing in the rental area can apply, focusing on ensuring sanitation, public transportation, express delivery, housekeeping and other groups engaged in basic public services. Each district is responsible for organizing the qualification identification of the security object and carrying out the construction of affordable rental housing and housing raising according to the needs of the security object in this district.

(C) strict construction standards, improve the quality of living

Affordable rental housing is divided into dormitory type and residential type, and the per capita use area of dormitory type is not less than 5 square meters; Residential type is mainly small apartment with a construction area of not more than 70 square meters, and three bedrooms can be properly configured with a construction area of not more than 100 square meters. Affordable rental housing for employees of this unit or specific objects, and the standard of apartment type can be appropriately adjusted according to actual needs. In principle, the construction scale of affordable rental housing projects is not less than 30 sets or the construction area is not less than 1,500 square meters. In accordance with the applicable standards for centralized rental housing construction, basic public service facilities are rationally allocated to increase service functions.

(D) to guide multi-party participation and expand housing channels.

Public rental housing projects in this city can be included in the management of affordable rental housing according to procedures, and the policies related to public rental housing are still strictly implemented if they are not included. City, district state-owned enterprises through a variety of ways to obtain rental housing and industrial parks, enterprises and institutions existing staff quarters, blue-collar apartments, talent apartments, and eligible self-sustaining rental housing, can apply voluntarily, after being identified by the city, district housing construction departments, into the management of affordable rental housing; Other eligible rental housing, in accordance with the principle of government guidance and voluntary application, shall be included in the management of affordable rental housing after being recognized by the municipal and district housing construction departments. Support the management institutions and enterprises of industrial parks to adopt new construction, reconstruction and other ways to increase the supply of affordable rental housing and expand the channels for raising affordable rental housing.

Third, the way of construction

The construction of affordable rental housing in this city takes population introduction, industrial development, spatial planning and other factors into consideration, and the layout is made according to the characteristics of different regions, the requirements of population size control, the development needs of industrial parks, and the convenience of rail transit. Through the transformation of existing residential houses, the renovation of non-residential housing stocks, the new construction of idle land owned by enterprises and institutions, the new construction land for collective operation, the new supporting land for industrial parks, and the new supply of state-owned construction land, the housing can be raised to guide the integration of urban residents and realize the linkage between people and land.

The central city, the core area of Binhai New Area and the built-up areas of each district can give priority to the use of existing residential houses and transform them into affordable rental houses through urban renewal. For the commercial and business districts with large demand, the way of rebuilding the surrounding non-residential stock houses can be adopted to meet the needs of the security objects.

National and municipal industrial parks in the development zones and related areas of Binhai New Area mainly use idle land owned by enterprises and institutions, supporting land for industrial parks, and collectively operated construction land around the park to build affordable rental housing to meet the living needs of employees nearby.

Each district shall, in accordance with the requirements of the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" for the development of affordable rental housing, appropriately arrange new supply of state-owned construction land to build affordable rental housing according to the demand.

Fourth, support policies

(A) land support policies

1. If the existing residential housing is converted into affordable rental housing, the original land supply method will be maintained within the original land use period, and the land price will not be paid back. Those included in the scope of urban renewal can enjoy relevant policies, and the incremental houses and vacated houses after transformation and upgrading can be used as affordable rental houses.

2. Idle and inefficient use of commercial offices, hotels, factories, warehouses, scientific research and education and other non-residential stock houses (including non-residential stock houses on collectively-operated construction land) can be applied for reconstruction into affordable rental housing on the premise of conforming to the planning principles, unchanged ownership, meeting safety requirements and respecting the wishes of the masses. During the period of being used as affordable rental housing, the nature of land use will not be changed and the land price will not be paid back. The nature of the land is Class III industrial land, Class III logistics storage land and other non-residential stock houses that do not meet the relevant provisions of the state and this Municipality, and shall not be converted into affordable rental housing.

3. The land that enterprises and institutions have obtained the right to use according to law, under the premise of conforming to the planning, unchanged ownership, meeting safety requirements and respecting the wishes of the masses, is allowed to be used for the construction of affordable rental housing, the land use is changed according to procedures, the land price is not paid back, the original land use period remains unchanged, and the original allocated land can continue to be allocated; Allow land users to build their own or cooperate with other market entities to build and operate affordable rental housing.

4. On the basis of respecting the collective wishes of farmers, explore the use of collectively operated construction land to build affordable rental housing; Support the use of urban areas, close to industrial parks or convenient transportation areas of collective construction land to build affordable rental housing; Rural collective economic organizations can build and operate affordable rental housing through self-construction, joint venture or shareholding; The right to use collectively-operated construction land for the construction of affordable rental housing can be mortgaged.

5. On the premise of ensuring safety, the upper limit of the land area for supporting the construction of administrative office and living service facilities for industrial projects in the industrial park can be increased from 7% to 15% of the total land area of the project, and the increased part is mainly used for the construction of dormitory-type affordable rental housing, and the construction of complete sets of commercial housing is strictly prohibited; Encourage the concentration of land area or construction area corresponding to the supporting proportion of industrial projects in industrial parks, and build dormitory-type affordable rental housing in a unified way.

6. Land for affordable rental housing can be supplied by means of transfer, lease or allocation, among which the rental price and adjustment method of affordable rental housing can be used as preconditions for transfer or lease, allowing the transfer price to be collected in installments.

(B) Financial support policies

Affordable rental housing and its supporting infrastructure construction projects can be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the city, apply for the central financial subsidies for affordable housing projects in cities and towns, and special support for investment in the central budget.

(3) Tax and financial support policies

The tax and financial support policies for affordable rental housing projects shall be implemented in accordance with the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Improving the Tax Policies Related to Housing Leasing (Announcement No.24 of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation, 2021), the Notice of the People’s Bank of China and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission on the Exclusion of Loans Related to Affordable Rental Housing from the Centralized Management of Real Estate Loans, and the Guiding Opinions of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Banking Insurance Institutions Supporting the Development of Affordable Rental Housing.

(4) Preferential policies for water, electricity and heat prices

For the project that has obtained the confirmation of affordable rental housing project, the water supply, power supply, gas supply and heating departments are responsible for the implementation of the water, electricity and heat charging price according to the residents’ standards during the project operation period.

(V) Provident fund support policies

Tenants of affordable rental housing who meet the requirements of this Municipality’s policy of withdrawing housing provident fund for renting houses can withdraw housing provident fund to pay rent.

(VI) Public service support policies

After applying for the residence permit in this city, the lessee of affordable rental housing enjoys the basic public services in this city, such as compulsory education for children, employment, social insurance, public health, family planning, license handling, community affairs, science and technology declaration, professional qualification evaluation, selection and commendation, and enjoys the policy of settlement of points in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Residence Permit in Tianjin.

V. Project management procedures

(A) to strengthen the management plan

According to the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" development plan of affordable rental housing, each district formulates its annual construction plan in combination with actual needs. The district housing construction department organizes relevant units to declare the project, and after the approval of the district people’s government, it will be integrated into the city’s annual plan by the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Committee and announced to the public. Each district organizes relevant departments to conduct a joint review, and after passing, issues a confirmation letter for affordable rental housing projects.

(B) improve the efficiency of examination and approval

All districts should streamline the approval items and links of affordable rental housing projects, establish a rapid approval process, and improve the efficiency of approval. According to the requirements of the reform of the examination and approval system of engineering construction projects in this Municipality, the relevant departments of each district shall handle the procedures of project establishment, land use, planning, construction and fire protection with the certificate of confirmation of affordable rental housing projects. For projects that do not involve changes in land ownership, materials such as existing land use procedures can be used as land certification documents, and land use procedures are no longer required. Explore the combination of project construction permit and construction permit into one stage. After the completion of affordable rental housing projects, the implementation of joint acceptance.

VI. Operation Management

(A) to strengthen the management of ownership

Affordable rental housing shall not be divided into registration, transfer and mortgage, and shall not be sold on the market or in disguised form. It is strictly forbidden to operate illegally or defraud preferential policies in the name of affordable rental housing. It is strictly forbidden for real estate brokers and brokers to provide subletting, selling and other brokerage services for affordable rental housing. The overall transfer of affordable rental housing projects, after the transfer of the original affordable rental housing nature and land use unchanged.

(B) strict rent management

The rent standard of affordable rental housing should be based on the principle of affordable tenants and sustainable business operation, and determined according to the rent of rental housing lower than that of the same lot and the same quality market. The rental level of market rental housing should be announced to the public regularly. City, district housing construction departments should check the implementation of affordable rental housing rent standards, in violation of the policy in accordance with the provisions of the disposal.

(C) standardize the lease behavior

The operating entity of affordable rental housing shall handle the registration of market entities according to law (except for employees of the unit or specific objects). Before the project starts to operate, it shall push the opening information through the housing rental management service platform of this Municipality, and handle the online signing and filing procedures of housing rental contracts. In principle, the lease term of affordable rental housing is not less than half a year (unless the lessee has special requirements) and not more than 3 years. If the lessee still meets the conditions at the expiration of the contract, the lease can be renewed, and if it no longer meets the conditions, it should withdraw.

(D) to strengthen community services

District housing construction departments should actively promote the implementation of professional property management for affordable rental housing projects, strengthen security, cleanliness and maintenance, and provide safe, hygienic and comfortable services. Streets (towns, parks) should bring affordable rental housing into the scope of community grid governance, give full play to the role of grassroots party organizations and grassroots autonomous organizations, strengthen the management services for rental housing and floating population, and improve the living quality and service level of affordable rental housing.

(5) Implement safety responsibilities.

The real estate owner of the affordable rental housing project shall bear the main responsibility for the safety of housing use. The operating entity shall bear the corresponding safety responsibilities according to law, and shall establish a sound system for the safe use of houses and emergency early warning and disposal of emergencies, and regularly check the safety of houses to ensure that the leased houses meet the relevant requirements of operation and maintenance management; Implement the responsibility system for fire control safety, equip with fire control facilities and equipment that meet the requirements, keep evacuation passages, safety exits and fire truck passages unblocked, and conduct regular fire control safety inspections to ensure the safety of houses.

(6) Strictly quit management.

If the affordable rental housing project rebuilt by non-residential stock houses is renewed or withdrawn at the expiration date, the property owner shall apply to the district housing construction department, and the renewal can continue to be used as affordable rental housing after the district housing construction department reports to the district people’s government for approval, and the non-residential stock houses should be restored to their original purposes when they are withdrawn at the expiration date. After the enterprises and institutions change the land use according to law, the newly-built affordable rental housing projects shall not be withdrawn in principle within the land use period. If it is really necessary to withdraw, the land shall be restored to its original use, and the house shall not be used as a residence. After the affordable rental housing project built with rural collective management construction land expires, the construction shall be carried out according to the requirements of village construction planning. Houses that have withdrawn from the affordable rental housing project will be included in the original use management by the corresponding departments, and support policies such as taxation, finance, water, electricity and heat prices will be adjusted accordingly.

VII. Safeguard measures

(1) Strengthen organization and coordination.

A leading group for the development of affordable rental housing in Tianjin was established, headed by the deputy mayor in charge of housing and urban-rural construction, with the deputy secretary-general in charge of the Municipal People’s Government, the main responsible comrades of the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Committee and the Municipal Planning and Resources Bureau as deputy heads, and the relevant municipal departments and district people’s governments as member units to promote the development of affordable rental housing in the city as a whole. The leading group consists of an office, which is located in the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee. The director of the office is the principal responsible comrade of the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, who is responsible for the daily work of the leading group, organizes regular work meetings, formulates development plans and annual plans, regularly reports the work progress of each member unit, and implements monitoring and performance evaluation. The district people’s governments are mainly responsible for the development of affordable rental housing in this district, and should establish corresponding working mechanisms to do a good job in the planning declaration, examination and determination, project approval, construction and operation, fund allocation, supervision and management of affordable rental housing projects in this district.

(2) Strengthen coordination and linkage.

City Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee plays a leading role, responsible for the preparation of the city’s annual affordable rental housing construction plan, guiding the districts to do a good job in the identification, construction, rental, operation and management of affordable rental housing projects; The Municipal Development and Reform Commission is responsible for doing a good job in the investment-related work within the central budget and clarifying the preferential price of water, electricity and heat; The Municipal Finance Bureau is responsible for the implementation of financial support policies; City Planning and Resources Bureau is responsible for planning approval, land management and other work; The Municipal Taxation Bureau is responsible for the implementation of preferential tax policies; Tianjin Branch of the People’s Bank of China, Tianjin Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau, Tianjin Securities Regulatory Bureau and Municipal Finance Bureau are responsible for implementing financial support policies; Water supply, power supply, gas supply, heating and other units shall implement relevant support policies according to their duties. Relevant departments at the municipal and district levels should strengthen policy coordination, mutual cooperation and form a joint force to ensure that all policies are put in place.

(3) Improve the platform construction

Accelerate the establishment of a basic database covering long-term rental housing, affordable housing, commercial housing and other residential houses in the city, integrate data such as population flow, land supply and community management, strengthen the housing security and real estate market management in this city with the support of informationization and big data, and promote the integrated development of housing planning, construction, management and service. Improve the city’s unified housing rental management service platform, and incorporate all kinds of rental housing such as affordable rental housing, public rental housing and market rental housing into the platform to realize intelligent management.

(4) Strengthen supervision and monitoring.

All districts should strengthen the supervision and inspection of affordable rental housing projects, and implement "double random and open" supervision. In case of providing false materials, changing the use of affordable rental housing in violation of regulations, and failing to implement the rent standard of affordable rental housing, the relevant departments of the district can take measures such as ordering correction within a time limit, incorporating credit supervision, and canceling preferential prices for water, electricity and heat in accordance with relevant regulations. Establish a monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the development of affordable rental housing, and evaluate the completion of construction plans, establishment of working mechanisms and strict supervision and management in each district on an annual basis.

Attachment: Confirmation Letter of Affordable Rental Housing Project

attachment

Confirmation of affordable rental housing project

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Ministry of Transport： Coordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation and transportation service guarantee of comprehensive transportation in Spring Festival travel rush in 2023.

CCTV News:According to WeChat official account, the Ministry of Transport, on January 4th, the Spring Festival travel rush Work Class of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a video conference on Spring Festival travel rush in 2023 in the Ministry of Transport, to dispatch and deploy the work preparations of Spring Festival travel rush in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and to guide all localities to make overall plans for the prevention and control of Spring Festival travel rush epidemic situation and transportation service guarantee in 2023, so as to ensure people’s safe, healthy, convenient and smooth travel and ensure smooth transportation and logistics.

Li Xiaopeng, Minister of Transportation, pointed out that to do a good job in Spring Festival travel rush in 2023, transportation organization is the core, smooth transportation and logistics is the foundation, epidemic prevention and control is the key, safe production is the bottom line, people’s satisfaction is the foundation, and organization and leadership are the guarantee. First, we must make great efforts in transportation organization, guide the public to travel rationally at wrong peaks, ensure orderly self-driving travel, ensure people’s travel in rural areas, do a good job in resolving large passenger flows, and make every effort to ensure people’s orderly travel at wrong peaks. Second, we must work hard on smooth and efficient, do our best to ensure the terminal service of postal express delivery, and fully ensure the stable and orderly transportation of key materials such as medicine, electricity and coal. Third, we must work hard on scientific accuracy, strictly implement optimized prevention and control measures, effectively protect employees, and make every effort to prevent and deal with the infection of transportation employees. Fourth, we should work hard on prevention and response, strengthen ideological preparation, facilities and equipment preparation, personnel preparation, strengthen the prevention and disposal of production safety accidents, and make every effort to ensure the stability of production safety situation in Spring Festival travel rush. Fifth, we should make great efforts in dedicated service, improve the whole-process travel experience of passengers, focus on strengthening the services of key groups, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of passengers, and fully guarantee the comfort and satisfaction of the people. Sixthly, we should make great efforts to concentrate our efforts, establish and improve the working mechanism, implement the territorial responsibility, strengthen the publicity and guidance of public opinion, and go all out to strengthen the work organization and leadership of Spring Festival travel rush.

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Low-torque and powerful, with engine braking, Hanma is powerful.

Low-torque and powerful, with engine braking, Hanma is powerful.

[Truck House Original] mentioned that maybe everyone’s first feeling is that this car company is quite low-key, and there is not much news about it. In fact, valin star horse is a technology-oriented enterprise. Although it is not as big as Sinotruk, Sinotruk and Heavy Duty Truck, it is one of the few automobile enterprises in China that pay attention to independent research and development, and has its own key assembly parts. In particular, its series of engines are not lost to other domestic counterparts in terms of technical indicators.

Because of valin star horse’s consistent low-key style, many people are interested in it
Not very well. But it doesn’t matter. Today, I will introduce these low-key and mysterious domestic engines to you.

● 9.8-11.8 Two kinds of displacement power cover 270-480 horsepower.

Hanma Power is a heavy-duty vehicle engine with completely independent intellectual property rights, which is developed by valin star horse in accordance with market demand and in conjunction with world-class R&D institutions. From the very beginning, R&D paid great attention to the increasingly stringent emission regulations, which can meet the national five emission regulations at present.

Low-torque and powerful, with engine braking, Hanma is powerful.

Hammar power engine is divided according to displacement. At present, there are two different versions, namely, CM6D18 with 9.8-liter displacement and CM6D28 with 11.8-liter displacement. The power covers two power sections, namely, 270-420 and 320-480 horsepower. This displacement and power is the most commonly used range of domestic, domestic and engineering vehicles. It can be said that the market positioning of Hanma power engine is very accurate.

Low-torque and powerful, with engine braking, Hanma is powerful.

From the structural point of view, the engine of HAMA Power adopts the design of rear gear room, four valves, integral cylinder head and single overhead camshaft. This design is the most advanced and popular in the world at present, representing the highest technical level.

Low-torque and powerful, with engine braking, Hanma is powerful.

In addition, Hanma Power’s engine also has the characteristics of low speed and large torque. The 9.8-liter displacement CM6D18 engine can output a super torque of 1250N.m at 800 rpm. In addition, this engine with a displacement of less than 10 liters can output a maximum torque of 1750N.m; The 11.8-liter displacement CM6D28 engine can output a torque of 1680N.m at 800 rpm, and the maximum torque can be 2250N.m, which is comparable to many 13-liter displacement models.

Low body is famous brand B10 life of 1.5 million kilometers.

It’s not enough to have impeccable power performance, because truck engines pay more attention to reliability. It is understood that the service life of these two engines B10 of Hanma Power can reach 1.5 million kilometers. I think it has a lot to do with its "famous brand" accessories.

Low-torque and powerful, with engine braking, Hanma is powerful.

What famous brand accessories do you have? Let me take an inventory. Winter cylinder block and cylinder head in freese, Germany, Unita belt and tensioner, Tyco in-cylinder wire harness, in-cylinder brake in the United States, Bosch starter and high-pressure fuel system in Germany, double-cylinder air compressor, Patel Laifa, Hansen torsional shock absorber in Germany, Honeywell turbocharger in the United States, ThyssenKrupp crankshaft in Germany, American valves, Federal-Mogul and Mahler pistons in the United States, front and rear crankshafts in Enfu, Camaxi high-strength bolts in Germany, and Manhummel filter in Germany. This configuration lineup is very strong, and it can be called one of the most luxurious models among domestic engines.Low-torque and powerful, with engine braking, Hanma is powerful.

Safety has always been the focus of everyone’s attention, and Hanma Power is no exception. Perhaps careful card friends have seen that the list of high-quality suppliers includes in-cylinder braking of American Cobo, which is commonly known as engine braking. This braking system can make the engine of Hanma Power achieve 360 horsepower braking power at 1900 rpm. Powerful braking power is enough to make a fully loaded truck go downhill safely without the help of a sprinkler, saving money, saving trouble and being safe.

● Gas engine is comparable to diesel engine as standard engine braking.

In recent years, natural gas vehicles have quickly become the darling of the market with the characteristics of environmental protection and low fuel cost, so many domestic manufacturers have developed their own gas engines. Of course, valin star horse is no exception. At present, Hanma Power has two gas models, namely CM6T18 with a displacement of 9.8 liters and a maximum of 350 horsepower. And CM6T28 with a displacement of 11.8 liters and a maximum of 410 horsepower.

Low-torque and powerful, with engine braking, Hanma is powerful.

They are all products developed on the basis of CM6D18 and CM6D28 diesel engines. Like diesel engines, B10 has a life of 1.5 million kilometers, and engine braking is also standard. The model of gas engine with engine braking standard is very rare in China, which shows that Hanma Power attaches importance to safety.

Low-torque and powerful, with engine braking, Hanma is powerful.

Another feature of Hanma power gas engine is its large torque, which can even be compared with other brands of 380 horsepower diesel engines on the market at present. The output torque is as high as 1350N.m at 800 rpm, which completely changes people’s cognition of low-speed torque shortage of gas engines.

Judging from these parameters and configuration, the engine of Hanma Power has entered the ranks of advanced engines in China. Whether it is dynamic, reliable or safe, it is a very trustworthy high-end power. We have reason to believe that a national brand that pays attention to independent research and development like valin star horse will surely go further in the future market! (Text/Ren Haijun)

● Related reading:

Four-axle chassis is only over 8 tons? Valin airbag 8×2 replaces 8×4.

Valin i-box intelligent management system for intelligent control and fuel consumption reduction

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In the past three years, there were 44,998 fires during the Spring Festival. We should pay attention to these ＂small things＂.

　　Reasons for concern

　　According to the statistics of the fire department, the Spring Festival is a fire-prone period. On this festive day, how can we avoid tragedy?

　　□ Our reporter Chen Lei

　　As the Spring Festival approaches, Li Ping, who lives in a residential area in Chaoyang District, Beijing, is increasingly worried. During the Spring Festival holiday this year, Li Ping will go back to his hometown. There is no one living in Beijing, but the fire safety awareness of individual neighbors is worrying.

　　Li Ping’s worries are not without reason.

　　According to statistics released by the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security, the reporter of Legal Daily reported that during the Spring Festival holiday in the past three years, there were 44,998 fires and 136 people died.

　　Some people in the fire protection industry told the reporter of Legal Daily that they found in the fire protection work that the Spring Festival was a period of high fire incidence, but there were still many "shortcomings" in the fire safety awareness of some urban and rural residents.

　　There are many fire hazards during the Spring Festival.

　　In the past two days, a "Spring Festival Safety Tip" was posted at the entrance of each unit building in Li Ping’s community to remind everyone to pay attention to fire prevention and theft during the Spring Festival.

　　This was posted by the staff of the residential property company, which said that the Spring Festival is the most relaxing time for everyone, and relaxation is easy to make people feel numb and cause safety accidents. For example, fire prevention, the property company requires residents to clean up the debris in the stairwell, "clean up the debris and clear the way, and you can run quickly in case of fire."

　　But Li Ping found that the neighbors turned a blind eye to this.

　　Li Ping’s residential area was built in the mid-1990s, and she lives in one of the 18-storey towers. "Basically, the stairwell of each floor is piled with sundries, including bicycles, old furniture, broken glass, and decoration garbage. Some floors can’t pass people." Li Ping told the reporter of Legal Daily.

　　The sundries in residential buildings are just the tip of the iceberg of fire hazards during the Spring Festival.

　　According to Wang Ming, the general manager of Beijing Dexin Yingxiang Fire Technology Service Co., Ltd., the Spring Festival can be described as a period of high fire incidence.

　　The reason for this is that Wang Ming has been engaged in fire control work for more than ten years. He once served as the chief of the fire investigation department of the Chaoyang District Fire Brigade in Beijing, and he is very familiar with the fire situation during the Spring Festival.

　　"Fireworks and firecrackers, improper use of household appliances, and failure to turn off gas in time are all causes of fires during the Spring Festival." Wang Ming said.

　　"Setting off fireworks and firecrackers is the first choice for many urban and rural residents to celebrate the Spring Festival, but improper setting off fireworks and firecrackers can easily lead to fires, causing unnecessary casualties and heavy property losses." Wang Ming said, therefore, when buying fireworks and firecrackers, you should go to regular sales outlets, and store fireworks and firecrackers away from fire sources, heat sources and power sources. When setting off fireworks and firecrackers, you should operate them in the right way, set them off at designated places, away from shopping malls, markets and other places where people are concentrated and flammable and combustible materials. For places where fireworks and firecrackers are allowed to be set off, the setting place of the residential property must be more than 30 meters away from the external wall of the building, and the setting place must not be set within 30 meters of the high-rise building.

　　During the Spring Festival, family reunion is also the peak of electricity consumption, and it is easy to cause fire if you don’t pay attention to the safety of electricity use. Wang Ming said that when people use electrical equipment such as ipad, mobile phones and electric heaters, they should check the circuits in their homes in time, repair and replace aging wires, and prevent short circuits, excessive contact resistance or overload from causing fires due to aging lines, bare wires, loose connectors and random connections.

　　"Frying and cooking during the Spring Festival is the peak period of fire use. It is necessary to check gas cookers and pipelines in time to prevent gas leakage; If you go out to visit relatives and friends and there is no one at home for a long time, you must turn off the natural gas valve before leaving; After using gas, be sure to close the valves on the gas stove and gas pipeline in time. Don’t go out when cooking porridge. Be sure to turn off the fire when going out. " Wang Ming said.

　　There are fire accidents every Spring Festival.

　　During the Spring Festival, setting off fireworks, using household appliances, frying and cooking with fire may seem trivial, but a little carelessness will lead to a fire. This is not alarmist — — There are not a few fires during the Spring Festival holiday in the last three years.

　　On New Year’s Eve in 2015, a child in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province caused a fire by setting off fireworks.

　　The accident happened at 19 o’clock on the same day, which was the time for people to have a reunion dinner. There was a constant sound of fireworks and firecrackers outside. Suddenly, a residential building in Nantoucheng Community of Nantou Sub-district Office in Nanshan District was full of smoke, and soon an open flame several meters high emerged.

　　After the accident, fire officers and soldiers rushed to the scene, and after about an hour, the fire was completely extinguished.

　　"The fire went out, but the festive atmosphere of the New Year’s Eve was ruined, especially for people in the same building and nearby. Not only did everyone not have a good reunion dinner, but they were also scared all night and strongly condemned those who set off fireworks and firecrackers." A neighbor said.

　　According to the relevant personnel of Nantou Street, according to the preliminary investigation by the relevant departments, the fire was caused by children setting off fireworks and firecrackers. There were 6 floors of residential buildings with accidents, and the fire was on the fifth floor. Fortunately, no one lived on the two floors at that time, causing no casualties.

　　During the Spring Festival of 2016, a resident of Tianmen Garden, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, caused a fire by setting off fireworks and firecrackers. The fire destroyed a bicycle, a battery car and a motorcycle, and some carton foams were burned.

　　… …

　　According to the data of the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security, the Legal Daily reporter calculated that during the Spring Festival holiday in the past three years, there were 44,998 fires and 136 people died.

　　During the Spring Festival holiday from 00: 00 on February 18 to 12: 00 on February 24, 2015, there were 15,742 fires in China, with 44 deaths and 17 injuries. There was no fire accident with more than 5 deaths.

　　During the Spring Festival holiday from 0: 00 on February 7 to 12: 00 on the 13th, 2016, there were 15,640 fires in China, with 53 deaths and 23 injuries. Compared with the same period of last year, the number of fires decreased slightly, and there was no fire accident with more than 5 deaths.

　　During the Spring Festival holiday from 0: 00 on January 27th to 12: 00 on February 2nd, 2017, there were 13,796 fires and 39 people died.

　　The fire safety situation during the Spring Festival this year is also not optimistic. After Laba, there have been many fires all over the country.

　　In the early morning of January 24th, a fire in a hotel was put out in jurong city, Jiangsu Province. However, four people trapped in the fire site inhaled smoke and harmful substances, resulting in two deaths and two injuries.

　　In the early morning of January 30th, an old two-story residential building caught fire in Tongchuan Village, Gaohu Town, qingtian county City, Zhejiang Province. When fire officers and soldiers arrived at the scene, the residential building was completely swallowed up by the fire from top to bottom and the roof collapsed.

　　At 3 o’clock in the morning, an electric car store in Da ‘an District, Zigong City, Sichuan Province caught fire. After on-site inspection by the public security fire department, four people in the store were killed.

　　Raise the national fire awareness according to law.

　　"Fire not only makes money, but also harms people’s lives. It is no exaggeration to compare fire to a robber who kills and sets fire to all evils." Wang Ming said, but there are still many people who don’t know enough about fire safety. Especially during the Spring Festival, the "short board" of fire safety awareness of some urban and rural residents is more prominent.

　　For example, the Fire Protection Law stipulates that no unit or individual may occupy, block or close evacuation passages, fire exits and fire truck passages. In practice, residents often pile up sundries in the corridor and block the evacuation passage. Once the corridor catches fire, people will have no way to escape.

　　Wang Ming once remembered that three residents were killed in a fire accident that killed three people.

　　The residential building has 6 floors in total. When the first floor was renovated, the sofas and mattresses were stacked in the corridor, which affected everyone’s walking. Some residents were very dissatisfied with this and lit the sundries, causing a fire.

　　At that time, there was a family of three on the sixth floor, and they ran out of the corridor immediately after finding the fire. As a result, they were blocked in the corridor by the fire and died of inhaling smoke.

　　Wang Ming believes that the promulgation and implementation of the fire protection law provides a legal basis for the development of fire protection work in China, but only legal provisions are not enough. As urban and rural residents, they must have corresponding fire safety awareness and knowledge.

　　"A thief who steals for three days is not poor, but burns it all down." Therefore, Wang Ming suggested that fire prevention in the Spring Festival must start from everyone. In addition to paying more attention to setting off fireworks, using household appliances and gas, hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, bazaars, stations and other crowded places have fire hazards, and more attention should be paid to fire safety.

　　"During the Spring Festival, people will often go out for parties, outings, shopping, and temple fairs, and they will also frequently go in and out of hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, stations and other places. When entering the above places, they must pay attention to fire safety and the location of evacuation passages. In case of an emergency, they can flee nearby; The above places should also implement the fire safety management system, strengthen fire training and prepare for duty to prevent fire accidents. " Wang Ming said.

　　In addition, Wang Ming also specifically mentioned that during the Spring Festival, primary and secondary school students are on holiday at home. Parents should not leave their children alone at home, but also tell them not to play with fire, otherwise a slight carelessness will cause a fire. Children should be taught basic fire safety knowledge.

　　The Fire Protection Law stipulates that people’s governments at all levels should organize regular fire protection publicity and education to raise citizens’ awareness of fire safety.

　　In addition, according to "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Fire Law" and "Measures for the Implementation of Fire Safety Responsibility System" (No.87 document of the State Council General Office), education, radio and television, industry, youth and women and other organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions have the obligation to organize and carry out fire prevention publicity and education according to law.

　　Wang Ming suggested that in order to raise the awareness of fire safety of the whole people in accordance with the law, relevant implementation rules can be formulated according to the Fire Protection Law, so as to ensure that the statutory obligations of organizing fire prevention publicity and education stipulated in the Fire Protection Law are implemented and reduce the occurrence of fire accidents. For those who fail to perform their legal obligations, the fire law enforcement organs must punish them according to law, and timely urge the responsible departments or units to make rectification within a time limit through legal procedures to prevent disasters.

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Energy production in July 2021： 30.18 million tons of imported coal increased by 15.6% year on year.

　　Cctv newsAccording to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, in July, the year-on-year decline of raw coal production in industrial enterprises above designated size narrowed, crude oil production was basically stable, the growth rate of natural gas production slowed down, and the growth rate of electricity production accelerated. Based on July 2019, the average growth rate of raw coal production decreased in two years, the growth of crude oil production remained stable, and the production of natural gas and electricity increased rapidly.

　　I. Production of raw coal, crude oil and natural gas and related information

　　The decline in raw coal production narrowed. In July, the production of raw coal was 310 million tons, down by 3.3% year-on-year, with a decrease of 1.7 percentage points from last month and a decrease of 6.9% from the same period in 2019, with an average decrease of 3.5% in two years and an average daily output of 10.13 million tons. Imported coal was 30.18 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 15.6%.

　　1— In July, 2.26 billion tons of raw coal was produced, up 4.9% year-on-year, up 4.8% over the same period in 2019, with an average growth of 2.4% in two years; Imported coal was 169.74 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 15.0%.

　　The comprehensive transaction price of port coal continues to rise. On July 30th, the comprehensive transaction prices of 5500 kcal, 5000 kcal and 4500 kcal thermal coal in Qinhuangdao Port were 845 yuan, 773 yuan and 686 yuan per ton, respectively, which were higher than those in 26 yuan, 34 yuan and 38 yuan on June 25th.

　　The production of crude oil grew steadily, and the processing capacity changed from rising to falling. In July, it produced 16.87 million tons of crude oil, up 2.5% year-on-year, up 3.1% compared with the same period in 2019, with an average increase of 1.5% in two years and an average daily output of 544,000 tons. 59.06 million tons of crude oil was processed, down 0.9% year-on-year, up 11.4% compared with the same period in 2019, with an average growth rate of 5.6% in two years, with an average daily processing of 1.905 million tons.

　　1— In July, 116.21 million tons of crude oil was produced, up by 2.4% year-on-year, up by 3.9% compared with the same period in 2019, with an average increase of 1.9% in two years. 412.41 million tons of crude oil was processed, up 8.9% year-on-year, up 11.4% over the same period in 2019, with an average growth rate of 5.5% in two years.

　　The decline in crude oil imports narrowed and international crude oil prices fluctuated at a high level. In July, 41.24 million tons of crude oil was imported, down 19.6% year-on-year; 1— In July, imported crude oil was 301.83 million tons, down 5.6% year-on-year. On July 30th, the spot FOB price of Brent crude oil was $77.72/barrel, up 1.0% from $76.94/barrel on June 30th.

　　The growth rate of natural gas production slowed down. In July, the production of natural gas was 15.8 billion cubic meters, up 9.8% year-on-year. The growth rate dropped by 3.3 percentage points from last month and increased by 15.1% compared with the same period in 2019, with an average growth rate of 7.3% in two years and an average daily output of 510 million cubic meters.

　　1— In July, 120.2 billion cubic meters of natural gas was produced, up 10.7% year-on-year, up 21.2% over the same period in 2019, with an average growth of 10.1% in two years.

　　Natural gas imports grew rapidly. In July, 9.34 million tons of natural gas was imported, a year-on-year increase of 27.0%. 1— In July, 68.96 million tons of natural gas was imported, a year-on-year increase of 24.0%.

　　Second, the power production situation

　　Power production accelerated. In July, the power generation was 758.6 billion kWh, up 9.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2.2 percentage points higher than that of last month and 11.7% higher than that of the same period in 2019, with an average growth rate of 5.7% in two years and an average daily power generation of 24.47 billion kWh. 1— In July, power generation was 4,645 billion kWh, up 13.2% year-on-year, up 12.2% over the same period in 2019, with an average growth of 5.9% in two years.

　　In terms of varieties, in July, thermal power, nuclear power and wind power all grew rapidly, the decline of hydropower narrowed, and solar power generation fell slightly. Among them, thermal power increased by 12.7% year-on-year, with July 2019 as the base period, with an average increase of 5.8% in two years; Hydropower decreased by 4.3%, with an average increase of 0.8% in two years; Nuclear power increased by 14.4%, with an average growth of 10.5% in two years; Wind power increased by 25.4%, with an average growth of 24.3% in two years; Solar power generation increased by 12.1%, with an average growth of 5.5% in two years.

　　annotations

　　1. Interpretation of indicators

　　Daily average product output: it is calculated by dividing the total output of industrial enterprises above designated size announced in the current month by the calendar days of that month.

　　2. Statistical scope

　　The statistical caliber of output data in the report is all industries above designated size, and its statistical scope is industrial enterprises with annual main business income of more than 20 million yuan.

　　Because the scope of industrial enterprises above designated size changes every year, in order to ensure that the data of this year is comparable to that of the previous year, the number of the same period used to calculate the year-on-year growth rate of various indicators such as product output is consistent with the statistical scope of enterprises in this period, and there are caliber differences with the data published last year.

　　3. Data sources

　　Import data comes from the General Administration of Customs, of which July data is news data; Coal price data comes from China coal market network; Crude oil price data comes from us energy information administration (EIA).

　　4. Conversion relationship of natural gas units: 1 ton is about 1380 cubic meters.

　　5. The two-year average growth rate refers to the growth rate calculated by geometric average method based on the corresponding number of the same period in 2019.

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