分类归档 ee

At the end of the year, it has been a Chinese custom for thousands of years to pursue the future cautiously and reunite with the family. It’s just that the taste of the year is getting thinner and thinner in the metropolis, and the unique ceremony and attention have become superstitions. For the older generation, there is still some interest in childhood memories; Young people who struggle outside find themselves constantly wavering between competitive pressure and customs, and their belief in going home for the New Year is no longer so strong; For younger children, the Chinese New Year is almost the same as usual, nothing more than eating a good meal and receiving a lot of lucky money. For what is lost, we can only look for it in the past. If we want to find the pure flavor of the year, we have to look at it in the writer’s pen.

Send the kitchen god

In the old days, children were probably given a holiday on the 19th of the twelfth lunar month, in order to spend the next year with their families on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. This year is very similar to the rehearsal of the new year. According to common sense, there are many vendors buying maltose in the streets these days, which is said to be used in king of people. Lao She wrote clearly in "The Spring Festival in Beijing", "Every family in king of people started to ring as soon as it wiped black firecrackers. With the sound of guns, the paper image of the kitchen king was incinerated, and it was euphemistically called sending the kitchen king to heaven. A few days ago, there were more or less people selling maltose and glutinous rice sugar on the street, and the sugar shape was either rectangular or melon-shaped. According to the old saying: if there is sugar sticking to the mouth of the kitchen king, he will not report the bad things in his family to the jade emperor when he gets to heaven. "

Obviously, king of people’s experience left children with an unforgettable experience. Many writers think of the Chinese New Year and never forget to mention it. However, Lao She ate the flavor of Beijing, while Chen Zhongshi found the flavor of Shaanxi. "On the 23rd night of the twelfth lunar month, it was the day of offering sacrifices to the kitchen god. According to folklore, on this night, the kitchen god will return to heaven to report the food and clothing on earth, and every family will make a small round cake with five flavors, which will take him a long way to heaven for dry food and curry favor with him. That night, the spiced round cakes baked in the first pot were first presented to the hanging statue of the kitchen god. I was so greedy that I grabbed the remaining round cakes and bit them. I ate steamed buns with corn flour all winter. This spiced round cake baked with pure white flour is not to mention how fragrant it is. " ("Chinese New Year: Guns of Dreams in Hometown")

After the twenty-first day of the twelfth lunar month, every household entered a tense preparatory stage, and the year ended in near you. There are two things that are most important, one is to clean the house, that is, to clean it up, and at the same time, to count the best things in the house. The second is to prepare new year’s goods, because according to the old custom, all shops should rest before the fifth day, and no knives should be used at home, otherwise it is unlucky. Liang Shiqiu described it well. "Every family is busy taking out the tin incense burner, tin wax label, tin fruit bowl and tin saucer from the cobweb-dusted box for an annual big scrub. Palace lanterns, gauze lanterns and horn lanterns are all out of the cage. New year’s goods should also be prepared as early as possible, including dry goods used in the kitchen, dried apples used to worship the gods and ancestors, peony daffodils provided in the house, and mixed food for children. Honey supply has been ordered in Baiyun Temple for a long time, and it will be delivered to the door in a bowl of paper baskets. The size of the home, going in and out, is like a wind demon. " (See "The Year of Beiping")

family reunion during the Spring Festival

Before the League Year, we need to worship our ancestors first. There are many ambiguities among different writers about ancestor worship. Full of critical spirit, for example, Ba Jin refers to it as a feudal patriarchal tradition in "Home". "Lights are hung in the hall, and red satin embroidered screens are hung on the wooden walls on both sides. The portraits of ancestors who lie high in the box are also taken out and hung on the wall in the middle in turn to enjoy this annual offering. " The old and young in Gao Mansion are listed in front of the shrine according to the male left and female right, and then the old man is invited to take the lead in greeting his ancestors. After worshipping his ancestors, each room kowtows to the old man, followed by the children to their parents and servants to their masters. The hierarchy is strictly distinct.

On the other hand, Liang Shiqiu is obviously better at capturing the interest of life. He looked at the whole process with trepidation like a child, only to find that everyone was thinking about the table of New Year’s Eve. Even the portraits of ancestors are vivid. "ancestor worship is one of the climaxes of the new year. Images of ancestors hung above the hall, all of them were in their seventies and eighties, some were grinning and some were glaring, enjoying steaming amid cigarette smoke. In fact, at this time, the dutiful son and grandson kowtowed like garlic, but for some reason, they didn’t mean to pursue the distance cautiously, but everyone was busy with offering sacrifices, burning incense, lighting candles and kowtowing, followed by withdrawing sacrifices and eating New Year’s Eve dinner, so it was too late to pursue the distance cautiously.

When it comes to New Year’s Eve dinner, everyone writes one after another, one is more wonderful than the other, and the other is more attractive. Liang Shiqiu and Wang Zengqi both wrote about the year of Beijing. The dishes of the former look rougher but have Beijing flavor. "Eating is the main program of Chinese New Year. New year’s dishes are standardized, and every family is the same. People with a large population should go into the whole pig, even take the pig’s head into the water and deal with it separately. A pot of stew, plus a bowl of mushrooms, plus a bowl of vermicelli, plus a bowl of yam, a large basin of mustard mound, fish jelly, hot sauce with meat skin, a jar of pickled cabbage, mustard bumps-enough. "

Wang Lao’s description is even more mouth-watering. He talked about pickled mustard. "In winter, pickled mustard. Pickling’ spicy vegetables’-Chinese cabbage is dried to remove water, pickled with mustard, and opened in the New Year. The color is as light as gold, and the spicy taste is very fragrant. I have never eaten such delicious pickles since I left my hometown. " (My Grandparents)

He also spent a lot of time describing the extreme delicacy of the New Year’s Eve dinner, and even the millet porridge was so sweet that it was amazing. "Eat jiaozi during the Spring Festival, than households. Some old Beijingers are vegetarian in jiaozi, and take vegetables, fried cakes and Kaoru Miki diced as stuffing to make them fresh and refreshing. Beginning of spring eats spring cakes every day. Shred shallot (raw), green leek or covered leek (stir-fried), mung bean sprouts, water radish, sauced meat, sauced chicken and sauced duck, scrambled eggs, add less sweet flour sauce, and roll them with lotus leaf thin cakes. Everything has its own flavor, which is not confused, and it is extremely fragrant and beautiful, which is called’ five spicy dishes’. Shredded radish is essential. Beginning of spring eats radish, which is called "biting spring". It is poetic to bite in spring. When the cake is almost full, drink a bowl of stick slag porridge or millet porridge, which is called’ slip seam’, such as building a wall and grouting. " ("Four Seasons")

There is also a beautiful custom, which is probably the midnight snack on New Year’s Eve. The filial daughter-in-law will put a mark on the old man’s jiaozi and put coins in it to show good luck in the coming year to win the joy of her parents-in-law. Mo Yan wrote in "The Past Years" that "jiaozi was wrapped in money at night. My family used to wrap copper coins in the Qing Dynasty, but jiaozi, who wrapped copper coins, had a strong patina that could not be swallowed, which was equivalent to wasting a precious jiaozi, and later switched to coins. Now that I think about it, the coin is also badly dirty … Some filial daughters-in-law marked the dumpling skin when they wrapped jiaozi during the day, and when they filled jiaozi at night, they filled their in-laws’ bowls with money, so as to win the joy of the old man. One year, in order to eat jiaozi with money, I ate three bowls at a time, but the money was not eaten. As a result, my stomach was broken and I almost died. "

temple fair

On New Year’s Day, men often visit relatives and friends and pay New Year greetings everywhere. And women have been busy for a whole year, and finally they can put down their housework and go out. Of course, the shops are closed, but many monasteries inside and outside the city are open. Business-minded vendors can set up stalls outside the temple and earn a small sum of money. Some buy buy antiques and jades, some show variety, and some prepare some special food in winter.

Lao She is an authentic Beijinger. He directly told the readers that "the Dazhong Temple outside the North City, the Baiyun Temple outside the West City, and the Fire Temple (Factory Dian) in the South City are the most famous … Except for a small hole in the door of the oil and salt shop, the shops are all on the board, and there are often gongs and drums ringing, pounding and knocking, and it is said that the guys are there to vent their accumulated grievances for a year. The girls and kannika nimtragol are all out, and the mothers in Sanhe County have put a trembling red velvet flower in their heads. Where there are big girls and little wives out there, there are more hairy boys crawling around. So the factory was packed, and there was nothing to see in Haiwang Village except a few open-air teahouses and children with runny noses, but the entrance could crowd people to death! The antique jade stall in the Temple of Fire and the bookstall and painting shed in the Land Temple are much more busy than buying things. It’s sunny and snowy, and the streets are muddy. When the cool wind blows, the water drops into ice, and people roll in the snow and ice, so they are as sweet as a clam. Drink bean juice, and you’ll get pickled vegetables, glass horns and big sand geese’, which still has enough temptation for everyone. In addition, such as the Temple of Wealth, Baiyun Temple and Yonghe Palace, people are crowded and people look at people. When you go, your nose and ears will be red with cold. "

If you like playing mahjong, you can also go to the eight hutongs. The original gambling ban was lifted even before the Lantern Festival. "There are excellent dominoes, hardwood tables and beautiful women. However, during the Chinese New Year, almost every family gambles, pushing Pai Jiu, Zhuang Yuanhong, and yelling for six, Xian Yi, young and old. " (Lao She’s Spring Festival in Beijing)

Burn a lamp

For children, perhaps the most anticipated thing in the New Year is firecrackers. According to the calendar, from the first day to the twelfth day, it is called "sending lights", and from the thirteenth to the fifteenth day, it is called "burning lights", and burning lights has become a small competition for fireworks. In front of us, we talked more about the Spring Festival in the north, so we might as well look back at Shen Congwen, a talented person in western Hunan.

The firecrackers simply became a symbol of courage. "As usual, I with urchin qualification, and hundreds of size urchin, follow the team everywhere, and everyone in the fireworks to kill. Those who play with lights should not only rely on strength, but also be brave. To show that the hero is fearless, every time the fireworks in the stadium rise, the white light pours down several feet, and some of them roar like thunder. However, these people have to go into battle shirtless as usual, regardless of whether it’s "thunderbolt" or "tiger coming down the mountain". We are too young to participate in such strenuous activities, so we can only cheer while we are busy. Because we can always follow the team, the horses don’t stray, until it is almost white, and everyone is burned out and exhausted. The team was accompanied by an old fisherman and a clam shell essence. As usual, the clam shell essence chose a handsome boy of 12 or 13 years old to act as it. The old fisherman’s white beard and white hair were all in their original shape, which was ridiculous. "

Of course, girls also like to play. Perhaps everyone still has some impressions of Bing Xin’s favorite "Didi Jin", because it is the most reassuring fireworks for parents. "It’s just that I can’t squeeze into their band! I can only set off some firecrackers that my father bought for us during the day and some fireworks at night. The big one is put on the ground in a tube, and the fire tree and silver flowers are very bright! My favorite is the smallest and simplest’ Didi Jin’. It’s a small paper twist with a little gunpowder, which can be lit in your hand and sniffed, and a little spark will burst out. " (Spring Festival in Childhood)

Ba Jin also saw the social suffering behind "burning lamps". Most people who play dragon lanterns are lean laborers, but they become cruel victims in the carnival of everyone. The bearers took turns to "shoot fireworks at the naked upper body of the dragon lantern player." Burning these people "has changed the color of their flesh", but the cheerful audience did not give up, but continued to "burn desperately" with fireworks. Chueh-hui couldn’t help asking, "Do you think a person should base his happiness on the suffering of others? Do you think you can burn other people’s bodies with fireworks as long as you pay? "

Some of the above customs, dishes and fastidiousness about the Chinese New Year are outdated, perhaps disgusting, while others are sadly disappearing. But it is important to let people give the best expectation for life in a specific ceremony at the moment when the old and the new are alternating, to relive the acquaintance with the really important people, and to remember the hidden and forgotten interest in life itself.

　　CCTV News:On the surface, the constantly fermenting trade war has caused the alliance between the United States and Europe to fall to a rare low point for many years; But in reality, it is not just trade that affects transatlantic relations. The US media recently broke the news that Trump has asked the Pentagon to study the possibility of withdrawing troops from Germany. You know, Germany is the base camp of the US military in Europe.

　　The Washington Post recently quoted people familiar with the matter as saying that with the increasingly tense relationship between US President Trump and German Chancellor Angela Merkel, the US Department of Defense is analyzing the cost of stationing troops in Germany and the possible impact of withdrawing troops from Germany.

　　According to US media reports, earlier this year, when Trump met with senior White House officials and military aides, he learned that the number of American troops stationed in Germany was as high as 35,000 — — In this regard, Trump expressed surprise and then expressed his willingness to withdraw troops.

　　How important is Germany to the US military? Three key words may give an intuitive explanation:

　　Keyword 1 — — "brain"

　　At present, united states european command is located in Stuttgart in southern Germany, responsible for commanding and coordinating all American troops in the European theater; In addition, the US Air Force Command in Europe is located at Ramstein Base in southwest Germany — — This is NATO’s largest air base in Europe, with accommodation, fitness, education and other facilities available;

　　Keyword 2 — — "center"

　　American troops have been fighting overseas for many years: American officers and men deployed in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria and other places are in urgent need of medical treatment after being seriously injured, but it is a long way to return to the United States, which may delay the treatment of injuries — — At this time, the first choice for the wounded is the American military base in Germany, because the distance is moderate and the medical facilities are advanced. In addition, the US military often transits through Germany to transport materials and personnel to the Middle East.

　　Keyword 3 — — "fulcrum"

　　Little-known is that Germany is not only the seat of united states european command, but also the seat of the US Army’s Africa Command. In other words, the anti-terrorism operations and special forces operations carried out by the US military in Africa are also commanded and coordinated in Germany.

　　The US media pointed out that the analysis of the cost of American troops and the impact of withdrawal has aroused the high vigilance of European officials — — Because they don’t know whether Trump will use the withdrawal as a bargaining chip to put pressure on allies and increase military spending, or really try to reshuffle the deployment of US troops in Europe and even around the world. On the 11th-12th of this month, the NATO summit will be held soon. It is expected that military expenditure will once again become a major conflict point between the United States and European countries.

　　The New York Times revealed on the 2nd that Trump had recently written letters to the leaders of Germany, Belgium, Norway and Canada, criticizing these countries for too little military spending with fierce words, and warned that the United States was "losing patience". In a letter to Merkel, Trump wrote: "The United States is increasingly disappointed that some allies have so far failed to fulfill their commitments on military spending." "Europe, including Germany, has a good economic momentum, while security challenges are increasing — — Under this circumstance, the United States still invests more in European defense than Europe. This is unsustainable for the United States. "

　　Experts in the United States can’t stand the prospect of splitting the EU in trade and considering withdrawing troops in security.

　　CNN commentator Bout said that the withdrawal from Germany was a "Christmas gift" for Putin in July. However, American allies have every reason to worry.

　　The US media even pointed out that European officials no longer believe that the differences between the two sides of the Atlantic can be bridged under the impact of Trump’s words and deeds; European countries have no choice but to seek "alternatives" other than American leadership.

　　On December 19th, the exchange meeting of special research results of "Steady Growth, Promoting Development and Promoting the Construction of Free Trade Port with High Quality" was held in Haikou to judge the economic development situation of our province and plan the economic work next year.

　　Feng Fei, secretary of the provincial party committee, presided over the meeting, and Liu Xiaoming, governor, and other provincial leaders attended. The provincial leaders led by the special investigation exchanged research results around the themes of "cultivating new economic kinetic energy, shaping new advantages of opening up, accelerating the high-quality development of Hainan Free Trade Port", "highlighting key points, making up shortcomings and strongly supporting the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port", "promoting the high-quality development of modern agriculture in Hainan", "improving the efficiency of government investment" and "accelerating the structural reform of the supply side of tourism products and promoting the high-quality development of tourism".

　　The meeting affirmed the phased results of this survey and pointed out that the purpose of this survey is to find and judge problems as soon as possible and make full preparations for planning economic work next year. Leading provincial leaders carefully selected topics and conducted in-depth research in combination with their respective fields, adhered to problem-oriented, goal-oriented and effect-oriented, collected problems from top to bottom and put forward practical suggestions, which achieved the expected results.

　　The meeting demanded that we should do a good job in the transformation of results, pay attention to absorption and digestion, fully reflect the opinions and suggestions formed by research reports and exchanges and discussions in economic work next year, and continue to follow up on the major issues concerned by their respective research reports and their sub-areas, so as to turn the research results into practical results in promoting the construction of free trade ports and the high-quality development of Hainan. It is necessary to strengthen policy coordination, strengthen the overall concept and policy matching, adhere to the systematic effect of multi-objective decision-making, pay attention to overall planning and overall promotion, improve the integration of measures, grasp the timeliness and effectiveness, avoid policy hedging to the maximum extent, and ensure that it is consistent with the central macro-policy and the goals set by the provincial party Committee. It is necessary to strengthen the linkage of all parties, adhere to the concept of "project is king", vigorously develop digital trade, service trade and cross-border e-commerce, increase the proportion of producer services in modern service industry, actively seize new tracks such as commercial aviation and deep-sea technology, strengthen industrial investment platforms, expand new consumption scenarios, give full play to the leverage of financial funds, stimulate the vitality of social investment, shape new kinetic energy and advantages for development, and consolidate the real economic foundation of free trade ports. We must always tighten the string of risk prevention and control, establish and improve a risk prevention and control system that matches the high-level opening of free trade ports, and study, deploy and implement risk prevention and control with economic and social development to ensure Hainan’s high-quality development with high-level security.

　　Shen Wei

In the world of data news, there are not only complex big data, but also personalized "small data".

Data journalist Luo Maomao and her partner Amin came into contact with "Dear Data" in 2020. Its founders are Giorgia Lupi and Stefanie Posavec. As two data visualization designers who live in Britain and America, they collect personal data in their daily life every week in a year, and present them to each other in a visual way to communicate.

Now, Luo Maomao and Amin decided to learn from this form and start an experimental project called "Life Measurement Plan". They want to observe life to collect data, find patterns and draw conclusions, so as to re-understand themselves and the world.

Hi, this is the thirty-ninth week of the life measurement program. I’m Luo Maomao.

This week’s theme is "Sleep".

Shanghai is quiet at the turn of spring and summer, and dating Duke Zhou has become our most accessible pleasure. Although habitual staying up late has affected the quality of my sleep, it seems that it has not affected the quantity-I slept for 70 hours this week.Sleep an average of ten hours a day.

Ming, who is also a night owl, has stayed up all night this week.No day goes to bed before twelve o’clock.In addition, perhaps it was because she watched Fan before going to bed that she had a lot of strange dreams. (we be like: meowed if real life were as exciting as a dream! )

This is our week about "sleep", please check it out:

　

　

　

Financial circles reported on December 19th, 2023 that the latest net value of Wanjia Quality Life Mix A(519195) was 2.2394 yuan, up by 0.50%. The fund’s yield in the past month is -2.87%, ranking 846 | 1932 in the same category; In the past six months, the yield was -27.81%, ranking 1791|1887 in the same category. Wanjia Quality Life Mixed A Fund was established on August 6, 2015. As of September 30, 2023, the scale of Wanjia Quality Life Mixed A was 2.492 billion yuan.

FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 in 2022, like a fire in winter, ignited the passion of fans who had been dormant for four years. Modern football originated in England, but as a sport, its embryonic form originated in China. In ancient China, there was a sport similar to a football match, which was cuju.

one

Cuju originated in barracks at first.

Kick, creep, and step (step). "Take a step against the foot." The words "Nie", "Ta" and "Tread" all mean stepping from top to bottom. Reverse pedaling is equivalent to kicking and jumping from bottom to top. Cuju is to kick the ball, but it is different from the current football kicking method. The main form of Cuju is actually to kick the ball, which is similar to kicking shuttlecock. It can be played by one person or by many people in formation, mainly from bottom to top to prevent the ball from landing. Of course, there are also competitions in which two teams are divided to kick the ball into the goal to win, similar to modern football matches.

It should be noted that there was another ancient ball game called "bow-beating", which had little to do with football, but was the prototype of polo and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty.

Cuju, written in different ways in ancient Chinese, is also called kicking, kicking, kicking, kicking, kicking and so on. The earliest ball is made of wool, so the ball is also called "wool pill", which is written as "cave" or "ball" Later, people filled skins with hair to make spheres, so the ball was written as "bow", which means a ball made of leather by bending. Guo Pu notes the cloud in "Three Cangs": "Mao Pills can make the performers bow." Inflatable rubber balls didn’t exist until the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, Xu Jian and others compiled a comprehensive book "The Book of Beginners", which recorded: "In ancient times, it was tangled with wool, but now it is done with skin and cells (possibly animal bladders) as the lining, and it is done with a sigh of relief." "Toe" is related to the foot, mainly from the part of the human body that touches the ball.

According to Ji Yuan of Things, Cuju originated in the era of the Yellow Emperor and was originally invented to train soldiers in battle. Mawangdui’s silk book "Sixteen Classics" records that the Yellow Emperor defeated Chiyou and "filled his stomach and thought that he bowed, so that people could hold on to it, and those who were more rewarded". Liu Xiang said to Bielu: "Cuju players are rumored to have done what the Yellow Emperor did, or, from the time of the Warring States. When you are squatting, the military situation is also good. Therefore, when you practice samurai, you know how to be talented, and you practice it because of playing. " There are 25 pieces of Cuju among the thirteen military skill schools in Hanshu Yiwenzhi. It can be seen that Cuju originally originated from barracks, and it is probably a sport that soldiers play in their spare time during military training, which can relax their body and mind and also train teamwork. The original ball games were related to leather, which also confirmed this point. Because in ancient times, the closest contact and user of leather was soldiers, so "soldiers and leather" were connected in Chinese.

From the perspective of literature, Cuju first appeared in the Warring States Period. "Historical Records" and "Warring States Policy" both recorded the popularity of cuju in the State of Qi in the Warring States Period: "Linzi is very rich and real, and all its people play the lute, drum instruments, percussion, playing the piano, fighting cocks, walking dogs, six blogs and stumbling."

Cuju was popular in Han and Tang Dynasties, and reached its peak in Song Dynasty, forming a professional Cuju group called Qiyun Club or Round Club, similar to today’s football clubs. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Cuju gradually declined. For fear of being discouraged by playthings, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, once ordered officials and warriors to ban cuju, "kicking round, unloading feet", and even "bowing round kills nine families". Ming Xizong also ordered that folk football be prohibited. However, Cuju was not banned among the people, and there were still concluding works. The Ming Dynasty wrote "Cuju Atlas" and "Cuju Spectrum", which recorded the methods and rules of Cuju competition from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, as well as the forms and specifications of courts and goals. For example, there are ten ways to kick the ball, such as shoulder, back, turn, take, control, drag, hold, knee, racket and moon, and ten kinds of "no kicking tactics" which are not suitable for kicking the ball, such as "after drinking", "before the banquet", "under the muddy water" and "under the lamp and candle". These works also record more than 40 kinds of ball brands and more than 100 cuju clubs.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners also made it popular to play football at the grassroots level. However, in the Qing Dynasty, Shizu Shunzhi made an edict that "it is forbidden to play football immediately" on the grounds that "this dynasty always studies art, and its leisure time is related to book history". Emperor Qianlong even banned cuju on the grounds of gathering people to make trouble. Cuju inevitably declined under the official ban of the two dynasties.

two

Liu Taigong is not happy without the ball.

The literature recorded the popularity of Cuju in Qilu during the Warring States Period. After the King of Qin swept Liuhe, the troubled times at the end of Qin Dynasty and the struggle between Chu and Han, the tradition of Cuju was still not cut off among the people. By the time Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, the world was reunified, and Cuju won the "endorsement" of Emperor Liu Taigong, the emperor fans like Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Wei Wudi emerged, and the general stars like Huo Qubing and Liang Ji emerged. Cuju was quite popular in the Han Dynasty.

The reason is probably that Cuju, a sport similar to fighting chickens and running dogs, is quite in line with the civilian characteristics of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, was the first commoner in history. He retained many characteristics of common scoundrels. For example, when Chu and Han were contending for food, Xiang Yu caught Liu Bang’s father, Liu Taigong, tied him to a high chopping board, and set up a big pot next to him. The water in the pot was boiling hot. Xiang Yu threatened Liu Bang to kill Liu Taigong like an animal and throw him into a pot to cook broth for the soldiers to satisfy their hunger. Liu bang had the cheek to say to Xiang Yu, you and I are brothers who become sworn brothers, and my dad is your dad. You have to cook your dad. If you are lucky, please share with me. Liu bang is such a rogue, but this rogue is a bully who can effectively restrain the aristocratic family.

Liu bang was born in a common town, and his father Liu Taigong was also a common man. Liu Taigong was the first real emperor’s father in history, Qin Zhuang Xiang Wang’s "emperor’s father" was sealed by Qin Shihuang, and Liu Taigong was the first emperor’s father who lived to enjoy the actual treatment. Liu Taigong "lay down" all the way to become the emperor’s father, entered the capital Chang ‘an (now Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province) and settled in the magnificent palace, but he was unhappy. Liu Bang is a dutiful son. Seeing his father unhappy, he asked people around him to find out why. It turns out that Liu Taigong is not used to the life in big cities. According to "Miscellanies of Xijing", Liu Taigong "lived a good life, killing teenagers, selling cakes with wine, and fighting cocks for pleasure". He likes to associate with some butchers and vendors, and takes pleasure in selling wine, cakes, cockfighting and playing football. Now he is trapped in the deep palace and has no life.

After Liu learned about it, he ordered Wu Kuan, a craftsman, to build a new city in Liyi, modeled after Fengyi (now Fengxian, Jiangsu Province), a hometown of Pei County, and even the old temple of Fengyi was moved to the new city. When Liu was young, he once offered sacrifices to the God of Yuyu Society in the temple. The layout of streets and lanes and the scenery of utensils in the whole new town are all copied from the old ones, and even all the folks in Fengyi have been relocated easily. The hometown is full of elements, which can be called a replica of a hometown. After the men, women and children of Fengyi came to the new town together, they could recognize their houses at a glance when they walked in the streets, and even the chickens, ducks, dogs and sheep brought by the villagers were scattered on the road, so they could find their own homes.

When Liu Taigong arrived in the new town, he saw that the meat sellers, wine sellers and cake sellers in the city were old friends from his hometown. Besides, there were many recreational activities such as cockfighting and playing football, and he was still familiar with the street life, so he was really happy. In July, the tenth year of Emperor Gaozu (197 BC), Liu Taigong died. In memory of his father, Liu Bang renamed Liyi Xinfeng (now Xinfeng Street, Lintong District, Xi ‘an City, Shaanxi Province). Zhang Shoujie’s Historical Records of Justice in the Tang Dynasty quoted a cloud from Kuozhi: "The old city of Xinfeng is located in the southwest of Xinfeng County, Yongzhou, and the Xinfeng Palace in Han Dynasty." The reason for building the city is the same as that recorded in Xijing Miscellanies.

In Chinese, there is an idiom "Chicken and dog know the new wind" or "Chicken and dog know the new wind", which means that you can still be as familiar and happy in a foreign country as in your hometown. When Su Shi first arrived in Huizhou, he wrote a poem, including two lines, "It seems as if he had traveled in a dream, and he was glad to know the new scenery", expressing a feeling of deja vu and revisiting the old place.

three

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Cao Cao are "fans"

Cuju was endorsed by the Emperor Tai in the Han Dynasty, and was naturally deeply loved. According to the biography of Han Dong Fangshuo, Dong Yan, Toy Boy of Liu Piao, princess royal, was distinguished for a while, and no one dared to call him by his first name. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty regarded him as the "master". Dong Yan is famous all over the world, and the dogs, horses, cuju and swordsmen in the county are gathered in Dong Yan’s mansion like spokes on the hub.

Not only does Dong Yan like playing football, but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is also a "fan". Dong Yan often watches cockfighting, dog fighting, horse racing and cuju competitions with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was happy to watch the game, he ordered Mei Gao, the son of Mei Cheng, to write a poem to record the game and the fun of watching it.

Huo Qubing, a general in title of generals in ancient times, likes playing football. He was successful as a teenager and showed no sympathy for foot soldiers. When he was fighting outside the Great Wall, the soldiers were hungry and listless, but he drew a stadium on the ground and played football.

Emperor Cheng of Han also likes to play football. The Miscellanies of Xijing records: "Emperor Cheng loves cuju, and the ministers take cuju as their labor, which is not suitable for the supreme." After the admonition of his ministers, Emperor Han became fond of playing chess with less exercise.

Liang Ji, a powerful minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was an all-around player in game sports, and playing football was also a sport he was proficient in. "The Biography of Liang Ji in the Later Han Dynasty" said, "(Liang) is addicted to alcohol, and can play full, play chess, play five or six games, play cuju and care for money."

Cao Cao also likes watching football. During the Jian ‘an period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tianshui Kong Guangui (the word Shu Lin) was good at playing football, and he loved flattery. Wei’s Spring and Autumn Annals called him "knowing the game, stumbling and bowing", "being proud without virtue, but getting rich without success", and Wei Lue called him "good at cuju, so Mao loved it, and he went in and out with followers every side". For this reason, Cao Pi and Wei Lue. (Cover journalist Wen Kanglin)

(Source: Huaxi Dushi Bao December 12, 2022 A15)

Source: Huaxi Dushi Bao

What changes can exercise bring to a person?

In a post, I saw many people sharing their changes before and after exercise. Some people don’t want to eat snacks after running every day, but they always want to eat junk food when they are free. Some people run all the year round and donate blood with their daughters at the age of 40. They are asked by the staff of the blood bank: Sister comes first or sister comes first?

Some people learn to use exercise to relieve bad emotions, others change procrastination by exercise and have the ability of self-control.

"Who" Sun Simiao said:The way to preserve one’s health is often to do little work, but to be extremely tired and strong.

The best way to keep fit is to exercise your muscles according to your ability, but it is not a huge amount of exercise that your body can’t bear.

Even Tolstoy, who has been writing at his desk all the year round, feels that it is extremely painful for a person who is immersed in mental work if he doesn’t move his limbs often.

Everyone knows that "exercise makes people healthy, exercise is the best way to keep in good health, and exercise can cure everything", but due to numerous common reasons such as "busy, lazy, no time, no space, no equipment, poor health", only a few people can take exercise as a habit.

After the Winter Olympics, some netizens came across Gu Ailing running on the streets of Beijing. She was running, and her mother was riding a bicycle to follow.

Gu Ailing once advised girls not to eat for beauty. "Because you want to be thin and beautiful, you can’t run for three kilometers or five kilometers, and you haven’t been exposed to the sun at all. This is not beautiful because it is not healthy.Beauty is strength, confidence and health."

Writer Mei Fang Jiurenzi was a poor student in physical education class when she was studying. After becoming a professional writer, she stayed at home from morning till night and kept writing in front of the computer, with little exercise.

Because of a serious lack of exercise, in her thirties, she began to feel weak in her waist and legs and her weight soared.

A friend invited her to jog together. Although the speed is already very slow, she will still run out of breath after a long period of inactivity.

No way, just walk if you can’t run, as long as you move, it’s better for your health than sitting back.

So, she slowed down to a slower speed, which her friends called "super jogging" and ran a kilometer at the speed of others walking.

After that, from one kilometer to five kilometers, and then to twenty or thirty kilometers of marathon, it took her three years to become a runner.

In addition to experiencing the joy and sense of accomplishment of sports, her weight has gradually decreased, and friends often say with envy, "You have lost a lot of weight."

According to Cereal Brain, scientific diet, adequate sleep and persistent exercise are the three magic weapons of health.

In the scientific movement, we constantly adjust ourselves, constantly get out of the comfort zone and find the most suitable training method for ourselves, so that we can not only get physical satisfaction, but also surpass ourselves and realize the promotion and satisfaction of the spiritual world.

In exercise again and again, you get not only a healthier body, a clearer brain, but also a sense of control over life.

"I can change my old bad habits, control my body, and use better habits for a healthier and better future."

Biologists have found that there is a "brain-derived neurotrophic factor" in the human body that provides nutrients for the brain, which can promote the connection and activity between brain neurons. Brain neurons become more active and connected, and our brains will become smarter and more responsive.

The magic of exercise is that it is the best way for the body to produce more "brain-derived neurotrophic factors".

German researchers found in experiments that,The speed at which people learn vocabulary after exercise is 20% higher than that before exercise.

At the same time, exercise can also increase the concentration of serotonin in the brain and balance the levels of dopamine, norepinephrine and other hormones in the brain.

Dopamine is an element that makes people feel happy, and serotonin is responsible for transferring mental substances between cells.

If the transmission is smooth, the body will feel relaxed and emotionally stable. If serotonin is lacking, mental substances cannot be transmitted, which will lead to depression or violent tendencies.

A healthy life is inseparable from scientific exercise, but are you suitable for running? How long is running the best for your health? How to run to avoid sports injuries?

Running bibleThe author, Hulbeart Stefani, is a famous German long-distance runner and coach. He has won the German Marathon and other long-distance races for 16 times, and also won the European Marathon.

In 2003, Stephanie, who was over 50, took part in the 10-kilometer long-distance race in Germany, breaking the national record.

As an excellent running coach, he has also trained many excellent German runners and world champions.

After the publication of Running Bible in Germany in 2004, it ranked first in the best-selling list of sports all the year round. It contains weekly training plan, reasonable diet guide and detailed step-by-step decomposition diagram, and is a necessary reading for many runners.

Hulbeart suggested that,For people who have just started to develop exercise habits, walking or walking and running at a very slow speed is the best.

There are people who are older, prone to bone injury, overweight and have a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, not to rush to run.

The book mentions a female executive who is busy at work, has an extremely unhealthy lifestyle, drinks and smokes, is overweight, and has high blood pressure and cholesterol values.

Frightened by her medical report, she made up her mind to run and found Hulbeart to take her.

After evaluating her health, Hulbeart gave her a heart rate tester, and found that her heart rate reached 145 when normal adults jogged after simply warming up and walking for a while.

For her, the best exercise is walking or jogging, otherwise her body will bear more pressure.

Don’t underestimate walking. Many people who can’t keep on exercising all set too high demands on themselves at the beginning. When they can’t reach their health, they give up exercising.

But in walking, we can constantly improve the intensity of exercise, make continuous progress, enjoy the exercise itself, and it is easier to form habits.

With the increase of intensity, you can turn to running and even take part in the marathon.

We have heard many people who take exercise as a habit, telling what benefits it brings to him and how everything in his life has changed to a positive direction through running.

For a person who seldom exercises, this sounds unbelievable.But if you find the right way to start and keep exercising, you will soon fall in love with sports.

When you exercise in the outdoor natural environment, you will feel the pleasure of getting along with nature, which will make your body, spirit and soul reach a balanced state.

Your body will be your friend, and you will look in the mirror confidently and sincerely like yourself.

Exercise can’t solve all problems, but it can open a door to solve them.

It makes you believe that you have the ability to change yourself and constantly break through the limits; It makes you believe that there is no road in vain, and that it feels so wonderful to be in control of your body.

Spring has arrived, and the spring breeze is ten miles. It is better to go out and give your body a restart.

author | Gan Lanlan, write other people’s stories and live your own life.

picture | vision china, Internet (if there is any infringement, please contact to delete)

With the continuous development of society, the trend is also changing. In 2023, fashion will usher in more diversified development, including clothing, accessories, beauty and lifestyle. The following is an analysis of hot trends in 2023.

Trend hotspot 1: sustainable fashion

With the enhancement of people’s awareness of environmental protection, sustainable fashion will become a hot spot in 2023. More and more brands will adopt environmentally-friendly materials and production processes to launch clothes and accessories that conform to the concept of sustainable development. Consumers will also pay more attention to the environmental performance of products and choose those products that are environmentally friendly.

Trend hot spot 2: retro revival

Retro style has always been an invincible position in the fashion world, and 2023 will usher in the revival of more retro elements. Fashion styles in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s will regain popularity, and ripped jeans, loose T-shirts and wide-leg pants will become popular items. The revival of retro style will bring more personalized choices to meet the fashion needs of different groups of people.

Trend hot spot 3: multicultural integration

Multiculturalism will become one of the hot trends in 2023. Cross-cultural integration will become the source of inspiration for designers, breaking the geographical restrictions and integrating elements from all over the world into fashion design. Clothing styles, patterns and colors of different cultures will merge with each other, bringing more colorful choices to the fashion industry.

Trend hot spot 4: the influence of digital age

The influence of the digital age will also profoundly change the fashion world. Virtual fitting room, cool digital fashion design and digital marketing will become the mainstream trends in the future. Consumers will get more fashion information through the Internet and social media, and conduct online shopping. At the same time, virtual reality and augmented reality technology will also bring more innovations to the fashion industry.

Trend hot spot 5: health and beauty

The beauty trend in 2023 will pay more attention to health and natural beauty. Skin care products without chemical additives will be sought after more, and more people will pursue natural and healthy fashion beauty products. At the same time, a healthy lifestyle will also become the focus of fashion, and more fitness equipment and healthy diet will enter the public’s field of vision.

Generally speaking, the hot trends in 2023 will be more diversified and focus on sustainable development. Environmental protection, retro, multi-culture, digital age and health and beauty will be the main trends in the future fashion industry, bringing more diversified choices to consumers.