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　　At present, what are the research results of highly pathogenic avian influenza?

　　Since the mid-1990s, China has done a lot of work on the epidemiology, diagnosis, immune control and basic research of avian influenza, and obtained many research results. The diagnosis technology of avian influenza has been established: ① agar diffusion (AGP) diagnosis technology. ② subtype typing technology of avian influenza virus. ③ Molecular diagnosis and detection technology of avian influenza virus. Avian influenza vaccine development: An inactivated vaccine of H5 subtype avian influenza has been developed, which can be used for emergency immunization of H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza. The live carrier vaccine of H5N1 subtype avian influenza recombinant fowlpox virus has also entered the stage of environmental release and safety evaluation.

　　How long will it take to confirm the pathogen? Do what experiment?

　　Highly pathogenic avian influenza must be diagnosed by virus isolation and identification. It usually takes at least 3~5 days for virus isolation and subtype identification. The pathogenicity of the virus must be finally determined by artificial intravenous inoculation of non-specific pathogen chickens (SPF chickens).

　　What is the standard for diagnosing highly pathogenic avian influenza stipulated in the technical specification for prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza issued by the Ministry of Agriculture? According to the Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture on Printing and Distributing Seven Technical Specifications for Prevention and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (Nongbanmu [2002] No.74), highly pathogenic avian influenza can be confirmed to have occurred under the following circumstances: ① There are typical clinical symptoms and pathological changes, acute onset and high mortality, and Newcastle disease and toxic diseases can be excluded, and serological tests are positive. ② Avian influenza serotypes H5 and H7 were seropositive in the poultry that were not immunized. ③ Avian influenza virus strains of H5 and H7 subtypes or other subtypes were isolated from poultry flocks.

　　According to the virulence, avian influenza is divided into several categories, how to identify it?

　　Influenza viruses are divided into highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HP avian influenza virus), low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LP avian influenza virus) and non-pathogenic avian influenza virus (NP avian influenza virus) according to their pathogenicity. In view of the importance of HP avian influenza virus, the relevant identification standards and procedures are introduced as follows:

　　The World Organization for Animal Health classifies highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses as follows:

　　(1) Eight susceptible chickens aged 4-8 weeks were inoculated with 02 ml of 1∶10 diluted allantoic fluid infected with influenza virus by intravenous injection, which could cause 6-7 or 8 chickens to die within 10 days after inoculation. These influenza viruses should be highly pathogenic.

　　(2) The isolate can kill 1~5 chickens, but the virus is not H5 or H7 subtype, so the following experiments should be carried out: Inoculate the virus on the cell culture, and observe whether it causes cell pathological changes or forms plaque when trypsin is lacking. If the virus cannot grow on cells, the isolate should be considered as a non-highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

　　(3) When all H5 and H7 strains with low pathogenicity and other viruses can grow on cells lacking trypsin, the amino acid sequence of peptide chain related to hemagglutinin should be analyzed. If the analysis results are similar to other highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, this tested isolate should be considered as highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

　　How to collect and separate the samples of the pathogen after the occurrence of avian influenza?

　　The diagnosis depends largely on the quality of the sample, the storage and transportation process of the sample before laboratory treatment. Samples of respiratory viruses used for cell culture, chicken embryo inoculation and direct detection of virus antigens or nucleic acids should be collected 3 days after the onset of flu symptoms. Avian influenza is mainly infected by respiratory tract and digestive tract. Therefore, the samples collected from the upper respiratory tract of mammals and birds are suitable for the identification and diagnosis of influenza virus. There are three types of upper respiratory tract swabs: nasal cotton swabs, throat cotton swabs and tracheal cotton swabs. Slaughtered or dead mammals should collect samples in the lower respiratory tract, which are divided into three types: tracheal cotton swab, bronchial cotton swab and lung tissue. Avian samples should be collected in the respiratory tract and most of the digestive tract. The virus samples collected include cloacal cotton swabs and feces, among which cloacal cotton swabs can be collected from live chickens or slaughtered chickens. Collecting feces samples from chicken coops or the environment is a common sampling method, but it has the disadvantage of not being able to determine the exact source of samples. If it is suspected that dead birds contain highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, representative internal organs such as brain, spleen, heart and lung should also be collected.

　　If you want to detect the virus directly by immunofluorescence staining of infected cells, then the collected disease materials should be placed in an ice bath and the samples should be processed within 1~2 hours. Samples used for virus isolation should be frozen in the refrigerator immediately after sampling, and inoculated into sensitive cells or chicken embryos as early as possible. If the sample cannot be processed within 48~72 hours, it should be frozen at -70℃ or below. If the test tube containing the sample is not sealed, or the plastic bag containing the sample is not tightly sealed, the sample cannot be transported or stored in dry ice. Because once the dry ice comes into contact with the diseased sample, it can quickly inactivate the influenza virus that may exist in it.

　　The collected samples should be placed in a suitable transport buffer to ensure the isolation of the virus. At present, there are some transport buffers suitable for different virus samples, such as Hanks balanced salt solution, cell culture medium, phosphate buffer, tryptone-phosphate broth, calf beef soup and sucrose phosphate buffer, etc. In these transport buffers, 0.5% ~ 1% protein, such as bovine serum albumin and gelatin, should be added, and antibiotics should be added to prevent the growth of bacteria.

　　How to collect and transport pathological samples?

　　Pathological samples should generally be taken from dead or live birds in the early stage of infection or acute stage of onset. Dead birds collected tissue samples such as trachea, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and cloaca. Live birds should be smeared with sterilized cotton swabs of different sizes on throat, trachea or cloaca. Cotton swabs with secretions should be put into broth containing 1 000 international units of penicillin, 2 000 micrograms of streptomycin and pH 72 ~ 76 per ml. When there is no broth, Hanks solution or 25%~50% glycerol saline can be used. The concentration of antibiotics used in feces and cloaca cotton swabs should be increased.

　　Transportation and storage of samples: if the collected samples are inspected within 48 hours, they can be stored at 4℃; Otherwise, it should be stored at low temperature (-70℃ is the best).

　　What are the diagnostic methods and procedures for highly pathogenic avian influenza?

　　(1) Epidemiology Avian influenza virus has a wide range of hosts, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails and pheasants, and wild birds, waterfowl and seabirds. Among them, chickens and turkeys are the most harmful after being infected with avian influenza virus, and more viruses are isolated from ducks than other poultry. Birds of all ages can be infected.

　　Avian influenza virus is mainly transmitted through direct contact and indirect contact between infected birds (including equipment in contact with infected birds). In addition, poisonous birds or waterfowl often become the source of infection, causing a large number of diseases and deaths of poultry.

　　(2) The incubation period of clinical symptoms of avian influenza varies from several hours to three days. The incubation period depends on the virulence and dose of the infected virus, the route of infection, the species of infected birds and the state of the birds. Acute infection of avian influenza has no specific clinical symptoms. In a short time, loss of appetite, sudden rise of body temperature, respiratory symptoms, diarrhea and neurological symptoms can be seen. With a large number of deaths.

　　(3) Pathological changes The pathological changes of avian influenza vary with the virulence of the infected strain, the duration of the disease and the species of birds. The main manifestations are head swelling, fleshy beard, crown bleeding, subcutaneous bleeding and edema of legs and toes, glandular stomach nipple bleeding and salpingitis.

　　(4) Etiological diagnosis-virus isolation needs to be completed by the national laboratory.

　　(5) Serodiagnosis At present, the methods used for avian influenza detection include avian influenza virus isolation, agar diffusion (AGP) test, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, neuraminidase inhibition (NI) test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), virus neutralization test (SN), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence technology (IF) and nucleic acid probe technology.

　　Avian influenza virus hemagglutinin typing antigen and standard typing serum were provided by Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and operated according to the instructions.

　　In a word, the diagnosis of avian influenza, the isolation and identification of laboratory viruses and the pathogenicity test all take a long time and cost a lot. Only a few laboratories can carry out this inspection, and they can’t make a diagnosis within a short time (48 hours) after receiving the inspection samples, and the diagnosis lags behind the requirements of taking measures on the spot. The faster and earlier the diagnosis of avian influenza is made, the smaller the loss will be. When bird flu is suspected, it is very important to report the epidemic situation in time so as to obtain timely diagnosis from relevant experts.

　　How to make a differential diagnosis of avian influenza?

　　Because the epidemic characteristics, symptoms and pathological changes caused by avian influenza infection are similar to some infectious diseases of poultry, it is necessary to make differential diagnosis in time, such as Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious rhinitis, mycoplasma disease, chlamydia disease, egg drop syndrome, etc. Especially the mixed infection or secondary infection of some diseases makes the condition more complicated, which makes diagnosis difficult or easy to be misdiagnosed. Therefore, the differential diagnosis is very important.

　　The first is the differential diagnosis with Newcastle disease. The epidemic characteristics, symptoms and pathological changes of avian influenza are very similar to those of Newcastle disease in chickens. Generally speaking, the incubation period and course of highly pathogenic avian influenza are shorter than those of Newcastle disease in China at present. The symptoms such as dyspnea, hydrops in crop and mouth, cooing when dyspnea, typical neurological symptoms and conventional typical pathological changes are all more obvious and characteristic than avian influenza. In addition, the emergency immune effect of Newcastle disease on the spot is all related to avian influenza. However, some of them are not obviously different. The accurate differential diagnosis of the two diseases can only rely on laboratory diagnosis. The simplest and most practical methods are virus isolation and hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). Newcastle disease antiserum can not inhibit the hemagglutination of avian influenza virus, and vice versa.

　　According to the comprehensive analysis of epidemic characteristics, symptoms, pathological autopsy and laboratory examination (etiology, serology), avian influenza can be distinguished from other epidemics. Similarly, secondary or complicated bacterial or viral diseases can be determined by pathogen isolation and some detection methods.

　　Excerpted from "Questions and Answers on Prevention and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza" by China Agricultural Publishing House.

　　"In fact, the villagers’ awareness of fire prevention has improved a lot now, and the real fire fighting and rescue tasks at work have been reduced to a certain extent. We have begun to closely integrate fire fighting forces with rural revitalization. I hope ‘ Give full play to advantages and highlight characteristics ’ , to embark on a rural revitalization with unique characteristics of Miao and Dong villages ‘ Safe road ’ 。” In the Leishan County Fire Rescue Brigade, Luo Jie, the instructor of the brigade, is introducing the situation of the team to reporters.

　　Leishan County is located in the southwest of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, with dense forests and winding waters. It is dominated by ethnic minorities such as Miao and Dong, and has the largest Miao village in the world, Xijiang Miao Village. In recent years, Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village Scenic Area has become a tourist attraction, and the county has vigorously implemented "global tourism" to fully activate the "new kinetic energy" of rural revitalization. However, the mountain features, the housing structure of Miao village and the security risks brought by "tourism fever" all bring challenges to the local grass-roots fire protection work.

　　How to get through the "last mile" of fire safety management based on local characteristics; How to give full play to the firefighting power, practice "people’s firefighting for the people", and realize the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization? The Leishan County Fire Rescue Brigade combines the main responsibility and main business, thinks ahead and takes the initiative to explore and form the Xijiang model of grassroots firefighting work, and escorts rural revitalization with safety.

　　Enrich strength

　　Take the lead in realizing full coverage of full-time fire brigade of township government.

　　Records of store fire inspection during flood control in Xijiang Town, fire safety checklist for farmers during this winter and next spring, and "one household for one file" for fire safety in Xijiang Miao Village Scenic Area … In the office of Xijiang Town Government full-time fire brigade, piles of forms and documents record the fire safety inspection work of the brigade in detail.

　　"We will carry out fire safety inspections on 21 administrative villages in Xijiang Town every month and at important time nodes, and check the water level of drinking water pools and special fire-fighting pools in scenic spots, and implement the system of twice-daily inspection and twice-reporting." Li Jian, vice captain of the team, said that the information collection and archiving of 571 business premises and 1,270 farmers in Xijiang Scenic Area have been completed.

　　In order to improve the county’s fire prevention and control ability, Leishan County forced the grassroots responsibility, promoted the establishment of fire safety committees and fire workstations at the county and township levels, established a three-level fire safety guarantee system at the county, township (town) and village levels, and invested 3.5 million yuan to complete the construction of seven township full-time fire brigades, taking the lead in realizing full coverage of township government full-time fire brigades in the whole state, and completed the construction of 125 volunteer fire brigades in more than 50 wooden contiguous villages, further consolidating the foundation of rural fire prevention and control.

　　In addition, in view of the large flow of people and limited fire prevention and control ability in Xijiang Scenic Area, Leishan County established a leading group for tourism safety improvement in Xijiang Scenic Area, which was composed of 7 party and government leaders and 45 industry department heads. The county fire rescue brigade took the initiative to draw the county party Committee and the county government to combine the actual situation of the scenic spot. The Measures for Fire Safety Management (Trial) of Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village Scenic Spot in Leishan County and the Notice on Further Defining the Responsibilities of Fire Safety Prevention in Xijiang Scenic Spot and Strengthening the Responsibility Investigation have been issued successively to refine the responsibilities of fire safety functions of scenic spots at all levels and departments, and eight fire micro-stations and two fire observation posts, namely, the central observation platform and Baiyan, have been set up in the scenic spot.

　　The reporter came to the central observation deck post. On the observation deck, the Xijiang scenic spot was unobstructed. The post is also specially equipped with telescopes and thermal imaging probes. If a place "has a cigarette and a little spark", the duty officer can accurately capture and respond quickly.

　　There are 1,580 houses in Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village, with a permanent population of 1,446 households with more than 6,100 people. The full-time fire brigade of Xijiang Town Government divides Xijiang Scenic Area into four areas: Nangui, Yangpai, Dongyin and Pingzhai, and comprehensively strengthens the investigation of fire hazards in the scenic area through "all-in-one, all-in-one and active service".

　　"Although the business in scenic spots has brought economic income to our town, if the safety work is not done properly, such development is ‘ Walk with a limp ’ Once something goes wrong, the consequences are unimaginable. " Li Jian said that the barbecue street in the scenic spot is a long-standing problem of fire safety, and some merchants lack certain safety awareness in the use of gas, which requires repeated inspections and key education.

　　In the first half of this year, the Leishan County Fire Rescue Brigade organized fire rescue personnel and full-time fire brigade members to carry out actions such as no smoking in scenic spots, management of flammable and combustible decorations, management of restaurants and fire exits, etc. A total of 1,184 business premises were investigated, 78 decorative places of flammable and combustible materials were completely removed by compulsory measures, 84 restaurants and restaurants were urged to install gas alarms, and 186 illegal acts of occupying fire exits were investigated, 21 trailers and 152 motor vehicles were detained.

　　Strengthen security

　　Constructing a three-dimensional fire prevention and control system

　　Mountainous area is the biggest feature of Guizhou. Xijiang scenic spot is located in the slope zone of the transition between Hunan and Guangxi hilly basins in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with rolling mountains.

　　"If there is a fire, large vehicles and equipment are inconvenient to enter. On the one hand, building a reservoir on the mountain can facilitate the villagers’ domestic water use, and on the other hand, when a fire breaks out, the reservoir can become a source of fire water nearby." Luo Jie said.

　　Safety is the premise of development. In order to do a good job in rural fire protection grass-roots construction, Leishan County Fire Rescue Brigade focuses on the essential fire safety transformation such as kitchen reform, water reform and electricity reform in wooden contiguous villages, and strengthens the management of fire safety sources.

　　"Volunteer fire brigade, fire pool and motor pump are the three magic weapons to realize fire disposal, and water shortage is fatal." Fei Teng, the fire supervisor of the brigade, found that the fire water in the scenic spot could not meet the actual demand during the in-depth investigation of the fire infrastructure in Xijiang scenic spot, so the brigade reported to the county government in combination with the "water reform" project and put forward renovation suggestions. Subsequently, the county invested funds to improve the construction of 12 high-level fire pools, three circular fire pipe networks, 108 fire hydrants and supporting facilities and equipment with a total of 1,500 cubic meters.

　　Xijiang Scenic Area also focuses on making it clear that the public fire-fighting pipe network needs to be equipped with one fire hydrant every 40 meters, and each house can be effectively covered by two fire hydrants. All the business premises that are rebuilt by villagers’ self-built houses are equipped with simple automatic fire alarm systems, sprinkler systems and hose reels, and the technical standards such as safety exits, evacuation routes, allocation of fire-fighting equipment, and safe use of fire and electricity are made clear, thus solving the dilemma that the all-wood structure buildings in the scenic area cannot be implemented with reference to national and industrial standards.

　　In order to solve the problem that the traditional electricity reform can’t effectively monitor people’s unsafe electricity use, which leads to a high number of electrical fires, Xijiang Scenic Area has installed more than 1,100 arc-extinguishing electrical fire protector terminals and 8 water level online monitors, realizing 4,680 times of early warning and disposal, realizing a new pattern of real-time online monitoring of electricity safety, intelligent analysis and judgment of rural electricity risk laws, accurate assistance in fire hazard elimination, and standardized fire safety management with data cages.

　　It is necessary to take physical defense and technical defense measures, but also to improve civil air defense capabilities. "Leishan is a gathering place for ethnic minorities, and the villagers here are very talkative ’ Love ‘ Heavy customs. " Luo Jie said, Xijiang Scenic Area should be governed by the whole people, implement the "ten-household joint defense", integrate the traditional fire management methods of Miao village with the traditional discussion, formulate and issue village rules and regulations with public binding force, and promote fire inspection, shouting for the village, publicity and training, monitoring of key personnel, greeting for weddings and funerals and other measures to be effectively implemented.

　　Active integration

　　Actively carry out rural revitalization and assistance work.

　　"Secretary Xiao Gong is here!" On August 2nd, Grandma Li Mingzhen, a villager from 12 groups of lamb chops in Xijiang Village, stood at the door of her house early in the morning. Today is the day when Gong Enpu, the first secretary of Guizhou Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps stationed in Xijiang Village, paid a regular visit. At the sight of Gong Enpu, the old man Li Mingzhen held his hand tightly and took it to the house.

　　"Li Popo, I think the high temperature has continued in recent days, and I bought you an electric fan. Don’t blow on the fan when you are old." Gong Enpu told Li Nainai while installing an electric fan.

　　Since he became the resident secretary of Xijiang Village in 2021, Gong Enpu has cooperated with Guizhou Provincial Fire Rescue Corps and Leizhou County Fire Rescue Brigade to actively carry out rural revitalization and resident assistance.

　　Guided by the idea that the Corps adheres to the combination of blood transfusion and hematopoiesis, and the combination of poverty alleviation and intellectual support, the county fire rescue brigade fully combines the characteristics and reality of ethnic minorities living in its jurisdiction, highly integrates fire rescue work with strategic policies such as "national unity", "poverty alleviation" and "rural revitalization", and works hard on the issues that the masses are most worried about and looking forward to, and makes practical moves.

　　The county fire rescue brigade brought the poverty alleviation work into the agenda of the party Committee, established the precise poverty alleviation strategy of "fixed point, fixed person and fixed household" and "promoting rural fire safety", implemented the "frontline work law of the party Committee", set up a 6-member party member vanguard team to carry out police pre-help at important nodes, and established and improved the fire protection work system of the two village committees.

　　In the meantime, the relevant personnel of the Party Committee of the Corps and the detachment have conducted in-depth research on helping villages for 13 times to find out in detail the difficulties existing in the current rural revitalization work, and awarded 600,000 yuan of "fire-fighting inspirational scholarships" to 32 poor students in 6 helping villages. The Corps has invested a total of 6.078 million yuan to build a fire-fighting industrial road, a fire-fighting bridge and a miniature fire station for the villages, and donated more than 50 children of poor households in the villages to actively develop fish and black rice fields.

　　"A year’s time is not long, but I have been fully integrated here, and I have gradually moved from a village ‘ Outsider ’ It became ’ Family ’ 。” Gong Enpu told reporters that whether it is the first-line rescue or the current assistance in the village, the villagers’ affairs are his biggest thing, and he can be the guardian of the safe development of his hometown without regrets.

Previously on Observer Network Synthesis: The FBI seems to be Trump’s "savior" who has been lagging behind in the election. It not only restarted the "mail door" investigation at a critical moment, but also denied that Hillary accused Trump of improper contact with Russia. There is evidence to support it.

Another important character who influenced the election, Assange, has even "evolved" to predict Hillary’s emotions. He described Hillary as "even losing her mind in pursuit of ambition", and Hillary was "sure enough" angered by the protester’s sentence "Clinton is a rapist".

Previously, she has been trying to show a rational and calm temperament, and often publicly accused Trump that "people who are easily angered on social media are not suitable for mastering nuclear weapons."

After this wave, according to the latest polls, the election situation has reached a "rebalancing".

On November 1, Hillary rarely got angry at the campaign rally.

Hillary rarely gets angry.

On November 2nd, the US Chinese website quoted New York Post as saying that on Tuesday (2nd) night, Hillary Clinton lost her temper in front of a protester in a rare campaign rally.

At a rally in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, a protester shouted, "Bill Clinton is a rapist!"When Hillary heard it, she pointed her finger at the protester to fight back.

She said: "You know, I am sick and tired of these negative, dark, divisive, dangerous and angry Trump supporters (I am sick and tired of the negative, dark, divisive,
dangerous vision and behavior from people who support Donald Trump)”。

In fact, this is not the first time that protesters have expressed their anger at Hillary’s campaign rally in this way, but Hillary’s reaction this time is indeed abnormal.

"We will not retreat, we will move forward to a better future." The supporters in the audience shouted Hillary’s name to cheer for it. Protesters who shouted "Clinton" was a rapist were expelled from the venue.

Earlier, Hillary Clinton questioned Trump in public more than once that he was easily angered. In the third TV debate, she also criticized Trump "as an easily angered person. How can such a person be the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces of the United States? Will the world be safe by giving the US nuclear weapon password to someone who is easily angered by a Twitter? " She also said that a mature diplomat will not talk lightly about war. War is never the first option, and reason must always overcome sensibility.

At the Democratic Party Congress held in Philadelphia in July, Hillary Clinton also made similar remarks: "Imagine him in the Oval Office (the President’s Office of the White House). For a real crisis, a person who can be defeated by Twitter is not someone we can entrust with nuclear weapons."

Assange: Hillary ClintonMy heart is full of ambition, and it is morbid.

Russian satellite news network reported on November 3rd that julian assange, editor-in-chief of Wikileaks website, said in an interview with Russian TV Today that she felt very sorry for Hillary Clinton, the presidential candidate of the Democratic Party of the United States, who was "full of ambition".

Data map: Assange

Assange said, "I actually feel sorry for Hillary, because her heart is full of ambition, and she has reached a morbid state, even losing her mind in pursuit of ambition."

Lawyer Assange said earlier that if Hillary wins the election, the security threat to the editor-in-chief will increase significantly.

Assange also pointed out that Hillary’s campaign team’s statement about Russia’s intervention in the US election is false. He also refuted Russia’s assertion that Wikileaks broke the news.

Assange said: "The Hillary team successfully set off a wave of new McCarthyism. Hillary Clinton has made false statements more than once before, saying that 17 intelligence agencies in the United States have concluded that Russia is the source of Wikileaks, which is incorrect. "

Assange told the press conference of the 10th anniversary of Wikileaks in early October this year that the website would expose all documents related to the US presidential election before November 8th.

Poll: Trump’s odds are increasing　"invisible voters" may assist

According to the China Journal website reported on November 3rd, Trump’s odds are increasing. A recent follow-up poll shows that Trump’s support rate is 5.4 percentage points higher than that of Democratic rival Hillary Clinton. Analysts also pointed out that a group of "invisible voters" who are unwilling to admit supporting Trump verbally but secretly vote for Trump will send the controversial billionaire to the White House.

On November 2, the latest follow-up poll released by Los Angeles Times showed that Trump’s support rate was 47.8%, which was 4 percentage points higher than last week, while Hillary’s support rate dropped by 3 percentage points to 42.4% now. This is the first time since May this year that a poll showed that Trump was ahead of Hillary.

Recent polls show that Trump’s support rate has been equal to Hillary.

Before the polling day, the donis College of the University of Southern California and the Los Angeles Times conducted a follow-up poll. They asked about 3,000 Americans about their voting intentions every day in order to grasp the changing trend of the election.

The New Zealand Herald also published an article on November 3, saying that based on the early voting data and a political theory called "Bradley effect", many voters had made up their minds to support Trump, but they lied in the polls because they were afraid of being labeled politically incorrect, but they voted for Trump when they officially voted. This group of "invisible" voters is likely to become Trump’s magic weapon.

Zinia Victor, an American expert at Chatham House, a British think tank, believes that Trump has undoubtedly inspired many voters who have never participated in the general election before. "We have seen, this is a fact. Look at those who participated in the Trump campaign. They are not typical Republican voters. " Victor said, "Hillary’s supporters are not so enthusiastic … This is a problem, because during Obama’s campaign, he was able to attract a large number of voters who had never voted before to stand up for him, but according to the current early voting data, these people did not stand up for Hillary."

A similar situation occurred in the Brexit referendum. At that time, about 3 million voters who had never voted before stood up, and their appearance reversed the voting results predicted by the polls in one fell swoop, and Brexit unexpectedly won. Newt gingrich, former speaker of the US House of Representatives, said: "I believe that just like the Brexit referendum, Trump’s final vote rate is likely to be 3 to 4 percentage points higher than expected by the polls."

The practice of Paul Ryan, the current speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States, confirms that the "Bradley effect" really exists. The Republican who has refused to publicly support Trump admitted on November 1 that he had voted for Trump in advance.

The American political news website "Politico" quoted a Republican in Virginia as saying: "I know many Republicans who are unwilling to admit that they will vote for Trump, and I am unwilling to admit it myself. If Hillary’s approval rating is 5 percentage points higher than Bitram’s, this will not cause any problems. Otherwise, the results on the polling day may surprise everyone. "

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. The content of the article is purely the author’s personal opinion, and does not represent the platform’s view. It shall not be reproduced without authorization, otherwise legal responsibility will be investigated. Pay attention to the observer network WeChat guanchacn and read interesting articles every day.

　　　 Cartography: Li Kun

　　　　Going over the wall to get out of school, each has its own way.

　　　　"Go to Houhai Wild Strawberry Bar to perform on Friday night; Leave for Bashang on Saturday to attend Zhangbei Music Festival; I flew back to school on Sunday night to catch up with my homework and hand it in on Monday … "Amu, who is studying econometrics, didn’t put his mind on" measurement "at all, but" calculated "his weekend schedule.

　　　　Amu, a student of the School of Economics of Renmin University of China, is "the backbone of the school art troupe" and is familiar with guitar, bass, drum set, cucurbit, bawu, accordion and many other musical instruments. By chance, Amu was recommended by a senior sister of the school art troupe to accompany others. Amu went with his piano on his back, and only when he arrived did he know that the protagonist was Zhong Lifeng, a famous folk singer. Because Amu’s improvisation ability is very strong, he can play together after listening to the music twice, so Zhong Lifeng hit it off with him and immediately invited him to attend Qujiang International Music Festival in Xi ‘an.

　　　　After two days’ performance in a different place, Amu felt the excitement on the stage and the simple pursuit and desire of a group of young people for musical ideals. "I found the state I wanted, which is a life I have never experienced before." From then on, Amu fell in love with "going to the cave" and began to take on the job of "running the venue" frequently. Every weekend, he went to the bar in Houhai to "make friends with the piano" and participated in various music festivals, and his footprints traveled all over the country. "Making money has never been my goal, and college life should be like this."

　　　　Nowadays, the group of "cave-walkers" on campus is getting bigger and bigger, and it has gradually evolved into a fashion. "Flowers bloom inside the wall and incense smells outside." These various students "talented people" use their "skills" to go out together or alone to "walk the hole" after studying.

　　　　In their view, "going to the cave" is to experience life, but also to increase the weight for stepping out of campus and into society in the future.

　　　　Shen He, a senior girl from Communication University of China, just finished broadcasting at the 25th National Federation of Students’ Associations two weeks ago. She majored in broadcasting and hosting, and she went to the Great Hall of the People.

　　　　It turned out that the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League wanted to find a female classmate to broadcast the meeting materials at the Student Union Conference and contacted China Communication University. The school teacher recommended her.

　　　　Shen He is a veteran "cave walker". He does roadshows for men’s wear international carnival in Blue Harbor, dubs electronic dictionaries and presides over various trade fairs. He has electronics, technology and medicines, and can earn thousands of dollars a day. In a drama, Shen He met the actress who dubbed Avatar in Chinese, and the actress appreciated her very much. So when director Lu Chuan asked the actress’s recommender to dub the promotional film of the China Pavilion of the World Expo, the actress did not hesitate to recommend her. Later, she also participated in the recording of the china national radio World Expo program, "This time I walked to the Shanghai World Expo".

　　　　Compared with those "acupuncturists" who often pay thousands of fees and have seen the world, Tang Ke’s "acupuncturist" road is dull, but it also makes her feel full and warm. This girl, a junior in Tianjin Normal University, is the hostess of an audio-visual studio called F2.8, which specializes in filming the wedding process for the bride and groom and also taking some graduation photos. Tang Ke’s first shot was to make a guest photo of his parents’ friend’s son’s wedding, which made his parents’ friends full of praise.

　　　　As a result of word of mouth, Tang Ke met many "married" people in half a year. "Every time I go out to shoot and witness the romantic and happy moments of others, I am also very happy and embarrassed." Tang Ke’s entire possessions include: a Sony FX1000E camera worth 24,000 yuan given to her by her father on her 20th birthday, and a virtual cyberspace. Partner with a middle school male student who is unemployed at home, and all publicity and promotion rely on the internet. Although filming took up a lot of her sleep time, Tang Ke claimed that she was definitely a good student. "I never miss classes, and I attend boring classes!" Fortunately, young people in Tianjin get married on weekends. "It’s a good time to cooperate with me and support my studies."

　　　　Shiny appearance is actually a bitter tear.

　　　 Walking acupoints often begins with being cheated.

　　　　However, their "eighteen martial arts" may not be recognized by classmates, teachers and even parents. Amu’s "Econometrics" teacher thinks that his acting skills have no "use value" and wasting study time is definitely a "sunk cost". And he "stays up all night" and "stays up all night" with his piano on his back, which is even a "big rebellion" in the view of the dormitory administrator aunt. Because going out to perform always comes back late, Amu always knocks on the door downstairs of the dormitory. At two o’clock that night, the aunt who was awakened by a knock at the door finally became angry: "It’s you again! What did you do at night? How to live so disorderly! " Amu had no choice but to cross the unlit night road and sit in the all-night study room with a guitar.

　　　　Almost everyone who walks the acupuncture point will go through a period of confusion. Jun Chen, a student of Beijing Institute of Fashion who often goes out to take photos, told reporters about his confusion: "When I go out to earn extra money, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies. Although photography is a practice-oriented major, I’m still a little worried about my study status, because it’s easy for people to become commercialized and gradually care about it. If they have income, they will do it. If they don’t, they will do it hard. If they have more income, they will be lazy. It has nothing to do with real art. This is really sad for a person who studies art. "

　　　　Don’t look at these "daren" on campus wandering among celebrities and famous artists, but behind the glamorous stage, there is an arduous struggle and endless grievances. Shen He of China Communication University told reporters that he had done everything when he first came out to walk in the cave, and he was cheated many times. At first, I helped people copy books, and only a few thousand words were given a few dollars; Then go and fold Chinese knots for people. You only get 20 cents for one fold, and you can get money only if you fold a certain amount. "Everything that asks you to pay in advance is a lie." Shen He went online for the first time to find a part-time etiquette job, and felt that his image and other aspects were more suitable. When he went to the etiquette company for an interview, the other party praised her strongly, and then asked her to pay the money, claiming that he could introduce her to various part-time interview opportunities after handing it over to 380 yuan. Later, Shen He received twenty or thirty interview calls, which almost made her travel all over Beijing. After several visits, she found that the candidate had already been decided, and arranging the interview was just an intermediary fooling people.

　　　　"It’s particularly bitter, and it’s a week in a row. In those days, I went to class in the morning, ran back to the dormitory to change clothes at noon, and rushed to the scene in the afternoon. " Once Shen He made an introduction in the exhibition hall of the auto show, every two hours, for more than half an hour at a time, and interacted with the audience. In this way, I stood in the exhibition hall all afternoon and evening and earned 10 thousand for 10 days in a row. "I won’t do it again!" Shen He said: "I am a host, a communicator, don’t be a phonograph."

　　　　Instructor: Students who go to acupuncture points should be responsible for their own civil behavior and the safety of going out.

　　　　After his junior year, Shen He stopped taking this kind of project to earn extra money. "Tired, no status, no future … I have experienced too much before, enough, I want to settle down and learn to think and find my own direction." When it comes to the life of going to acupuncture points for several years, Shen He thinks that he has gained a lot in his profession and experience. "In terms of our broadcasting and hosting major, there are more external learning and less internal learning. The rhythm and expression of our professional training are all external skills, but your connotation and your things from the inside out have to be cultivated and refined by yourself. The experience of acupuncturing helps me to better understand what I want to express, which is more meaningful and not empty. Shen He also mentioned that once she went back to school for a broadcasting class after a summer vacation, the teacher said that she had made a great progress, and her understanding of the manuscript was thorough and profound, with a qualitative leap.

　　　　"Why do opportunities keep coming to you? You must take the first step and occupy the commanding heights. People who have experienced more often get more opportunities. " Shen He concluded this way.

　　　　Lu Peng, Secretary-General of the Guidance Center for Students’ Extracurricular Activities in Peking University, holds a positive attitude towards the phenomenon of "going to acupuncture points". "As long as it does not affect normal teaching, it is a good thing for students to participate in socialization earlier." Lu Peng analyzed that those college students who have the ability to "walk the hole" are basically senior, capable and talented people in the university, and they are the so-called elites among college students. These college students participate in social division of labor and practice earlier, which helps them understand the operation of society, get familiar with the working environment in advance and master the way of survival. In addition, these students are basically over 18 years old and are adults. They should learn to be independent and go into the society to experience and feel. It is entirely their freedom and the school will not interfere. "But at the same time, they should be able to be responsible for their own civil behavior and the safety of going out. These are completely personal behaviors, and the school has no reason and no ability to be responsible." Lu Peng said.

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The following is the translation:

Whether we choose CPU for games or CPU for desktop applications, we have only two choices: AMD or Intel. Both companies have their own fans, so it is difficult for people who want to buy CPU to get pertinent advice, but in fact, the answer is obvious in many cases. In fact, for most people, AMD clearly wins. This conclusion is a big reversal, because AMD almost went bankrupt three years ago, but now it can compete with Intel in the chip market that has dominated for more than ten years.

This article discusses the endless debate between AMD and Intel’s desktop CPU from the aspects of personal computer’s purpose, price, performance, driver support, energy consumption and security (we don’t discuss notebook or server chips here), as well as the current situation of their competition. We will also discuss the process and architecture that changed the rules of the game. There is no doubt about the overall winner, but which CPU to choose should be comprehensively considered according to price, performance and the most important function.

1. price and value comparison between 1.AMD and Intel CPU.

No matter who it is, price is always the most important consideration, and in terms of value, AMD is hard to beat. AMD’s products have many additional advantages, such as integrated cooling, all models fully support overclocking, not to mention various software, such as the automatic overclocking function of Precision Boost Overdrive.

The extensive forward and backward compatibility of Socket AM4 motherboard also brings great benefits, and every penny you spend on the processor and motherboard is worth it. AMD also allows all motherboards except A series to overclock, which is also good news for users.

In addition, in the CPU war between AMD and Intel, we haven’t even discussed the new Pinan itself. We will see later that AMD’s modern processors tend to provide more cores, or more threads, and faster PCIe 4.0 at any price.

Although the price of Intel’s high-end desktop models is somewhat loose, the price of Intel chips is high. Intel’s models that don’t support overclocking have their own radiators (you need to spend more money to support overclocking), but the quality of these models can only be said to be acceptable. We have seen that Intel’s own radiator does not provide the best performance under factory settings. Obviously, this can’t be compared with AMD, and some models of AMD even support RGB radiators.

Intel’s expensive, overclocking K-series processors don’t even have a heat sink. So if you want to start with an Intel processor that can overclock, you must set aside a budget for the radiator. In contrast, most of AMD’s own radiators can be used for moderate overclocking. But if you want to buy Intel chips, then Core i5-9400F is worth considering. The processor doesn’t have an integrated graphics card, and it doesn’t support overclocking, but as an Intel Core i5, the price of $125 is very good.

Not only is the K-series that Intel can overclock expensive, but you also need to buy an expensive Z-series motherboard to release the full performance of CPU, because B-series or H-series motherboards are not allowed to overclock. Intel is also famous for changing the socket interface frequently, which means that it is unlikely to use a new processor on the old motherboard or install the old processor on the new motherboard. Therefore, when choosing Intel, we should seriously consider the issue of forward and backward compatibility. And you can’t use PCIe 4.0. Intel still uses PICe 3.0 bus, and its transmission rate is only half of AMD’s PCIe 4.0.

Although AMD has the highest performance-to-price ratio, the products with the highest performance at each price point have to pay an extra price, especially the Ruilong 9 3950X. Intel’s processors are far ahead of AMD in terms of performance. Although AMD will charge extra fees, the performance dispute has obviously ended.

Results: AMD won. When comparing the CPU of AMD and Intel, we need to consider the complete product line, especially when calculating the performance that each dollar can buy. However, if you want to buy an integrated graphics card, you can only choose Intel. We recommend Intel to most users who want to choose integrated graphics cards, especially when you want to play games.

2. Comparison of game performance between 2.AMD and Intel CPU.

In the CPU battle between AMD and Intel, Intel’s performance on each core still wins, which means that for lightweight threads and those applications that can’t make good use of multi-core and multi-threading, Intel’s performance is quite excellent. This is the case with most games. However, AMD is ahead in some key price bands, especially in end products, and our evaluation shows that AMD’s game performance is not inferior. Therefore, we have many choices at different price points.

Intel’s most expensive desktop processor, Core i9-9900K, can provide the best high-end game performance, while the mid-range product Core i9-9700K is not far behind. However, the difference in product performance between Intel and AMD’s corresponding price bands can’t make up for the extra expenses brought by choosing Intel, at least for most people.

The difference between AMD and Intel’s top products in game performance is almost hard to find, but the situation in mid-range products is more complicated. Referring to the previous classification, price is the ultimate measure, while AMD’s mid-range products win in several key aspects, and most consumers will buy it. On the contrary, Intel’s advantages are not so obvious.

To give full play to Intel’s advantages, you need a high-end CPU and a monitor with high refresh rate, and you also need to set the game to the outdated resolution of 1080p. If you choose 1440p or even higher resolution, you will hit the bottleneck of GPU, so the CPU can’t play its best performance. However, some extra CPU processing power can give you some room to upgrade your graphics card-AMD’s Big Navi and Nvidia’s GTX 3080/Ampere have been planned to be released this year.

We believe that most mid-range machines will use weak GPU, and its performance usually matches that of CPU. It is worth mentioning that AMD provides more cores and threads than Intel at all price points, so running chat applications, browsers and other tasks in the background when playing games will not have much impact on performance. If you want to play live games, AMD’s good ratio of core number to thread number makes it the best choice.

Whenever your CPU is fast enough, you should choose the best GPU in your budget, because CPU usually becomes a bottleneck. Therefore, you should always pay attention to our articles on the best game CPU and the best graphics card, as well as the comparison chart between CPU and GPU to ensure the best match between them.

Result: Intel won, but only because we measured the top performance. If you can squeeze out the performance of each frame, especially under overclocking conditions, then you should choose high-end Intel, whose top performance can also ensure that you will not be outdated when upgrading the GPU later. Just pay attention to the priority of selection.

In the mid-range products, AMD is usually a better choice, and unless you choose the fastest GPU with a display with low resolution and high refresh rate, the gap with Intel CPU will not be too big.

3. Performance of 3.AMD and Intel in terms of productivity and content creation

The performance battle outside the game is clearer. In terms of productivity and content creation, AMD chips win completely. AMD chips are equipped with extra cores, threads and caches, so measured by the performance that each dollar can buy, AMD wins.

Intel has fallen behind in the race to integrate more processor cores, and now AMD’s products in high-end desktop processing and mainstream desktop processors are far behind Intel. Think about it. AMD’s mainstream desktop processor, the 16-core Ruilong 9 3950X, provides twice as many cores and threads as Intel’s most powerful Core i9-9900K. At the same time, the number of cores of AMD’s high-end processor Ruilong Threadripper 3990X has reached 64 cores and 128 threads, which is 3.5 times that of Intel’s high-end model halo.

Whether it is a mainstream desktop processor or a high-end processor, AMD’s chips are much higher than Intel’s performance, so they are more expensive than the corresponding flagship products of Intel. However, you don’t need to spend too much money to enjoy the benefits of AMD chips. In almost every price range, AMD provides a higher number of cores and threads at a lower price. These extra cores make AMD win in almost all multi-threaded evaluations, such as image rendering and video processing.

Results: AMD won. The battle between AMD and Intel is almost one-sided for content creation and productivity applications that pursue performance. At present, AMD’s 6-core and more core products will not come with integrated graphics cards, which means that if you don’t want to buy a discrete graphics card, you can only choose Intel. But almost all professionals will choose discrete graphics cards.

4. Compare AMD and Intel processors in terms of specifications and features.

AMD has Ruilong 3, Ruilong 5, Ruilong 7, Ruilong 9 and Threadriper product lines, while Intel’s product lines are Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, Core i9 and Cascade Lake-X. The following table lists all products, comparing AMD and Intel processors in terms of specifications and performance, but for the sake of simplicity, we only focus on the top products on the corresponding product lines. Note that the two companies have cheap products in each product line, but from this table we can roughly feel the contrast between them. In terms of price, the suggested retail price and market price of the two companies are adopted.

Comparison of specifications and prices between AMD and Intel’s high-end desktop processors

The multi-core of high-end desktop processor can meet all the needs of content creators. Intel had no competitors in this field until AMD’s first-generation Threadripper product line broke this myth, and Threadripper 3000 product line completely defeated Intel.

We can see that in the comparison between AMD and Intel’s high-end desktop processors, the 64-core and 128-thread of AMD’s flagship product Threadripper 3990X are unmatched, while the 32-core and 24-core Threadripper 3970X and 3960X models are far ahead of Intel’s chips.

Intel’s high-end product line is divided into two series, among which Xeon W-3175X and W-3265 are suitable for luxurious and expensive LGA3647 motherboards. But this is not the most suitable system for computer enthusiasts, and its main market is professional workstations.

Intel’s high-end desktop products start with the 18-core Cascade Lake-X Core i9-10980XE, which uses the LGA2066 motherboard. Considering the price of the chip, its performance is very strong, but the number of cores of Threadripper is 3.5 times hard to beat, so basically Intel lost to AMD in the high-end desktop market.

With AMD’s Threadripper product line, you can get more cores, caches and faster PCIe 4.0, but you have to spend more money to support such a powerful processor. However, when considering the price per core, AMD is more cost-effective.

AMD and Intel’s high-end product specifications and prices

In the battle of high-end processors, AMD’s Ruilong 9 and Ruilong 7 families completely defeated Intel’s Core i9 and Core i7 product lines. Similarly, AMD’s 16-core 32-thread Ruilong 9 3950X has maintained its absolute leading edge, setting a new benchmark in terms of core count, performance and price.

Intel’s 8-core and 16-thread Core i9-9900K can’t match it, but from the price point of view, it can actually compete with AMD’s Ruilong 9 3900X. We see that in each price segment, AMD’s core number and price per core are dominant, and there are more caches, faster PCIe 4.0 and faster memory support. 9900K does lead in game performance, but it stops there. The performance of the 3900X is very close, and most players will not notice the difference between it and Intel, although there may be differences after upgrading the GPU.

So are the more mainstream Ruilong 7 and Core i7 markets. To be honest, these chips are what most gamers should buy. Here, AMD’s Ruilong 7 3700X can easily beat Intel’s Core i7-9700K, which has eight more threads and is more suitable for handling multiple tasks. Similarly, 9700K is still the king of the game world, but the Ruilong 7 family wins in the rest of the place.

Specifications and prices of mid-range and cheap processors from AMD and Intel

Regarding the midrange and cheap CPU of AMD and Intel, the Core i5 and i3 families are evenly matched with AMD’s Ruilong 5 and Ruilong 3 processors. This market constitutes the most important sales of AMD and Intel, so the price and value of these products are the most important.

AMD’s Ruilong 5 3600X has the same number of cores as Intel, but the number of threads is more than that of Core i5-9600K to balance the advantages of the latter in fundamental frequency and frequency doubling, so 3600X is the best cost-effective combination in mid-range products. You can even downgrade to the Ruilong 5 3600, and use AMD’s Precision Boost Overdrive to overclock with one button to get almost the same performance as 3600X. Tip: AMD models without X are the best cost performance.

AMD’s new products-the Ruilong 3 3300X without graphics card for only $120 and the Ruilong 3 3100 model for only $99 are also designed to resist Intel. Three years ago, Intel’s flagship chip cost about $350, with four cores and eight threads, but now AMD’s Ruilong 3 product line can provide the same number of cores and threads, but it only costs $99. These products have boosted the sales of each product line of AMD and dealt a fatal blow to the second-hand price of Intel’s old chips. AMD also announced the news of the upcoming B550 motherboard, bringing PCIe 4.0 products with higher cost performance into the low-end market.

AMD also focuses on the Ruilong 5 3400G and Ruilong 3 3200G APU to resist Intel’s Core i5-9400F, Core i3-9350K/F and Core i3-9100F models. AMD’s model integrates Vega’s graphics card unit and can run many low-end games. This is why the i5-9400F and i3-9100F are so popular, because consumers no longer need to spend $50 on a decent discrete graphics card. The new Ruilong 3 3300X and 3100 are not on the market yet, but we are eager to see how it will affect the market.

Both high-end desktop chips do not provide integrated graphics units. However, even if Intel sells its F-series chips without graphics cards at a discount, in the mainstream product line, Intel still has an advantage because of its own integrated graphics card.

On the contrary, AMD only provides integrated graphics cards on APU models, which means that any processor with more than four cores (or a processor with a price of more than $150) must be equipped with a discrete graphics card. This is a big disadvantage, because most mainstream users can’t play games with computers, so they have lost a large part of the professional market and OEM market. Intel’s iGPU is almost useless in games, but it is very suitable for display and QuickSync applications, while AMD’s iGPU provides the best gaming experience. However, the choice of AMD products is very limited, so a large part of the market is lost.

Results: AMD won. Comparing the specifications of AMD and Intel CPU, you will find that AMD provides more cores and threads, more cache, faster memory support, and PCIe 4.0 only for mid-range products and high-end products in each price segment. From the high-end desktop market to the high-end, mid-range and low-end markets, AMD’s Ryzen processor Ti provides more value than Intel’s processors.

5. overclocking comparison between 5.AMD and Intel CPU

There is no suspense in the comparison of overclocking. Intel provides the most overclocking space, which means that Intel chips can get higher performance with the same level of processors.

But as I said before, you have to spend extra money to buy an expensive Z-series motherboard to overclock, and you also need to buy a suitable third-party radiator (preferably water-cooled) to get the best performance of Intel. However, once equipped with all this, Intel’s chips can be easily pushed to the limit, and it can get the main frequency of more than 5GHz in the ninth-generation Coffee Lake Refresh processor.

AMD’s manual overclocking space is not so big. In fact, all cores can only overclock about several hundred MHz at most, even lower than single-core chips. This means that overclocking all cores may even lead to performance degradation of programs that do not use threads, although the decline is very small.

However, AMD provides the function of Precision Boost Overdrive, which can overclock with one button and squeeze out some extra performance from the basic performance of the chip, the power supply system of the motherboard and the cooling system of the CPU. AMD’s approach can achieve the best performance and will not encounter any difficulties. In either case, you can’t achieve the high frequency as Intel processors (AMD chips without liquid nitrogen cooling can reach 5.0GHz), but this performance improvement is free.

Result: Intel won. In discussing the overclocking problem between AMD and Intel, Intel provides more overclocking space and can achieve higher main frequency. Just need to pay an extra price. AMD’s method is more suitable for entry-level users, and it can achieve basic overclocking without much trouble, but the performance will not be improved too much.

6. Power consumption comparison between 6.AMD and Intel

Comparing the power consumption and heat dissipation of AMD and Intel, we will find that AMD’s 7 nm has brought great differences. Power consumption is a by-product of design, such as the architecture introduced below. However, high power consumption usually means high heat, so a better radiator is needed to balance the high heat generated by the chip.

Since the launch of the 14-nanometer process five years ago, Intel has been continuously improving the process, increasing the power consumption/performance ratio by 70%. However, it is no accident that Intel’s latest chip consumes more power and generates more heat. This is because each generation of Intel chips needs to increase power consumption to provide higher performance, so as to resist AMD’s attack. This will lead to some problems with its own radiator, and also require the motherboard to provide more powerful power. When the two are combined, Intel becomes a big power consumer.

On the contrary, AMD relies on TSMC’s 7 nm junction, which is more effective than Intel’s 14 nm process. AMD’s Ruilong 3000 series processors have lost some advantages because the package contains a central 14-nanometer I/O die, but overall, AMD’s 7-nanometer chip has lower power consumption or better performance-to-power ratio. Therefore, AMD can accomplish more work with the same power consumption, which is a win-win result for users. Moreover, AMD’s requirements for heat dissipation are not high.

Results: AMD won. Evaluating AMD and Intel by performance per watt will inevitably mention the role of denser processing nodes and more efficient micro-architecture, and TSMC’s 7 nm process and AMD’s Zen 2 are the strongest combination. The latest Ruilong chips consume less power and therefore generate less heat. This makes it very easy to dissipate heat.

7. CPU drivers and software of 7.AMD and Intel

In terms of software support, Intel has always had a good reputation. AMD’s CPU chip driver and graphics card driver often have problems, which is also one of the consequences of AMD’s shortage of manpower. Intel has not failed in drivers, but its reputation for stability has helped Intel win the processor market, especially the OEM market.

As for the existing products, the quality of Intel’s graphics card drivers is very good recently, because Intel has brought its Xe graphics card to the market. Providing graphics card drivers on the day of sale has become the default behavior of chip manufacturers, and the integrated graphics card in Intel chips has become the largest integrated graphics card in the world, running on billions of computers.

However, you should be cautious when chasing higher-end Intel products. In the past, Intel developed many creative new products, but all of them were thrown into the garbage dump of history because of price and market forces, and the long-term support of these products was not so perfect.

AMD’s products are still defective. AMD’s BIOS release often leads to some problems, which make the chip unable to play its full performance, although these problems can be solved after a series of updates. AMD is a small factory, which leads it to face the challenge of continuous optimization based on Intel architecture in the whole industry.

The survival of the semiconductor industry is very difficult, especially in the face of powerful competitors, and redefining the industry means breaking old things. As far as AMD is concerned, the old thing to be broken is that the operating system and applications are not optimized in a way that can give full play to the best performance of the first generation Zen architecture processor, let alone Zen 2 with a large number of cores.

Result: Intel won. Over the years, Intel has solved the driver update problem of its integrated graphics card, and the company also has a large group of software developers on standby to provide technical support for the latest software. Ten years of rule has also taught most software developers how to optimize Intel architecture. AMD has made great progress in changing the developer ecosystem and providing optimization for its Zen architecture, but there is still much room for improvement if it wants to keep moving forward.

8. Process comparison between 8.AMD and Intel

There are several main underlying technologies that can affect the potential of the chip. The most basic rule of processors is still valid: the densest processor nodes can win as long as they have enough power, performance and area characteristics (PPA) and a solid micro-architecture. If we use this standard to measure the CPU of AMD and Intel, we will find that AMD usually leads in process and architecture.

But whether AMD really takes the lead in the processor market is still a controversial topic. Unlike Intel, AMD does not produce its own processors. Instead, it is only responsible for designing the processor and then handing it over to an external foundry for the actual chip production. For example, AMD’s latest Ryzen processor uses the 12-nanometer process of GlobalFoundries and the 7-nanometer process of TSMC, and the latter is the most important.

Many companies use TSMC’s 7-nanometer node, including Apple and Huawei, so 7-nanometer technology has won the financial and engineering support of the whole industry. Therefore, by Intel’s own admission, the 7-nanometer process is more advanced than Intel’s own 10-nanometer and 14-nanometer processes. According to Intel, its own process can no longer gain the leading position before 2021, and Intel can’t regain the leading position in the industry before the 5-nanometer technology that I don’t know when it will be released appears.

TSMC’s 7 nm node means that AMD can build cheaper, faster and denser chips and integrate more cores, while still keeping power consumption within a specific range. This design can be more convenient.

Our article will not focus on Intel’s 10 nm technology. Intel’s desktop chips have been using 14 nm technology for five years, and it will not change in the foreseeable future, while its 10 nm technology is mediocre in notebooks. (Intel has not released a 10-nanometer chip with more than four cores. )

AMD will contract with TSMC to acquire higher-end technology regardless of whether it can take the lead from Intel by using the 7-nanometer node. This advantage gives AMD the most powerful blank paper for it to paint a picture of its micro-architecture and create a chip that Intel can’t beat.

The only thing AMD needs to worry about is the production capacity: Although AMD can produce the 7-nanometer process, TSMC cannot provide enough products to resist Intel’s powerful production capacity, at least in a short time. Therefore, AMD faces the problem of product shortage, so its penetration in the market may be limited. But maybe don’t worry too much, because Intel’s own products have been in short supply for a year. Especially after AMD’s new design forced Intel to increase the number of cores, Intel’s production capacity further declined, and the jump ticket of 10 nm technology led to problems in Intel’s production capacity.

Results: AMD (TSMC) won. Intel has been using 14nm technology on desktop processors for five years in a row. Intel has squeezed a lot of performance from the ancient design and designed a series of optimization measures. But all this can’t help Intel win the process war with AMD. Intel needs to come up with 10 nm or 7 nm desktop chips as soon as possible.

9. Architecture of 9.AMD and Intel

When comparing the CPU of AMD and Intel, we must consider two designs that have great influence on performance, scalability and performance per unit price: interconnection and micro-architecture.

AMD’s Infinity Fabric can combine multiple dies into one processor. It can be considered that this technology can put together multiple puzzles into a complete picture. AMD doesn’t need a big die, it can use many very small dies, which can improve the output and reduce the cost. This technology can also provide scalability that Intel’s grid interconnection technology can’t match, and obviously can beat Intel’s ancient ring bus technology on desktop processors.

AMD first applied this technology to Zen microarchitecture, which was designed to be extensible from the beginning. Therefore, compared with the previous generation Bulldozer chip, the number of instructions per clock cycle (IPC) increased explosively by 52%, and the latest Zen 2 microarchitecture used by Ryzen processor increased this number by 15% (calculated according to IPC). With the 7 nm process, AMD has improved the performance of each core by up to 31% (calculated by frequency and IPC).

As for the performance of each core, the migration to Zen 2 microarchitecture makes AMD processors almost comparable to Intel’s best products. The main reason is that Intel is still using the 14-nanometer process, and its micro-architecture is specially designed for 14-nanometer chips. This means that Intel’s new microarchitecture must be implemented on a smaller process (such as 10 nm), which leads to great difficulties for Intel’s 10 nm products.

Intel plans to improve this problem in the future, so that microarchitecture can be shared on different nodes. But until then, Intel can only use Skylake microarchitecture.

Results: AMD won. In terms of CPU architecture, it is clear that AMD has a faster pace. Intel has been using Skylae microarchitecture since 2015. AMD has made rapid progress in design, and has taken away the leading position in chip design from Intel.

10. Chip security of AMD and Intel

In recent five years, security researchers have been studying one of the technologies to improve the performance of modern chips: predictive execution engine. The results of these studies have led to the continuous discovery of a large number of security vulnerabilities, threatening the security and privacy of the system. Unfortunately, these vulnerabilities are very dangerous because they can’t be detected-the method of stealing data is completely in line with the design of the processor, so any known anti-virus software can’t detect them.

Fixing these vulnerabilities will lead to performance degradation, which is particularly painful for Intel, because there are many more vulnerabilities in its chips than other vendors.

Intel currently has 242 open vulnerabilities, while AMD has only 16, with a ratio of 15:1. It’s hard to say whether this is because the security of AMd chips is high, or because researchers rarely attack AMD chips-attackers will always target the chips with the highest market share. Similarly, at present, Windows, which has the highest share of desktop operating system, is attacked more than MacOS with Anu press, although this trend has changed recently.

In any case, there are far fewer security holes in AMD at present. We have seen that Intel’s architecture update has caused several performance degradation, and we don’t know when all the vulnerabilities will be solved.

Results: AMD won. The security difference between AMD and Intel cannot be ignored. Intel’s security vulnerabilities far exceed AMD’s. With the increase of AMD’s market share, this may change, and sub-cattle personnel are also increasingly studying AMD’s architecture. At present, Intel needs to spend more effort to repair its standards. These fixes usually reduce performance, which will cause Intel to lag further behind AMD in performance, so AMD wins.

11.AMD or Intel, which processor is better?

AMD’s Zen series processors have redefined our expectations for mainstream desktop processors and high-end desktop processors, and have caught up with Intel, which is still using the ancient 14-nanometer process and Skylake architecture. In the past few years, the focus of AMD’s CPU has shifted from high value and high energy consumption to optimal design, which can provide more cores, higher performance and lower power consumption.

Intel is slowly adding new features and cores to counter AMD, but it also has some negative effects, such as higher power consumption and heat dissipation. This can only prove that Intel is still struggling with design and chip manufacturers.

If Intel can reduce the price of mainstream products and relax the functional restrictions (such as overclocking) of high-end chips and motherboards in various product lines, the comparison between AMD and Intel may change dramatically. Intel’s strategy of squeezing the last penny out of every function gives AMD a lot of competition space.

Moreover, AMD’s performance can fully match its value. Intel still leads in the performance line of each core and still occupies a leading position in the game market, but this is only for the top-end product line. In the mid-range products with the largest share, AMD has strong competitiveness.

For a company that almost went bankrupt three years ago, it was a beautiful turnaround. AMD still has a lot to improve, such as expanding the ecosystem of its OEM partners and cooperating with the community to expand its software optimization. However, considering the excellent price, performance and value ratio, AMD is already very good.

Intel still has countless users who don’t need discrete graphics cards, especially in the huge OEM market, so there is still time to turn the tables. Intel’s Comet Lake processor will be released soon, but apart from the lower price, we don’t think another product with 14 nm technology will bring much change. However, AMD still can’t relax its vigilance.

At present, AMD has won the battle of CPU, but according to your own needs, perhaps Intel’s processor is still a better choice. If you want better overclocking, better gaming experience or software support, or you want productivity performance instead of buying a discrete graphics card, then Intel is better. But if you want to balance price and performance, then AMD is worth a try.

Comparison between AMD and Intel CPU

Original: https://www.tomshardware.com/features/amd-vs-intel-cpus

Original title: Battle between AMD and Intel: Which CPU is stronger? 》

Read the original text

　　From May, a number of new laws and regulations will be implemented one after another, involving land contracting, social security supervision and reporting, internet advertising, etc. Which one do you care most about?

　　The phased reduction of unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance rates will continue until the end of 2024.

　　The Notice of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Issues Related to Decreasing Unemployment Insurance and Work Injury Insurance Rates by Stages proposes that the policy of reducing unemployment insurance rates to 1% by stages will continue to be implemented from May 1, 2023, and the implementation period will be extended to the end of 2024. In the administrative areas of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), the rates of units and individuals shall be unified, and the personal rates shall not exceed the unit rates.

　　It can be reported that the highest reward is 100,000 yuan if it is found that social security is linked and remitted.

　　The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Measures for the Administration of Supervision and Reporting of Social Insurance Funds, which will be implemented on May 1, 2023.It is clear that any organization or individual can report in accordance with the Measures if the insured unit, individual or intermediary institution is suspected of any of the following circumstances.

　　Fictitious social insurance participation conditions and illegal payment by providing false certification materials.

　　Forge or alter relevant certificates, files and materials to defraud social insurance funds.

　　Organizing or assisting others to defraud the insured to pay back, retire early or apply for social insurance benefits in violation of regulations by forging or altering files and materials.

　　After an individual loses his eligibility for social insurance benefits, he or the relevant beneficiary fails to fulfill his obligation to inform or conceal the facts and enjoys social insurance benefits in violation of regulations.

　　Other cases of fraudulent acquisition, embezzlement or misappropriation of social insurance funds.

　　This method, together with the Interim Measures for Rewarding Supervision and Reporting of Social Insurance Funds, defines the reward standard for reporting.According to the amount of social insurance fund losses caused by verified illegal acts, it is calculated according to a certain proportion, and the maximum amount does not exceed 100,000 yuan.

　　The "Administrative Measures for Internet Advertising" and "Shangxin" regulate pop-up advertisements.

　　The newly revised Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising will come into effect on May 1st. The "Measures" refine the advertising supervision rules in key areas such as "soft-text advertisements", Internet advertisements with links, competitive ranking advertisements, advertisements published by algorithm recommendation, advertisements published live on the Internet, and advertisements subject to censorship in disguise; The jurisdiction of advertising spokespersons has been added. Among them, except in the case that laws and administrative regulations prohibit the publication or disguised publication of advertisements, if goods or services are promoted through knowledge introduction, experience sharing, consumption evaluation and other forms, and purchase methods such as shopping links are attached, the advertisement publisher shall clearly indicate "advertisement".

　　Wildlife protection and habitat strengthening have received more attention.

　　The newly revised Wildlife Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) has been implemented since May 1st. This law strengthens the protection of wildlife habitats and refines the measures for regulating wildlife populations. The law explicitly prohibits the consumption of wildlife under special state protection, terrestrial wildlife with important ecological, scientific and social values under state protection and other terrestrial wildlife, and prohibits hunting, trading and transporting terrestrial wildlife that naturally grows and breeds in the wild environment for the purpose of eating; And increase penalties for related violations.At the same time, it is stipulated that in an emergency situation where wild animals endanger personal safety, those who take measures to cause damage to wild animals will not bear legal responsibility according to law.

　　Recruitment will highlight the recruitment of high-quality soldiers.

　　The newly revised "Regulations on Conscription Work" came into effect on May 1, providing a strong guarantee for the replenishment and reserve of military personnel, the construction and consolidation of national defense and a strong army.There are six innovations in this revision, including highlighting the recruitment of high-quality soldiers, establishing a comprehensive evaluation and selection mechanism, clearly focusing on college students, and giving priority to ensuring the recruitment of college graduates and soldiers with special requirements for political, physical conditions or professional skills; Eligible retired soldiers can join the army again and give priority to the original army or the same type of post.

　　Remember the heroes and martyrs! The school is required to organize students to participate in the martyrs’ public sacrifice in an appropriate way.

　　The newly revised "Measures for Martyrs’ Public Sacrifice" will be implemented as of May 1st.Among them, it emphasizes the educational role of public sacrifice activities for young people, and requires schools at all levels and types to organize students to participate in martyrs’ public sacrifices in an appropriate way and strengthen patriotism, collectivism and socialism education.Standardize mass memorial activities, clarify that units and individuals should carry out memorial activities in a civilized and orderly manner, and accept the management of martyrs memorial facilities protection units, which provides principled guidance for individual citizens or relevant units to organize memorial activities for martyrs.

　　The validity of Hong Kong and Macao residents’ travel permits to and from the Mainland is extended.

　　In order to protect the rights and interests of Hong Kong and Macao residents travelling to and from the Mainland in accordance with the law, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Exit-Entry Administration decided to extend the validity period of Hong Kong and Macao residents’ travel permits from May 8. People’s Republic of China (PRC) Exit-Entry Administration decided,For the Home Visit Permit with the expiry date of January 1, 2020 to December 30, 2023, the validity period is extended to December 31, 2023.The holder of the above-mentioned original Home Visit Permit can go through the entry-exit border inspection procedures and travel to and from the Mainland with the certificate; After entering the mainland, you are allowed to go to the nearest exit-entry administration department of the public security organ at or above the county level to apply for a new Home Visit Permit.

　　It is clear that securities and futures institutions may not force the collection of information such as faces.

　　The Measures for the Administration of Network and Information Security in Securities and Futures Industry came into effect on May 1st. The Measures put forward assessment requirements for the necessity and safety of core institutions and operating institutions to collect customers’ biometric features.It is clear that biometric features such as face, gait, fingerprint, iris and voiceprint should not be used as the only way to authenticate customers, forcing customers to agree to collect their personal biometric information.

　　The new rules are clear! The rural land contract will be terminated in the following circumstances

　　The Measures for the Administration of Rural Land Contract shall come into force on May 1st. It is clear that,During the contract period, the contract is terminated under any of the following circumstances: the contractor dies; The contractor voluntarily returns all the contracted land; All the contracted management rights of land are transferred; The contracted land has been completely expropriated; Other circumstances stipulated by laws, regulations and rules.

On July 10, 2018, China National Intellectual Property Administration held a regular press conference in the third quarter of 2018, releasing important data in the first half of 2018, including China’s patent application, patent authorization and valid patent data, international patent application (PCT) related data, patent enforcement, patent reexamination invalid, and integrated circuit layout design related data; Data on the number of trademark applications and registrations and the progress in shortening the period of trademark registration review; Geographical indication product protection data, etc.

The picture shows the press conference.

[Moderator Hu Wenhui, Director of China National Intellectual Property Administration Office]Good morning, friends from the press! Welcome to China National Intellectual Property Administration’s press conference. This press conference is the third press conference held in China National Intellectual Property Administration this year, and it is also the first time that the Bureau has released the relevant statistical data of patents, trademarks and geographical indications to the society. I would like to thank all media friends for their concern and support for China’s intellectual property cause. Now, I’d like to introduce the leaders who attended today’s conference: Zhang Zhicheng, Director of Protection Coordination Department, Bi Nan, Director of Planning and Development Department, Zheng Huifen, Director of Examination Management Department of Patent Office, Cui Shoudong, Deputy Director of Trademark Office, and Zhao Meisheng, Deputy Director of Patent Management Department. I’m Hu Wenhui, spokesperson and director of the office. Next, we will release the important work statistics and relevant information of China National Intellectual Property Administration in the first half of 2018.

I. Main data

In the first half of 2018, China’s major intellectual property indicators achieved rapid growth, showing a good development momentum. The number of invention patent applications in China is 751,000. There were 217,000 invention patents authorized, including 171,000 domestic invention patents. In the domestic invention patent authorization, there are 159,000 service inventions, accounting for 93.2%; There were 12,000 off-duty inventions, accounting for 6.8%. In the first half of 2018, The top 10 domestic (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) enterprises in China are: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (1,775), China Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (1,569), Guangdong Opal Mobile Communications Co., Ltd. (1,520), State Grid Corporation (1,242), ZTE Corporation (1,028) and BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd. Zhuhai Gree Electric Co., Ltd. (787 pieces), Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (697 pieces), Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (664 pieces) and China Oil and Gas Co., Ltd. (557 pieces).

By the end of June 2018, the number of invention patents in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) totaled 1.475 million, and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population reached 10.6. The top 10 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China are: Beijing (102.5), Shanghai (44.5), Jiangsu (24.4), Zhejiang (21.6), Guangdong (20.8), Tianjin (19.6) and Shaanxi (9.6). In the first half of 2018, China National Intellectual Property Administration accepted 23,000 patent applications for the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), up 6.3% year-on-year. Among them, 21,600 were from China, up 7.6% year-on-year. In the first half of 2018, there were seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with more than 500 PCT patent applications, followed by Guangdong (10,700), Beijing (2,800), Jiangsu (2,200), Shanghai (1,000), Shandong (800), Zhejiang (800) and Hubei (7,000). In the first half of 2018, the number of patent reexamination requests was 18,400, and the number of closed cases was 15,600. The number of cases requesting invalidation was 2,445, and the number of cases closed was 2,433.

In the first half of 2018, our bureau received 1,993 applications for integrated circuit layout design and 1,636 certificates for integrated circuit layout design. In the first half of 2018, the number of trademark registration applications in China was 3.586 million; 3.065 million trademark reviews were completed. By the end of June 2018, the cumulative number of trademark applications in China was 31.428 million, the cumulative number of registered trademarks was 19.395 million, and the number of valid registered trademarks was 16.807 million, with an average of one valid trademark for every 6.1 market entities; 4,395 collective trademarks and certification trademarks of geographical indications were approved, including 171 from abroad. The review period of trademark registration has been shortened from 8 months to about 7 months. In the first half of 2018, China accepted 10 new applications for the protection of geographical indication products, 46 newly approved products for the protection of geographical indications, and 135 newly approved enterprises for the use of special signs for geographical indication products. By the end of June 2018, a total of 2,359 geographical indication products had been protected, including 2,298 in China and 61 abroad; Accumulated 24 national geographical indication product protection demonstration zones; A total of 8,091 enterprises using special signs have been approved, and the relevant output value exceeds 1 trillion yuan. In the first half of 2018, the total number of patent administrative law enforcement cases nationwide was 19,900. Among them, 12,400 cases of patent disputes were handled (including 12,100 cases of patent infringement disputes) and 7,541 cases of counterfeit patents were investigated.

Second, the main features

First, the level of creation and application of intellectual property rights in China has progressed steadily. In the first half of 2018, the number of domestic invention patents granted and owned in China increased steadily, increasing by 6.5% and 19.5% respectively compared with the same period of last year; The number of invention patents per 10,000 population increased by 0.8 compared with the end of 2017. The proportion of invention patents authorized and owned in China has steadily increased, reaching 78.8% and 69.0% respectively. The level of trademark registration facilitation has been continuously improved. By the end of June 2018, six trademark examination cooperation centers and 123 trademark acceptance windows had been established nationwide; In the first half of 2018, the number of trademark registration applications increased by 57.5% year-on-year. Second, the dominant position of domestic enterprises in innovation continues to be consolidated. In the first half of 2018, enterprises accounted for 63.8% and 67.2% of the domestic invention patents granted and owned, respectively, up by 3.1 and 1.0 percentage points over the same period of last year; The contribution rate of enterprises to the growth of domestic invention patent applications in China reached 66.9%. The maintenance rate of effective invention patents of domestic enterprises for more than five years reached 71.2%, an increase of 3.9 percentage points over the end of last year.

Third, the overseas intellectual property applications of Chinese enterprises have steadily increased. In the first half of 2018, 17 domestic enterprises submitted more than 100 PCT international patent applications, which was the same as the same period of last year. Among them, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Ping An Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd. all exceeded 1,000 pieces. From January to May 2018, there were 2,228 applications for international registration of Madrid trademarks in China, up 80.69% year-on-year, ranking third in Madrid Union. Fourth, China’s intellectual property protection environment has been further optimized. In the first half of 2018, the total number of patent administrative law enforcement cases nationwide increased by 29.5% year-on-year, of which the number of patent disputes increased by 41.0% year-on-year, and the number of counterfeit patent cases increased by 14.1% year-on-year. Investigated and dealt with 13,600 trademark violation cases, with a case value exceeding 210 million yuan. China has further shaped a good business environment and innovation environment.

The above is the important work statistics and relevant information of our bureau in the first half of 2018. Next, please ask reporters to ask questions on related issues, and please inform your media when you ask questions.

[Guangming Daily reporter]What I want to ask is, in the data just released, the number of invention patents in China in the first half of this year has accounted for 70%. Does this mean that the quality and quantity of invention patents in China have been greatly improved? In addition, everyone has paid more attention to the quality of our domestic invention patents recently. Please introduce our practice in improving the quality of patents.

[Hu Wenhui]The question you asked is very good. In terms of the division of functions, the statistics of this piece of data are in the Planning Department. Please ask Director Bi to answer the previous questions first.

[Bi Nan, Director of Planning and Development Department of China National Intellectual Property Administration]Thank you for your question. As you mentioned, by the end of June this year, China’s domestic invention patents accounted for nearly 70%. Our statistics also show that among the 35 technical fields classified by the World Intellectual Property Organization, the number of domestic invention patents is higher than that of foreign invention patents in 32 fields, and there is a gap with foreign countries only in optics, medical technology and engine turbines. In terms of quantity, the advantages of domestic invention patents are obvious.

But this advantage in quantity does not mean that it also has an advantage in quality. From a statistical point of view, among all the valid invention patents, among the 35 fields mentioned just now, the number of 28 technical fields is less than that of foreign countries, especially in the six fields of optics, electrical and mechanical devices, audio-visual technology, medical technology, transportation and computer technology. The gap between China and foreign countries is obvious, including chip technology. Therefore, we should clearly see that China still has shortcomings in the core technology field, and we need to strive to improve the quality of patents, continuously strengthen the layout of high-quality core patents in key technology fields, continue to strengthen the protection and application of patents in key technology fields, and make up for the shortcomings of patents in core technology fields in the process of high-quality development. This is the first half of my answer to your question. Thank you.

[Hu Wenhui]The quality of patent examination is mainly the responsibility of Minister Zheng of the examination business department. Please answer him.

[Zheng Huifen, Director of Examination Business Management Department of China National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Office]Regarding the improvement of patent quality, we have been implementing the patent quality improvement project since 2016. This project includes the whole chain of patent creation, application, agency, examination, protection and application, and the quality improvement of all links. In short, it is divided into four sub-projects. One is about creation, and we think creation is the source.

The second is application and agency, which is also very important. It involves the quality of application documents and the scope of protection.

The third aspect is the review aspect, which we are actually mainly responsible for. It is the key to improve the quality of patent examination to properly authorize patent examination, avoid improper authorization and provide the public with patent rights with clear and appropriate protection scope and stable and predictable rights.

The fourth aspect is the follow-up protection and application.

It has been almost two years since the implementation of the patent quality improvement project in 2016, and we think the society should also be able to see the actual effect of quality improvement. Last year, we conducted a third-party social satisfaction survey on censorship, and 70% of the respondents said that they had felt the improvement in quality, especially in censorship, such as the results of retrieval, and now the quality is also improving. We will continue to increase our efforts in this regard in the future. Thank you for your question.

[Reporter of China Intellectual Property News]I want to ask Director Zhang a question about geographical indications. Geographical indications are an important part in the field of intellectual property rights, and this year is a new function of overall work. I would like to ask how the re-established China National Intellectual Property Administration will carry out the protection of geographical indications in the future.

[Zhang Zhicheng, Director of Protection and Coordination Department of China National Intellectual Property Administration]Thank you for your question. Geographical indications are one of the important types of intellectual property rights. Strengthening the protection of geographical indications is of great significance for improving the quality and market competitiveness of protected products, increasing the added value of products and farmers’ income, safeguarding consumers’ rights and interests, promoting local economic development and protecting traditional cultural heritage.

In March this year, a meeting of the 13th National People’s Congress of China voted and passed the "Institutional Reform Plan of the State Council". According to the requirements of the plan, the re-established China National Intellectual Property Administration was responsible for the protection of geographical indications, which laid the institutional and institutional foundation for the effective protection of geographical indication products. Just now, the spokesman introduced the data and achievements of the protection of geographical indication products in China. Your question is mainly about the next step. In the next step, we will focus on strengthening the protection system of geographical indication products, continue to strengthen the protection of geographical indication products, continue to promote international mutual recognition and mutual protection of geographical indication products, strengthen the work of poverty alleviation in the protection of geographical indication products, and further promote the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" work in the protection of geographical indication products. This is our initial consideration.

[Reporter of Xiaokang Magazine]I would like to ask the host a question about a recently released film called Dying to Survive, which has been released for just one week. Now the box office has exceeded 1.5 billion, and a hot spot of people’s livelihood-patented drugs and generic drugs have been pushed to the forefront again. What is the current situation of drug patent protection in China? Are there any relevant policies in the future that can guarantee universal medical care to the maximum extent, so that ordinary people can be cured and escorted?

[Hu Wenhui]This is a very good question. Dying to Survive’s movie, which may have been seen by many comrades present here, happened to be seen by me just a few days ago. It was really touching. It seems that I didn’t mention the issue of patents from the film, but I believe that the intellectual property owners, especially our comrades engaged in intellectual property work, may all realize that this film involves the issue of patented drugs, which is of concern to everyone.

This is how I look at this problem. First of all, from the international practice of intellectual property rights, the protection of drugs has always been an international problem, mainly to balance the interests between drug-related enterprises and the public. Internationally, some countries will introduce some patent compensation period systems to extend the protection period of drug patents, but at the same time, they will also introduce some restrictive measures, such as compulsory licensing of patents and other systems, which will form a balance between the two systems.

From the perspective of public interest, if our pharmaceutical companies do not have the motivation to develop new and effective drugs as soon as possible, it will actually be a great harm to the public interest. On the other hand, if the price of drugs developed is too high for the public to use, it is also a great harm to the public interest. So there must be a balance between these two aspects.

As far as our country is concerned, since the implementation of the patent law in 1985, we have been making a balanced consideration in this regard. On the one hand, we have had strict patent protection for drugs since 1985, and at the same time, we have always had the relevant system of compulsory patent licensing, and we have been constantly improving the relevant system in the process of amending the previous patent law. At present, the fourth revision of the patent law is under way. Because the plan has not yet been announced, it is not convenient to tell you the details of the revision here. Friends from the media are also welcome to continue to pay attention to the revision of the patent law, and then we will work together to achieve the goal you just mentioned, so that ordinary people can have good medicine and can afford it.

That’s all I have to answer.

[Reporter of Legal Daily]My question is for Director Zhao. Intellectual property protection has always been a hot topic of social concern. What special work did China National Intellectual Property Administration do in this area in the first half of this year?

[Zhao Meisheng, Deputy Director of China National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Management Department]Thank you for your question. In the first half of the year, we mainly took the following measures to improve the effectiveness of cracking down on infringement and counterfeiting: First, we further strengthened law enforcement and handling cases. We will further promote the "Thunder" special action of intellectual property law enforcement and rights protection, and organize centralized inspections and centralized rectification for key areas and key links.

The second is to continuously improve the quality of law enforcement cases. Complete the selection of ten typical cases of patent administrative law enforcement in 2017, and organize the evaluation of patent law enforcement files in 2017.

The third is to continuously improve the law enforcement cooperation mechanism. In-depth promotion of cross-regional intellectual property law enforcement cooperation such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Economic Belt and "Belt and Road".

The fourth is to accelerate the construction of protection centers. To study and draft the Guidelines for the Construction and Operation of Intellectual Property Protection Centers to provide normative guidance for the construction and operation of intellectual property protection centers. Up to now, 19 intellectual property protection centers have been approved.

Fifth, actively promote the construction of social credit system. Solidly promote the construction of part of the Intellectual Property Office of the National Credit Information Sharing Platform Project (Phase II) and actively promote the establishment of a joint disciplinary mechanism.

[Reporter from China Business News]I’d like to put this question to Director Cui Shoudong and Minister Zheng, which is about the review cycle. We know that on June 28th, Premier Li Keqiang delivered a very important speech at the national teleconference on deepening the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform and transforming government functions, in which he mentioned that the time for trademark registration examination should be reduced to less than four months within five years, the examination period of invention patents should be reduced by one third, and the examination period of high-value patents should be reduced by half. We are all very concerned about what measures China National Intellectual Property Administration will take to implement this goal and task?

[Cui Shoudong, Deputy Director of China National Intellectual Property Administration Trademark Office (director level)]Thanks to the reporter of the industrial and commercial news, I feel very cordial. The issue of shortening the trademark review cycle should be said to be an old topic. It is not the first time that the Prime Minister has proposed shortening the trademark review cycle. In the government work reports of the two sessions this year, the Prime Minister specifically mentioned shortening the trademark review cycle significantly.

Trademark review has attracted the attention of the whole society at present, and the CPC Central Committee and the State Council also attach great importance to it. The Trademark Office has been paying close attention to trademark review and has done a lot of hard work for many years. Especially in recent years, we have carried out a series of reforms in shortening the period of trademark examination. At present, we are also facing a contradiction. On the one hand, the number of trademark applications has increased rapidly. Far from it, the number of trademark applications in 2014 was 2.28 million, in 2015 it was 2.87 million, in 2016 it reached 3.69 million, and in 2017 it reached 5.74 million. From the first half of this year to June, it has reached 3.58 million, which is the highest in history, with more than 759,000 a month. Yesterday, the Trademark Office held an analysis meeting on trademark reform in the first half of the year. It is estimated that the number of trademark applications will exceed 8 million this year. On the other hand, with the rapid increase of market players, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the people demand that the trademark review cycle be shortened.

In this case, the Trademark Office has taken many measures, especially in 2016 and 2017, which successively introduced a series of measures to facilitate the reform of trademark registration, greatly shortening the review period of trademark registration. On March 20, 2018, the former General Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce issued the "Three-year Plan for the Reform of Trademark Registration Facilitation", and the Prime Minister also gave instructions on our work, affirming our measures of self-pressure and optimizing the business environment. The new Trademark Law stipulates that the examination period of trademark registration is 9 months, which was shortened to 8 months at the end of last year, 7 months and 2 days in the first half of this year, 6 months at the end of this year, 5 months next year, and 4 months in 2020. This is the main task of the three-year plan, and the examination period including the follow-up procedures of trademark registration will be shortened accordingly.

Therefore, we have taken a series of measures to shorten the review cycle, mainly including: further optimizing the process, especially using information technology in the trademark review system; To establish a review cooperation center outside Beijing, Zhengzhou and Jinan will be added this year, so that we have six review cooperation centers. The Trademark Office insists on relying on reform, technology and system. We are confident to do a good job in reform and fulfill the requirements put forward by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Thank you for your question!

[Zheng Huifen]Thank you for your question. In fact, the problems we encountered are very similar to those encountered by the Trademark Office just now.

As the spokesman said just now, the number of applications for invention patents in the first half of this year was 751,000. As we all know, the number of applications last year was 1.382 million. That is to say, in recent years, the growth rate of invention patent applications in China has actually been very high, so in this case, the examination period of invention patents is 22 months. In order to implement the State Council’s important decision to reduce the examination period of invention patents, we will work from several aspects in the next step.

One is to further strengthen the construction of the examiner team, and strive to build a team of examiners with strong ability and high quality to provide a strong talent guarantee for the examination work.

Secondly, according to the principle of quality first and benefit first, we should innovate the mechanism mode of work, optimize the examination management process, strengthen the fine allocation of human resources and examination case sources, and earnestly demand efficiency from management.

The third aspect is that we should continue to promote information construction, increase the application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data in the review work, and strive to promote the efficiency change and quality change of the review work.

The fourth aspect is that we actively strengthen communication and coordination with relevant departments, and actively strive for the support and cooperation of all sectors of society, including applicants, because the review work is not only the review, but also the cooperation of applicants, and we must do a solid job in ensuring all conditions.

At present, I hope that through the work in these aspects, we can finally reduce the examination period of invention patents by one third and the examination period of high value by half within five years.

I hope my answer will satisfy you.

[Hu Wenhui]Because of time, today’s press conference is here. Thank you again for your understanding and support. Thank you!

　　 Ducati’s "Monster" made its stunning debut at Colombo 20 years ago, which was greatly appreciated by the industry and the audience. The following year, "Monster" went on the market quickly, thus opening up a new market for NK streetcars. Over the years, Monster has continued to evolve and sell well, becoming the most popular car in Ducati. By the end of 2012, the total sales volume of this classic NK has exceeded 250,000 vehicles.

　　 2013 is the 20th anniversary of the launch of Monster. At this special moment, Ducati launched the 20th anniversary edition of Monster 696, 796 and 1100 EVO as a celebration of this long-lived classic NK.

　　 At present, NK streetcars are like crucian carp crossing the river, and Ducati "monster" can continue to be favored. One of the capital is its light and flexible handling performance. As the leader of the family, Monster 1100 EVO certainly can’t lose its courtesy, and further implement the principle of "the lighter the better", so that this "big car" with a displacement of 1078mL has a net mass of 169kg, which is the most compact and lightweight among similar competitors. It really makes people sit up and take notice. The skeleton of the "monster" is, of course, Ducati’s iconic steel tube bird’s nest frame, and at the same time, it is equipped with an aluminum alloy subframe, which is firm and light in structure. On the left side of the car body is a simple aluminum alloy single-sided rocker arm, which not only reduces the weight, but also fully displays the exquisite 10-spoke rim and double exhaust pipes on the right side, and at the same time strengthens the sports modeling of Monster 1100 EVO. The suspension system is also unconventional. The front wheel is equipped with Mazuqi 43mm inverted front fork positioned by sports car, and the rear part is equipped with Sachs single-tube shock absorber, which takes into account the sportiness and comfort in various road conditions.

　　 Different from the KYB fork of "Brothers", the front fork of "Big Brother" can adjust the preload, compression and rebound damping, which is convenient for the rider to "tailor-made". Although the Monster 1100 EVO is light, once you turn the throttle, you will immediately realize that this is definitely not a "car". The cylinder diameter and stroke of Monster 1100 EVO are the same as those of the previous Monster 1000, and the displacement remains unchanged at 1078mL, but the shape of air inlet and combustion chamber has been adjusted, and the efficiency has been improved. The new camshaft increases the valve lift, which makes the L-shaped double cylinder "breathe" deeper; The piston is also redesigned to obtain a higher compression ratio, from the previous 10.7:1 to 11.3:1. Ducati also tampered with the exhaust system of Monster 1100 EVO. The new 2-1-2 exhaust system not only gives people a strong feeling, but also has an electronically controlled valve, which is of great benefit to optimizing the torque output of EVO engine. After some transformation inside and outside, the new EVO engine can explode more energy. This is the first air-cooled 2-valve L-shaped twin-cylinder with a power of 73kW in Ducati, with a maximum power of 73.5kW(7500r/min) and a maximum torque of 103N·m, which will explode at a speed of 6000r/min.

　　 Ducati claims that the EVO engine can provide more stimulation for the rider, especially in the higher speed range, the performance of the L-shaped twin-cylinder is more powerful; At the same time, the torque curve shows distinct linear characteristics, so the rider will feel the power output more stable and smooth. The crankcase also contains mystery, and the vacuum die casting process used for super motorcycles was adopted in the manufacture, which reduced the problems of porosity and oxidation of castings and further improved the quality. Therefore, Ducati engineers reset the values such as the wall thickness of the crankcase, and further reduced the weight on the premise of meeting the strength requirements. The wet multi-disc clutch is responsible for transmitting power, which has the function of sliding clutch of sports car, and can alleviate the unstable situation at the rear when downshifting sharply at high speed.

　　 Monster 1100 EVO not only provides more driving pleasure, but also enhances the safety factor. This is the newly configured Ducati Safety Package (DSP), which is composed of DTC+ABS. One of the contents is the traction control system, which provides four modes to choose from, and the interference degree is enhanced step by step. Mode 4 is high interference, even the slightest rear wheel slip will be quickly repaired; Mode 1 is low interference and suitable for aggressive riders. When DTC is activated, the system compares the speed difference through the front and rear wheel sensors. Once the rear wheel shows signs of slipping, the traction control system will comprehensively analyze the data provided by various sensors and flexibly call two electronic intervention measures. The first is "soft" measures, mainly by delaying ignition to reduce power output. If DTC finds that the "soft" measures are not enough to control the rear wheel slip, it will further activate the "hard" measures, and order the engine ECU to reduce the fuel supply while continuing to adjust the ignition delay until the fuel supply is completely cut off. When the rear wheel slip is repaired, the normal power output will be restored immediately.

　　 Ducati claimed that the DTC intervention of Monster1100 EVO was smooth and natural, which further stimulated the rider’s confidence, especially the acceleration in the middle of the curve became safer. Another content of DSP is BOSCH-ABS. The control unit reads the speed information on the wheel sensor in real time, and once the speed difference is found to be lower than the safety standard, it immediately gives an instruction, and the electronically controlled valve opens accordingly, thus reducing the hydraulic pressure on the brake caliper; When the speed difference returns to a reasonable limit, the valve will close. This device enhances the safety factor and effectively reduces the danger of rear wheel locking when braking violently or when braking on low-grip roads. This anti-lock braking system is the standard configuration of Monster 1100 EVO, and it is optional equipment for Monster 696 and 796. Although Ducati has launched Streetfighter, the NK overlord with super performance, Monster 1100 EVO still has many fans because of its obvious advantages: abundant power and easy control, suitable for most ordinary riders; The weight of 169kg is light and easy to play with; In particular, the handle is slightly higher, the sitting posture is comfortable and natural, and it is not easy to get tired after a long journey, which is obviously better than the militant Streetfighter. Of course, silver is also a key factor. The suggested retail price of Monster1100 EVO is $11,995.It is 3000 dollars cheaper than the standard version of Streetfighter.

　　Cctv news The spring breeze is thousands of miles, and there are thousands of people who are literate. On the eve of the Spring Festival in the Year of the Rabbit, in order to inherit Chinese excellent traditional culture and add festive atmosphere, under the guidance of the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, we will continue to promote the creative implementation of "Go to the People — — Study and implement the 20 spiritual literary and artistic practice series activities "continue to develop in depth. On January 16th, Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Center held a grand "Spring Breeze — — "Spring Festival Show and Huimin Activity", attended by Qian Gang, member of the party group and deputy director of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, Yang Shufa, director of public service department and first-class researcher, and Song Lili, director of non-legacy department, gathered together with the masses and workers of provincial cultural centers.

　　At the 2022 annual summary meeting held by all cadres and workers of Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Center, curator Zhao Yanguo reviewed and summarized the key work completed by the provincial cultural center in the past year on behalf of the leadership of the museum, thanked the staff of the museum for their hard work in the past year and commended the outstanding staff, and made a new prospect for the work of the museum in 2023. Qian Gang, deputy director of the Provincial Cultural Center, sent New Year greetings to all cadres and workers, and raised ardent hopes for the development of the museum in 2023.

　　"Static" painting and calligraphy photography exhibition and non-legacy exhibition show the best wishes.

　　In the morning, the Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Center was full of people and was very lively. In the art exhibition hall on the fourth floor, "the spring breeze is moist — — "Spring Festival Painting and Calligraphy Photography Exhibition" shows the Jiangsu picture of the new era and new life with elegant brushstrokes, affectionate colors and colorful lenses. The exhibition specially invited the works of some famous painters and calligraphers in the province to participate, and also received the active participation of cultural centers in various cities in the province, focusing on recommending more than 50 outstanding works created by art and calligraphy workers and enthusiasts in cultural centers in the province.

　　In the non-legacy space on the third floor, "Beauty is inherited — — Collection Exhibition of Jiangsu Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center ",featuring traditional arts, traditional techniques and other categories, is included in the list of representative works of human intangible cultural heritage, and the collection works of national and provincial intangible cultural heritage representative projects. The masses can also enjoy the wonderful content of the exhibition online through the platform of "Jiangsu Public Culture Cloud".

　　"Dynamic" Huimin performance, sending blessings to bring full blessings

　　Entering Qingkui Theater, a performance of welcoming the Spring and benefiting the people, which was planned and directed by the business cadres of the provincial cultural centers, was diverse, rich in content and lively in atmosphere. There were instrumental performances of singing and dancing in praise of the motherland and blessing the hometown, as well as cross talk magic acrobatics close to the people and integrated into life. There was even a tour of Jinling created by Xu Chunhua, a national non-genetic inheritor, and interpreted by her disciples. The event specially invited Shi Xiaming, dean of the Kunqu Opera Theatre of Jiangsu Performing Arts Group and a national first-class actor, and brought the classic selection of Kunqu Opera "Peony Pavilion" to the audience, which won applause from the audience.

　　Happy New Year, Kirin sends happiness to Ankang. At the south gate of the provincial cultural center, the Spring Festival couplets written by Zhao Yanguo, director of the provincial cultural center, are prominently posted on the gate. Qi Xin is forging ahead, and the rabbit’s hair is painted with a Chinese chapter, which sets off a strong flavor of the New Year. The lively lion dance performance attracted many citizens to gather, and the relevant leaders of the hall and the cadres and workers in the museum were jubilant and busy, sending more than 100 pairs of blessings written by famous calligraphers in the province to the citizens and friends.

Paddle blows the current, and the waves stop the flying boat. From September 26th to 29th, 2024 National Rowing Championship was held in Sichuan Water Sports Management Center. A total of 238 boats from 23 teams and 663 athletes from Hubei, Guangdong, Sichuan and other provinces and cities competed fiercely in the Sichuan Water Sports Management Center. A total of 40 athletes from our province participated in 8 events in 9 boats, and won 5 gold medals successfully. The total number of gold medals ranked first in this national rowing championship, and 17 athletes from 3 boats from Hubei team were selected for the new national rowing team.

This tournament is the highest-level rowing single event in China this year. According to Group A and Group B (U23), there are 28 events including single, double, four and eight.

The performance of our team members in the final on September 29th was exciting. In the men’s single sculls final of Group B (U23), john young was the first player to win the first gold medal for Hubei.

In the women’s four-person single paddle event in Group A, Wu Yongmei, Lin Xinyu, Ju Rui and Yang Rongrong easily won the laurels with their superb skills;

In the men’s four-person single paddle event in Group A, members Li Wenlei, Zhang Lutong, Sun Lu and Zheng Yaming struggled to win the gold medal easily;

Group B (U23) women’s quadruple sculls, in which players Wang Yutong, Lu Ming, Li Yimeng and Zhao Liangyu dared to fight and live up to expectations, and then won the gold medal;

At the finale, Cao Chuang, Liu Hao, Li Chun, Zhang Maolin, Yang Yue, Cong Sheng, Liu Dang, Shen Yushuang and Song Jiayi, the men’s eight-person single oar helmsman competition in Group A, worked hard and won the gold medal. This is also the second time that the Hubei team won the gold medal in this project after a lapse of 25 years. The last time it won the gold medal was the National Rowing Championships in 1999, and now it is of great significance to win the gold medal again.

The person in charge of the provincial aquatic center said that the competition in this national rowing championship is fierce. Although the Hubei team has achieved more than expected results, the competition has ended and everything has to start all over again. Next year’s Greater Bay Area National Games will be the final test of this cycle, and the time is tight, and the task is heavy. Next, the water center will comprehensively analyze and summarize the shortcomings, and devote itself to the winter training and preparation training as soon as possible, go all out, adjust the state, constantly improve the special skills, lay a solid foundation for the National Games, meet the challenges with the best attitude, strive to create new achievements, and contribute water power to accelerate the construction of a strong sports province in Hubei to a higher level!

The competition was hosted by the Water Sports Management Center of the State Sports General Administration, the China Rowing Association and the Sichuan Provincial Sports Bureau, and was undertaken by the Xinjin District People’s Government of Chengdu, the Sichuan Water Sports Management Center and the Sichuan Rowing and Kayaking Association.