Since 1998, Professor Wang Jiansheng from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University has been giving health lectures and free clinics at the grassroots level with the team. No fewer than 100,000 pairs of breasts have been palpated by Dr. Wang Jiansheng.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in China. More and more people begin to pay attention to breast cancer screening, just to find breast cancer early.
After checking 100,000 breasts, Dr. Wang Jiansheng has this health advice:
Healthy breasts are like steamed buns.
Good breasts are like steamed steamed buns, which can be pressed to the end at once on the chopping block. If there is anything in the middle, it is abnormal, such as mung beans, corn-stuffed Doo, jujube, eggs …
The texture of the breast is also very important: "soft" means the feeling of pressing your fingers to your lips, and pressing your nose is called medium hardness. If you press your forehead, this feeling is hard.
There are four common breast diseases.
There are four common diseases of breast, mainly hyperplasia, fibroma, mastitis and breast cancer.
1 Breast hyperplasia: the most common
The most common is mammary gland hyperplasia, and 70%-80% of women have mammary gland hyperplasia in different degrees. Breast hyperplasia is not as terrible as everyone thinks. It is important to keep a good mood.
Young people’s slight breast pain can generally be ignored. If it really hurts badly, you can take some Chinese patent medicines under the guidance of a doctor to relieve it.
Breast fibroma: It is more common in young women aged 20-30.
If you feel a pimple in your breast and still run around, you should worry about whether it is breast fibroadenoma. This is the most common benign breast tumor, which is related to endocrine hormone imbalance.
Due to the increase of estrogen during pregnancy, this pimple will become bigger. Although it does not affect breastfeeding, it is still recommended to deal with it. Although the chance of malignant transformation of breast fibroadenoma is very small, once it is formed, it is difficult to solve the problem simply by relying on drugs, and it will never disappear on its own. Surgery is the only effective way. It is suggested that patients with tumors over 1.5 cm should be surgically removed.
3 Mastitis: Be vigilant during lactation.
Inflammation of mammary gland is generally manifested as redness, swelling and heat pain. Breast of lactating women is full of milk, and there are some bacteria on the body surface. If the nipple is bitten by a child, it is even more necessary to be vigilant against this disease.
4 Breast cancer: Pay more attention after 30 years old.
For breast cancer, it is late if there are orange peel-like changes and obvious lumps in the armpits.
Therefore, regular physical examination is very important, and we should also pay attention to the changes of breasts in time. When we find that there is a different texture and appearance, we should see a doctor in time, and we should not avoid medical treatment.
Four tricks to make you have healthy breasts
1 keep a good mood
Women’s breast health is closely related to their mood. Long-term tension and depression will lead to benign diseases such as breast pain, lump and hyperplasia of mammary glands. This is because when you are in a bad mood or nervous, it will affect the secretion and metabolism of endocrine hormones through the role of hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland axis, and imbalance will be caused.
2 Reduce the high-fat diet
According to the results of "Clinical Trial of Breast Cancer Transformation" published at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), the risk of women dying from invasive breast cancer on a low-fat diet is reduced by about 8 years, and the survival rate is also improved.
Therefore, eating foods with high fat and high calorie as little as possible and eating more Chinese cabbage, corn, bean products, kelp, yogurt and fruits is of great benefit to preventing breast diseases.
3 Wear a suitable bra
A bra can support and protect the chest, but you should also choose a comfortable bra. Some women like to choose a bra that can squeeze out a "deep V", but this will inevitably cause oppression and restraint on the breast, hinder lymphatic reflux and venous blood return in the breast, and lead to slow metabolism.
It is recommended that you wear a bra for no more than 8 hours. After 50 years old, you should choose less bras with steel brackets or fiber texture to prevent breast diseases from providing a hotbed.
4 high-risk groups do physical examination
Family history of breast cancer, age of menarche less than 12 years old, short menstrual cycle, unmarried, married too late and short marriage duration have certain risk factors. It is suggested that women in high-risk groups over 40 years old should have molybdenum target examination for 1 to 2 years to screen breast diseases; Women under the age of 40 can have a check-up every two years.
What are the symptoms of early breast cancer?
Early breast cancer generally has no symptoms and no feelings. Even many patients, their masses are not very clear. When the mass is less than 1 cm, it may not be touched, not only the patient can’t touch it himself, but some doctors may not feel it if they touch it. Some patients may have vague pain, but it is not obvious. If you are over 40 years old, you should be alert and go to the hospital for some imaging examinations.
These situations need to be vigilant.
1, the size and shape of the breast changes.
Is family inheritance an important pathogenic factor of breast cancer?
Generally speaking, the causes of breast cancer are not very clear, and there are even some controversies. Now it is clear that family factors have a certain influence, but not all breast cancers are familial, and most of them are sporadic.
Women’s ovaries secrete more estrogen, or the imbalance between estrogen and other hormones is an important cause of breast cancer. For example, women have early menarche, late menopause, or are barren, or are obese after menopause. At this time, the estrogen secreted by the ovaries is less, and other hormones may turn into estrogen, which may lead to an increase in the incidence of breast cancer. In a word, breast cancer is the result of long-term effects of many factors.
At what age do you start breast cancer screening?
This should be divided into ordinary people and high-risk groups.
1 Screening suggestions for the general population
For the general population, the old guide suggests:
Since the age of 20, I have been to the hospital for a doctor to check my breast once every three years (clinical breast examination); Since the age of 40, molybdenum target and clinical breast examination have been performed once a year.
About how old to start screening and check once every few years, it requires a difficult trade-off.
Scientists found by comparing different screening strategies:
Compared with screening at the age of 50, screening at the age of 40 can reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer by 3%, but it will consume more medical resources and bear more false positive risks (it is not breast cancer, but it is mistakenly suspected of breast cancer).
Therefore, the new guidelines cancel the clinical breast examination starting at the age of 20 and set the screening start time at the age of 40.
The breakdown is as follows:
40 ~ 44 years old, according to personal wishes, after fully understanding the advantages and disadvantages, I choose to check the molybdenum target once a year; 45 ~ 54 years old, every woman makes molybdenum target once a year; Over 55 years old, every woman should make molybdenum targets once every two years, or continue to make molybdenum targets once a year based on personal wishes; The annual screening will not end until the life expectancy is less than 10 years or the health does not allow it.
2 Screening suggestions for high-risk groups
For high-risk groups, it is recommended to check the MRI once a year. There is no difference between the old and new guidelines.
Who are the high-risk groups for breast cancer?
1. After professional risk calculation, the possibility of breast cancer is greater than 20%;
2. Gene detection found mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene;
3. There are BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations in parents, children and siblings;
4. During the period of 10 ~ 30 years old, he had done chest radiotherapy;
5. Suffering from Li-Fraumeni syndrome, multiple hamartoma syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, or having these diseases in parents, children, brothers and sisters.
Need to be reminded that whether it is high-risk, you need to consult a doctor and conduct a professional examination before you can determine it.
For high-risk groups:
No matter how old you are, you have an MRI once a year.
Examination method of breast cancer
1 physical examination
Touching by hand, as people say, is medically called clinical palpation or physical examination, which is an important examination method. This method is generally used by specialist clinicians, and the tumor is more than 1-2 cm, and the location is relatively superficial and easy to touch. If this lump is relatively small, long and deep, buried in the glands of the breast, and the female breast is relatively large, sometimes it can’t be touched, so it can only be checked by instruments.
Mammary molybdenum target examination
Mammary molybdenum target is a common saying, and the standard saying is mammography, which is the most common method to detect breast cancer. Many large-scale research and screening have been done in the west, and regular molybdenum target examination in some specific populations can reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer. Because the mammary glands of oriental women are relatively small, the glands are relatively dense, and there are relatively few fat components in the glands, it may not be suitable for some people to use molybdenum targets only. In China, women are generally recommended to have this examination after 40 years old. If there are high-risk factors, it is ok to be over 35 years old. Generally, it is done once every two years from 40 to 50 years old and once a year from 50 to 60 years old, but the time interval should not be too short, at least for more than one year. If the time is short, the X-ray itself will have some influence on the body, and doing too much is potentially harmful.
3 Ultrasonic examination
The breast glands of young patients are dense, and sometimes X-rays are not easy to penetrate. Ultrasound can give full play to its advantages, especially for some liquid cysts. Sometimes X-rays may not be clear, but ultrasound can. Whether the results of ultrasonic examination are accurate or not is closely related to the quality of the machine itself and the level of experience of the ultrasonic doctor. In addition, it is better to make an X-ray supplementary examination on the basis of ultrasound examination for older patients.
4 Breast Catheter Endoscope
Breast ductoscopy is usually called ductoscopy. Generally, there are 15-20 openings in the nipple of women. If there is a lesion in one of them, nipple discharge may occur. After the liquid in it is sucked clean through the galactophore, the lesion can be observed directly. It is mainly suitable for tumors with a relatively small diameter, about one or two millimeters. The lesions can be detected by this, and the mammary duct can be cut off by some methods to achieve the purpose of treatment.
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