标签归档 西安品茶论坛

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The concentration of major air pollutants has dropped rapidly in the past ten years since the release of the bulletin on Beijing’s ecological environment.

  BEIJING, Beijing, May 29 (Reporter Chen Hang) On the 29th, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment released the Bulletin on Beijing’s Ecological Environment in 2022 (hereinafter referred to as the Bulletin), which "counted" the ecological environment in Beijing in 2022 and the new era for ten years, and comprehensively showed the changes of Beijing’s ecological "face value" in the past ten years.

  According to the Bulletin, in the past ten years, Beijing has achieved a rapid decline in the concentration of major pollutants in the atmospheric environment while achieving high-quality economic and social development. Compared with 2013, the annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 all decreased by more than half in 2022. Among them, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 decreased from 89.5 μ g/m3 to 30 μ g/m3, with a cumulative decrease of nearly 60 μ g/m3.

  According to the Bulletin, in 2022, the average annual concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Beijing continued to decrease, reaching the second-class national air quality standard for two consecutive years, the water environment quality continued to improve, the soil environment condition remained good, the acoustic environment quality remained stable, the radiation environment quality remained normal, the ecological environment condition continued to improve, and the carbon dioxide emissions per 10,000 yuan of GDP maintained the best level in provincial regions.

  The average annual concentration of PM2.5 has reached the second-class national air quality standard for two consecutive years.

  According to the Bulletin, in 2022, PM2.5 in Beijing’s atmospheric environment was 30 μ g/m3, reaching the national secondary standard for two consecutive years. The annual average concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) were 3,23 and 54 μ g/m3, respectively, which reached the standard steadily for many years, and generally maintained a downward trend.

  In the past ten years, Beijing has achieved a rapid decline in the concentration of major pollutants in the atmospheric environment while achieving high-quality economic and social development.

  Compared with 2013, the annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 in Beijing in 2022 all decreased by more than half. Among them, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 decreased from 89.5 μ g/m3 to 30 μ g/m3, with a cumulative decrease of nearly 60 μ g/m3. The average annual concentration of SO2 has dropped from 26.5 μ g/m3 to 3 μ g/m3, with a drop of 88.7%, and has remained extremely low for many years, which is basically equivalent to the level of big cities in developed countries in the world. The number of excellent days was 286, an increase of 110 days; The days of heavy pollution were reduced from 58 days to 3 days. Good days have increased significantly, bad days have decreased significantly, and air quality has improved greatly in an all-round way. The effectiveness of air pollution control has been praised as "Beijing Miracle" by UNEP.

  Dynamic elimination of inferior V water bodies

  According to the Bulletin, in 2022, the quality of water environment in Beijing will continue to improve, and the annual average concentration of main pollution indicators of surface water will continue to decrease, and the inferior V water bodies will be eliminated dynamically. The quality of groundwater remains stable. The water ecology is in good condition.

  In the past ten years, the water ecological environment in Beijing has achieved qualitative change. The proportion of excellent water bodies has increased significantly. In 2022, there were 105 sections and 2551.6 kilometers of rivers in the five major river systems, of which the length of rivers with excellent water quality accounted for 77.9%, an increase of 28.1 percentage points compared with 2013. Dynamic elimination of inferior V water bodies. The water ecology is in good condition, and more than half of the rivers in the city have reached an excellent level. Aquatic insects, such as Mayflies, stonefly and Shimoths, which are often used to indicate clean water bodies, are not only found in mountainous rivers, but also appear in rivers in plain areas such as Liangshui River, Dashi River and Liangma River. Five rivers in the city reappear as "flowing rivers" and run through the sea; The water volume of Miyun Reservoir reached a record high, and it was rated as the first batch of excellent cases of "beautiful rivers and lakes" in China by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment … … The water is clear and the shore is green, and the fish is shallow. The scene of harmony between people and water has become the norm.

  The forest coverage rate will increase to 44.8% in 2022.

  According to the Bulletin, in 2022, Beijing’s eco-environmental quality index (EI) was 71.1, which achieved continuous improvement for many years. The eco-environmental situation was excellent and the quality and stability of the ecosystem continued to improve. The forest coverage rate of the whole city will increase from 38.6% in 2013 to 44.8% in 2022. The types of ecosystems in the whole city are constantly enriched, the stability is gradually enhanced, and the sustainability is constantly improving.

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Some provisions of the Supreme Law on the evidence of intellectual property civil litigation

 

  "Several Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Evidence in Intellectual Property Civil Litigation" was adopted at the 1815th meeting of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People’s Court on November 9, 2020, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of November 18, 2020.

  the Supreme People’s Court

  November 16, 2020

  Fa Shi [2020] No.12

  the Supreme People’s Court

  Some provisions on evidence in civil litigation of intellectual property rights

  (the Supreme People’s Court Judicial Committee on November 9, 2020

  Adopted at the 1815th meeting and shall come into force on November 18, 2020)

  In order to protect and facilitate the parties to exercise their litigation rights in accordance with the law and ensure that the people’s courts hear intellectual property civil cases fairly and promptly, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other relevant laws and regulations, and in combination with the actual situation of intellectual property civil trials.

  Article 1 The parties to intellectual property civil litigation shall follow the principle of good faith and provide evidence actively, comprehensively, correctly and honestly in accordance with the provisions of laws and judicial interpretations.

  Article 2 The parties shall provide evidence to prove their claims. According to the trial of the case, the people’s court may apply the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 65 of the Civil Procedure Law, and require the parties to provide relevant evidence according to the claims of the parties, the facts to be proved, the evidence holdings of the parties, and the ability to provide evidence.

  Article 3 If the product manufactured by the patented method is not a new product, the plaintiff in the patent infringement dispute shall provide evidence to prove the following facts:

  (1) The product manufactured by the defendant belongs to the same product as the product manufactured by the patented method;

  (2) The products manufactured by the defendant are more likely to be manufactured by patented methods;

  (3) The plaintiff made reasonable efforts to prove that the defendant used the patented method.

  After the plaintiff completes the proof mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the people’s court may require the defendant to prove that the manufacturing method of its products is different from the patented method.

  Article 4 If the defendant claims a defense from a legal source according to law, he shall provide evidence to prove the fact that the accused infringing product or copy was legally obtained, including legal purchase channels, reasonable prices and direct suppliers.

  If the source evidence provided by the defendant for the alleged infringing product or copy is equivalent to its reasonable care obligation, it may be deemed that the defendant has completed the proof mentioned in the preceding paragraph, and it is presumed that he did not know that the alleged infringing product or copy infringed intellectual property rights. The defendant’s business scale, professional level and market trading habits can be used as evidence to determine his reasonable duty of care.

  Article 5 The plaintiff who brings a lawsuit to confirm non-infringement of intellectual property rights shall provide evidence to prove the following facts:

  (a) the defendant issued an infringement warning to the plaintiff or filed an infringement complaint against the plaintiff;

  (two) the plaintiff to the defendant to exercise the right to appeal and the time and time of delivery;

  (3) The defendant fails to bring a lawsuit within a reasonable time.

  Article 6 The parties need not prove the basic facts identified by the administrative act that fails to bring an administrative lawsuit within the statutory time limit, or the part of the basic facts identified by the administrative act that has been confirmed by the effective judgment, unless there is evidence to the contrary that can be overturned.

  Article 7 In order to discover or prove the infringement of intellectual property rights, the physical objects and bills obtained by the obligee from the accused infringer by himself or by entrusting others to buy infringing articles in the name of ordinary buyers can be used as evidence to sue the accused infringer for infringement.

  The evidence formed by the accused infringer’s infringement of intellectual property rights based on other people’s behavior can be used as evidence for the obligee to sue him for infringement, except that the accused infringer commits infringement of intellectual property rights only based on the obligee’s evidence collection behavior.

  Article 8 The people’s court shall not support the following evidence formed outside the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if the parties raise objections only on the grounds that the evidence has not gone through notarization, authentication and other certification procedures:

  (1) It has been confirmed by a legally effective judgment of the people’s court;

  (2) It has been confirmed by the effective award of the arbitration institution;

  (3) Public publications and patent documents that can be obtained from official or public channels;

  (four) there are other evidence to prove the authenticity.

  Article 9 The people’s court shall not support the evidence formed outside the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC) if one of the following circumstances exists, and the parties only raise objections on the grounds that the evidence has not gone through the certification procedures:

  (1) The objecting party explicitly recognizes the authenticity of the evidence;

  (2) The other party provides witness testimony to confirm the authenticity of the evidence, and the witness clearly indicates that he is willing to accept punishment for perjury.

  If the witness perjury mentioned in the second paragraph of the preceding paragraph constitutes the situation stipulated in Article 111 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people’s court shall deal with it according to law.

  Article 10 If the notarization, authentication or other certification procedures of the power of attorney have been completed in the procedure of first instance in accordance with the provisions of Articles 59 and 264 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people’s court may not require the above certification procedures of the power of attorney in the subsequent proceedings.

  Article 11 The people’s court shall examine the application for evidence preservation by the parties or interested parties in combination with the following factors:

  (a) whether the applicant has provided preliminary evidence for his claim;

  (two) whether the evidence can be collected by the applicant;

  (three) the possibility of evidence being lost or difficult to obtain in the future and its influence on proving the facts to be proved;

  (4) The influence of possible preservation measures on the evidence holders.

  Article 12 In preserving evidence, the people’s court shall limit itself to effectively fixing the evidence, and minimize the damage to the value of the preserved subject matter and the impact on the normal production and operation of the evidence holder.

  Where the preservation of evidence involves technical schemes, preservation measures such as making on-site inspection records, drawing, taking photos, recording, video recording, copying design and production drawings can be taken.

  Article 13 If a party refuses to cooperate or hinders the preservation of evidence without justifiable reasons, resulting in the inability to preserve evidence, the people’s court may determine that it shall bear the adverse consequences. The people’s court shall handle the case in accordance with the law if it constitutes the situation stipulated in Article 111th of the Civil Procedure Law.

  Article 14 For the evidence for which the people’s court has taken preservation measures, the people’s court may determine that the parties will bear the adverse consequences if they disassemble the physical evidence, tamper with the evidence materials or commit other acts of destroying the evidence without authorization, thus making the evidence unusable. The people’s court shall handle the case in accordance with the law if it constitutes the situation stipulated in Article 111th of the Civil Procedure Law.

  Article 15 When conducting evidence preservation, the people’s court may require the parties or agents ad litem to be present, and when necessary, it may notify people with specialized knowledge to be present at the request of the parties, or may assign technical investigators to participate in evidence preservation.

  If the evidence is held by an outsider, the people’s court may take preservation measures for the evidence it holds.

  Article 16 When preserving evidence, the people’s court shall make a record and a list of preserved evidence, recording the time and place of preservation, the executor, the person present, the preservation process and the state of the preserved subject matter, which shall be signed or sealed by the executor and the person present. If the relevant personnel refuse to sign or seal, the effectiveness of preservation will not be affected, and the people’s court may record it in the record and take photos and videos.

  Article 17 If the respondent objects to the scope, measures and necessity of evidence preservation and provides relevant evidence, the people’s court may change, terminate or terminate the evidence preservation if it finds that the objection is justified after examination.

  Article 18 If the applicant renounces the use of the preserved evidence, but the preserved evidence involves the investigation of the basic facts of the case or other parties advocate the use, the people’s court may examine and determine the evidence.

  Article 19 The people’s court may entrust an expert appraisal to the following specialized issues of the facts to be proved:

  (1) Similarities and differences in means, functions and effects between the technical scheme of the alleged infringement and the corresponding technical features of the patented technical scheme and the existing technology;

  (2) Similarities and differences between the works accused of infringement and the works claiming rights;

  (3) Similarities and differences between the commercial secrets advocated by the parties and the information in their fields that has been known to the public, and the similarities and differences between the information accused of infringement and the commercial secrets;

  (four) the similarities and differences between the accused infringer and the authorized variety in terms of characteristics and characteristics, and whether the differences are caused by non-genetic variation;

  (5) Similarities and differences between the layout design of the infringed integrated circuit and the layout design of the protected integrated circuit;

  (six) whether there are defects in the technology involved in the contract;

  (seven) the authenticity and integrity of electronic data;

  (eight) other specialized issues that need to be entrusted for appraisal.

  Article 20 With the permission of the people’s court or the consent of both parties, the appraiser may entrust some testing matters involved in the appraisal to other testing institutions for testing, and the appraiser shall bear legal responsibility for the appraisal opinions issued according to the testing results.

  Article 21 If the unified registration management system for appraisers and appraisal institutions is not implemented in the appraisal business field, the people’s court may determine the professional institutions and professionals with corresponding technical level for appraisal according to the appraiser selection procedures stipulated in Article 32 of the the Supreme People’s Court Provisions on Evidence in Civil Proceedings.

  Article 22 The people’s court shall listen to the opinions of all parties and determine the scope of appraisal in combination with the evidence presented by the parties. In the process of appraisal, if one party applies to change the scope of appraisal, and the other party has no objection, the people’s court may allow it.

  Article 23 The people’s court shall examine the expert opinions in combination with the following factors:

  (a) whether the appraiser has the corresponding qualifications;

  (two) whether the appraiser has the knowledge, experience and skills to solve the relevant specialized problems;

  (3) Whether the appraisal methods and procedures are standardized and whether the technical means are reliable;

  (four) whether the materials submitted for inspection have been cross-examined by the parties and meet the appraisal conditions;

  (5) Whether the basis of the appraisal opinion is sufficient;

  (six) whether the appraiser has any legal reasons that should be avoided;

  (seven) whether the appraiser engages in malpractices for personal gain or other circumstances that affect the impartial appraisal during the appraisal process.

  Article 24 The party who bears the burden of proof shall apply in writing to the people’s court to order the other party who controls the evidence to submit evidence. If the application grounds are established, the people’s court shall make a ruling and order it to submit.

  Article 25 If a people’s court requires a party to submit relevant evidence according to law, and refuses to submit, submit false evidence, destroy evidence or commit other acts that make the evidence unusable without justifiable reasons, the people’s court may presume that the other party’s claim on the certification matters involved in the evidence is established.

  If a party commits the acts listed in the preceding paragraph, which constitutes the circumstances specified in Article 111 of the Civil Procedure Law, the people’s court shall handle it according to law.

  Article 26 If the evidence involves commercial secrets or other commercial information that needs to be kept confidential, the people’s court shall require the relevant litigants to sign a confidentiality agreement or make a confidentiality commitment before they come into contact with the evidence, or order them not to disclose, use or allow others to use the confidential information that they have come into contact with in the proceedings for any purpose other than the litigation in this case.

  If a party applies to restrict the scope of personnel who have access to the evidence mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the people’s court shall grant it if it deems it necessary after examination.

  Twenty-seventh witnesses shall testify in court and accept inquiries from judges and parties.

  With the consent of both parties and the permission of the people’s court, if the witness does not appear in court, the people’s court shall organize the parties to cross-examine the testimony of the witness.

  Twenty-eighth parties may apply for a person with specialized knowledge to appear in court and give opinions on professional issues. With the permission of the court, the parties may question people with specialized knowledge.

  Article 29 If a people’s court appoints a technical investigator to participate in a pre-trial meeting or hearing, the technical investigator may ask the parties, agents ad litem, people with specialized knowledge, witnesses, expert witnesses, inquests, etc. about the technical problems involved in the case.

  Article 30 If a party objects to a notarized document and provides evidence to the contrary enough to overturn it, the people’s court will not accept the notarized document.

  If the reasons for the parties’ objection to the notarized document are established, the people’s court may require the notarized institution to issue explanations or make corrections, and examine and confirm the notarized document in combination with other relevant evidence.

  Article 31 The financial account books, accounting vouchers, sales contracts, import and export documents, annual reports of listed companies, prospectuses, websites or brochures provided by the parties, transaction data stored in the equipment system, commodity circulation data counted by third-party platforms, evaluation reports, intellectual property licensing contracts and records of market supervision, taxation and financial departments can be used as evidence to prove the amount of compensation claimed by the parties for infringement of intellectual property rights.

  Article 32 If a party claims to determine the amount of compensation by referring to a reasonable multiple of the license fee for intellectual property rights, the people’s court may examine and determine the license fee evidence by considering the following factors:

  (a) whether the license fee is actually paid and the mode of payment, and whether the license contract is actually performed or filed;

  (2) The content, mode, scope and duration of the right to license;

  (3) Whether there is an interest relationship between the licensee and the licensor;

  (four) the usual standards for industry licensing.

  Article 33 These Provisions shall come into force as of November 18, 2020. If the relevant judicial interpretations previously issued by our court are inconsistent with these provisions, these provisions shall prevail.

 

 

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Shanghai: Three of the six infected people released today are staff of the same beauty salon.

  On June 9th, the Information Office of Shanghai Municipal Government organized the 207th press conference on the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai to introduce the latest situation.

  Zhao Dandan, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Health and Wellness Commission, said that at present, Shanghai has entered the stage of fully restoring normal production and living order. However, since June 1st, there have been many sporadic positive infections in the society, especially in some old residential areas and service places in the central city. To arouse our great attention, the risk of epidemic rebound still exists, and we can’t tolerate any slack and paralysis. Three of the six cases of positive infections released today are staff members of the same beauty salon, suggesting that there are still risks in areas where people gather in public places, and the service industry needs to form a self-disciplined self-health management mechanism, and employees should regularly do nucleic acid testing and personal protection. Citizens and friends should also insist on personal protection, strictly implement the "three-piece suit and five requirements", actively cooperate with nucleic acid detection, temperature measurement and site code scanning, and complete vaccination as soon as possible.

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Piles of passers-by passing through the "zombie car" on Dongbinhe Road in Andingmen, Beijing, seem to pass through a maze.

The van was parked on the blind road.

Shooting time: April 2, 2018 at 3: 05 pm

Location: Dongbinhe Road, Andingmen

On the pedestrian walkway on the south side of Building No.7 in Dongheyan, there are vans, waste recycling trucks, cars, electric bicycles, bike-sharing and other vehicles within a hundred paces. The reporter counted that there were as many as 25 light motor vehicles.

A white waste recycling pickup truck occupied half of the blind road. The waste paper boards piled up on the truck were twice as high as the body, and even the front of the car was covered with huge bags of waste products. The waste that can’t be piled up on the car is randomly bagged and placed on the sidewalk. The ground is covered with dark stains.

Not far to the east, a dusty, dusty-looking white van was also parked on the sidewalk. Through the window, you can see that the car is also full of debris. The co-pilot’s seat was littered with cartons, suitcases and electric fans, while the front windshield was half covered by cardboard. "It seems that this car has been parked on the sidewalk for some years, and it has never been seen. Isn’t there a license plate number on this car? Check the owner and inform him to move the car. " A resident who lives in Building No.7 on Dongheyan said discontentedly, "What do people call this kind of car? Yes, zombie car!"

On the spacious pavement of the pedestrian walkway, there is a motor vehicle that has been parked for three floors inside and outside, some of which face south, some face west and some face east. The pedestrian walkway occupied by motor vehicles only leaves a small aisle that allows one person to pass, and the pedestrian walkway is "cut" into pieces. "There are many old people and disabled people in the neighborhood. It’s like walking around a maze pushing a wheelchair from this sidewalk." The resident said.

Big trucks become "zombie car"

In addition to occupying the road for parking, the reporter also found that there are cones, low cabinets, iron frames, chairs, wooden beds, trolleys, iron guardrails and other kinds of occupation debris on the pedestrian walkway, and clothes for drying and a bird cage are hung on the iron frame. "Some things are used for parking spaces, and some things are from nearby stores. If you can’t put them in the house, you will enlarge the road." A resident said.

The resident said that sundries and parking have had a great impact on the lives of nearby residents. They have reflected and reported it, but there has been no improvement.

Comments:

The green corridor of the city around the Second Ring Road began to be built in 2013. Nowadays, the banks of the moat are covered with trees and flowers, and plants such as reeds and calamus are dotted between the trestle and pavilion buildings on the side of the moat, which makes it interesting. However, the pedestrian walkway just a few meters away from the beautiful scenery is another scene. Occupy the road to park and occupy the road to pile up things, so that nearby residents can travel like a maze, which is miserable. The environment is livable, not only by planting trees to build parks, but also by solving the practical difficulties of residents’ travel in detail. If the small matter of returning the road to the people is done well, it will really solve a problem for the people.

 

Source: Beijing Evening News reporter Zhang Nanwen and photo

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On Five Livelihood Benefits from the Meeting of BRICS Leaders in Xiamen

  Xinhua News Agency, Xiamen, September 4 th: Looking at the five livelihood benefits from the meeting of BRICS leaders in Xiamen

  Xinhua news agency reporter

  The speech made by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader during the meeting of BRICS leaders in Xiamen outlined the beautiful vision of the second "golden decade" of BRICS cooperation.

  Unicom infrastructure, develop cross-border e-commerce, close cultural exchanges and promote scientific and technological innovation … … Looking forward to the new decade, the "heavier" blueprint for BRICS cooperation conveys five signals of people’s livelihood, which will bring benefits to the BRICS countries and the people of the world.

  Shopping: never leave home, click the mouse to deliver exotic products to your home.

  Russian candy, Indian handicrafts, Brazilian propolis, South African wine … … More and more special products from other BRICS countries have become hot items in online shopping in China.

  The data shows that last year, the number of online shopping users and cross-border online retail sales of BRICS countries accounted for 47.2% and 23% of the world respectively. It is estimated that by 2022, the two figures will rise to 61% and 41% respectively, and the total online retail sales will reach 3 trillion US dollars.

  Cultivate the value chain and big market of benefit sharing, and encourage the development of e-commerce and service trade … … Through the keynote speech delivered by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader at the opening ceremony of the BRICS Business Forum, we can see that the construction of a large market with smoother trade and investment is accelerating.

  It can be predicted that in the next few years, those exotic products that can only be seen on movies and TV can be easily obtained by sitting at home with a mouse click.

  Payment is an important link in e-commerce shopping. At present, in the ranking of countries and regions that use Alipay overseas, Russia and Brazil rank first and fifth respectively.

  With the rapid development of e-commerce, Alipay will penetrate into more countries, and local people can also realize online shopping and pay water and electricity bills through "sweeping". Clothing, mobile phones, consumer electronics and other "Made in China" products from China will also enter the homes of more people in BRICS countries.

  Li Yong, Director-General of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, believes that China is a leader in the development of e-commerce, and sharing technology and experience with developing countries, including the BRICS countries, will bring opportunities for the improvement of people’s lives in more countries.

  Education: opening a new world for young people

  "More and more Russian students choose to exchange and study in China." Meng Lan, a second-year graduate student at the School of Overseas Education of Xiamen University and a Russian girl, said that Xiamen’s "sea and fruit" attracted her. During the meeting, as a volunteer, she hoped to help more friends understand and like Xiamen.

  In recent years, BRICS countries have achieved fruitful results in joint scientific research and personnel training in universities. Xiamen University, where Menglan is located, has a good "golden edge". At present, there are 360 international students from BRICS countries in Xiamen University, which are distributed in 15 colleges and research institutes including Medical College and Overseas Education College.

  Looking forward to the new decade, the latest Beijing Education Declaration signed by the BRICS countries proposes to continue to support the members of the BRICS Network University to carry out cooperation in the fields of education, scientific research and innovation; Encourage universities in BRICS countries to join the BRICS University Alliance.

  At present, the educational cooperation among BRICS countries is extending from higher education to basic education, from single to comprehensive, and from education to joint scientific research, information sharing and humanities exchange.

  "It is very important to integrate the higher education system into BRICS cooperation." Ali Sitas, chairman of the National Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in South Africa, believes that the BRICS University Alliance can help African young people open new doors to development.

  "As a model of South-South cooperation, the BRICS countries have huge space for educational cooperation." Maxim Khomyakov, vice president of Russian Ural Federal University, said that both China and Russia attach great importance to education investment, and hope that BRICS countries will join hands to build world-class universities in the future.

  People-to-people exchanges: Create more activities that are grounded and benefit people’s livelihood.

  The Indian film Wrestle, Dad is sought after in China, and the China TV series Beautiful Times of Daughter-in-law and Ordinary World are hot South African screens … … Closer people-to-people exchanges have brought the people of the BRICS together.

  "Create more activities that are grounded and benefit the people’s livelihood like cultural festivals, film festivals and sports meetings, and let the BRICS story spread all over the streets … …” The speech of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader painted a picture of the future cultural exchanges among BRICS countries.

  The first BRICS cooperative film "Where’s the Time?" will be released globally, and the BRICS Cultural Festival will be held in Xiamen from September 15th to 22nd. More than 210 artists from five countries will appear in more than 30 events such as theater performances and film screenings.

  "We clearly feel that China culture and China news are getting more and more attention in South Africa." Yan Qiong, general manager of China digital TV operator Sida Times South Africa Branch, said that in the future, more South African pop culture will be introduced to China, and at the same time, more China film and television dramas will be translated and played in local languages, which will narrow the emotional distance between the two peoples.

  In addition to film and television drama exchanges, sports exchanges among BRICS countries are also surging. The meeting in Xiamen and the promotion of sports cooperation among BRICS countries have also attracted much attention.

  Deng Yaping, a former table tennis player who participated in the business forum, said that sports have no national boundaries and are closest to the public. Through playing ball and various sports forms, they can be integrated with local people and enhance mutual exchanges and understanding.

  Travel: "BRIC Tour" is more colorful.

  The BRICS countries account for about 30% of the world’s land area and are rich in tourism resources. A more dynamic second "Golden Decade", more convenient visa policies and more air capacity will undoubtedly make the "BRIC Tour" more colorful.

  "BRIC" is so big, where to see it? The "2017 BRICS Tourism Trend Report" recently released by Mama Travel Network shows that in the first seven months of this year, the number of tourists visiting the BRICS countries through Mama’s platform increased by 1.8 times year-on-year.

  Sun Jie, CEO of Ctrip.com, said that the rich tourism resources of BRICS countries have yet to be developed, and the proportion of tourists is still small compared with the population, so there is a very broad space for tourism cooperation.

  Che Shanglun, chairman of Xiamen Airlines Co., Ltd. said that the BRICS countries have great potential for air transport development, and expect BRICS countries to adopt a more active, open and flexible aviation policy, simplify the approval process for international routes, relax visa policies and promote personnel exchanges.

  Smart life: "black technology" makes life better

  The most popular cricket league in India, players’ jerseys are printed with the logo of China’s smart phone. "Made in China" is bringing "black technology" like WeChat and Meitu to Indian streets.

  "Black technology" is on fire across mountains and seas, and "high IQ" is also "busy" beyond national boundaries.

  Wang Xiaofeng, CEO of mobike, who attended the Business Forum, said that mobike has started to prepare for the layout of the BRICS market. At present, mobike operates in more than 170 cities around the world, and in the future, China outbound tourists can enjoy smart bike-sharing services in more countries and regions.

  "This is an era of sharing." Cheng Wei, founder and CEO of Didi Chuxing, said that in the past year, Didi invested in the top seven largest Internet travel platforms in the world, hoping to bring many innovative products and technologies and accumulated experience in solving traffic problems in China in the past few years to foreign countries to help upgrade local industries.

  The data shows that the BRICS countries are outstanding in scientific and technological innovation: the annual investment in R&D accounts for about 17% of the world, the export of high-tech products is nearly 6 trillion US dollars, accounting for about 28% of the world, and the number of papers published in scientific and technological journals reaches 590,000, accounting for about 27% of the world.

  Looking forward to the new decade, BRICS countries have great potential for cooperation in the field of scientific and technological innovation. Huawei will set up its first overseas mathematics research institute in Russia, and Inspur Group and Indian UPTEC will work together to promote China universities to cultivate high-end IT talents … … There are indications that technological innovation in the future will bring the people of BRICS countries closer together and create a happy and beautiful life together. (Reporter Han Jie, Tan Xiaoxiao, Yu Jiaxin, Xu Xueyi, Ding Xiaoxi, Dong Ruifeng)

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Notice of the General Office of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the Sichuan Provincial People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the I


Chuan Wei Ban [2018] No.8




  
Municipal (state) party committees and people’s governments, provincial departments:

  With the consent of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government, the "Implementation Plan for Ten Livelihood Projects and 20 Livelihood Practices in the Province in 2018" is hereby issued to you, please earnestly organize and implement it.

  All localities and departments should attach great importance to it, do a good job in task decomposition, clarify the time schedule, strengthen fund supervision, strengthen supervision and assessment, conscientiously do a good job in promoting livelihood projects and allocating funds, and do a good job in ten livelihood projects and 20 livelihood facts.

  


General Office of Sichuan Provincial Committee of CPC

  General Office of Sichuan Provincial People’s Government

  February 3, 2018




  

  

  

  (This piece is publicly released)


In 2018, the province’s ten livelihood projects and 20 livelihood practical implementation plans.



  

  In accordance with the central government’s idea of "sticking to the bottom line, highlighting key points, improving the system and guiding expectations", the provincial party Committee and government decided to continue to implement ten livelihood projects in 2018 and highlight 20 livelihood issues. Excluding repetitive contents, 10 livelihood projects and 20 livelihood facts are planned and arranged by the governments at all levels with a total of 101.794 billion yuan.

  Ten livelihood projects

  I. Employment Promotion Project (responsible units: Human Resources and Social Security Department, Education Department, Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, Provincial Disabled Persons’ Federation)

  (1) Work objectives

  1. Promote the employment of urban and rural workers. There are 850,000 new jobs in cities and towns, 220,000 unemployed people in cities and towns, and 60,000 people with employment difficulties. The registered unemployment rate in cities and towns is controlled within 4.5%. The initial employment rate of "9+3" free vocational education graduates in ethnic areas in 2015 reached 95%; Labor brand training 50 thousand people; Migrant workers and other personnel returned to their hometowns for entrepreneurship training of 15,000 people; 150,000 young workers were trained in skills.

  2. Help laid-off workers to find jobs again. 25,000 laid-off workers were re-employed.

  3. Support the flexible employment of urban and rural disabled people at home. 490,000 urban and rural disabled people have flexible employment at home.

  4. Promote the employment of difficult university graduates. The employment rate of college graduates reached 78%.

  (2) Project funds

  1. Promote the employment of urban and rural workers. The planned arrangement is 2.637 billion yuan, including 2 billion yuan from the central government and 637 million yuan from the provincial level.

  2. Help laid-off workers to find jobs again. It is planned to arrange 15 million yuan at the provincial level.

  3. Support the flexible employment of urban and rural disabled people at home. It is planned to arrange 50 million yuan, including 20 million yuan at the provincial level and 30 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  4. Promote the employment of difficult university graduates. It is planned to arrange 12 million yuan at the provincial level.

  Second, the poverty alleviation project (responsible units: Civil Affairs Department, Justice Department, Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, Provincial Disabled Persons’ Federation)

  (1) Work objectives

  1. Medical assistance for people in urban and rural areas. Give medical assistance to eligible people in need, and minimize the burden of medical expenses for people in need.

  2. Legal aid. Providing 360,000 people with legal aid, including 30,000 legal aid cases and 300,000 other legal aid matters; Four standardized legal aid reception halls at or above the county level will be built, and 265 standardized legal aid workstations in towns (streets) will be built.

  3. Family planning incentives and assistance. Give eligible rural family planning parents an annual 960 yuan Award; Give 6240 yuan or 7800 yuan per person per year to the parents of the eligible one-child disabled or dead family; Give eligible minority couples of childbearing age a one-time bonus of 3,000 yuan per household.

  4. Assistance to employees in difficulty. To provide living and medical assistance from 300 yuan to 1000 yuan for eligible employees with difficulties in filing documents.

  5. Poor disabled people help the poor. Support 90,000 rural disabled people to develop agricultural production; Adapt the basic assistive devices that are urgently needed for 100,000 poor disabled people.

  6. Health assistance for the disabled in poor families. 10,000 cases of poor cataract patients in the province were operated on; Provide rehabilitation assistance to 5000 children with cerebral palsy from poor families; Provide rehabilitation assistance to 1000 children with hearing disabilities from poor families.

  (2) Project funds

  1. Medical assistance for people in urban and rural areas. It is planned to allocate 1.95 billion yuan, including 1.23 billion yuan from the central government, 400 million yuan from the provincial level and 320 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  2. Legal aid. It is planned to arrange RMB 56 million, including RMB 10 million from the central government, RMB 10 million from the provincial level and RMB 36 million from the cities and counties.

  3. Family planning incentives and assistance. It is planned to allocate 2.2 billion yuan, including 1.5 billion yuan from the central government, 400 million yuan from the provincial level and 300 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  4. Assistance to employees in difficulty. It is planned to arrange RMB 39 million, including RMB 11 million from the central government and RMB 28 million from the provincial level.

  5. Poor disabled people help the poor. It is planned to arrange RMB 50 million, including RMB 40 million from the central government and RMB 10 million from the provincial level.

  6. Health assistance for the disabled in poor families. It is planned to arrange 89 million yuan, including 25 million yuan from the central government and 64 million yuan from the provincial level.

  III. Assistance Project in Ethnic Areas (responsible unit: Provincial Poverty Alleviation and Immigration Bureau, Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Education Department and Public Security Department)

  (1) Work objectives

  1. Housing construction in the new village of Yi family. Newly (renovated) 19,016 houses of Yi family in Liangshan.

  2. New housing construction in Tibetan areas. Construction of 16,830 new houses in Tibetan areas.

  3. Free education for fifteen years will be fully implemented in ethnic autonomous areas. On the basis of the implementation of nine-year free compulsory education, three-year tuition fees for children in public kindergartens and three-year tuition fees for students in public high schools in 51 counties (cities) in ethnic autonomous areas will be completely exempted, and textbooks will be provided free of charge. Private schools approved by the education department will be implemented with reference to the subsidy standards for public schools.

  4. Special treatment of drug control in Liangshan. The implementation rate of community drug rehabilitation and community rehabilitation reached 80%; The coverage rate of micro-base construction of drug control education in junior middle schools in Liangshan Prefecture reached 100%; The coverage rate of anti-drug publicity and education positions reached 80%; Reconstruction and expansion of five compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centers.

  (2) Project funds

  1. Housing construction in the new village of Yi family. It is planned to allocate 760 million yuan, including 266 million yuan from the central government, 399 million yuan from the provincial level and 95 million yuan from the states and counties.

  2. New housing construction in Tibetan areas. It is planned to arrange 505 million yuan, including 236 million yuan from the central government and 269 million yuan from the provincial level.

  3. Free education for fifteen years will be fully implemented in ethnic autonomous areas. It is planned to arrange 468 million yuan, including 28 million yuan from the central government, 260 million yuan from the provincial level and 180 million yuan from the states and counties.

  4. Special treatment of drug control in Liangshan. It is planned to arrange RMB 49 million, including RMB 09 million from the central government and RMB 40 million from the provincial level.

  IV. Educational aid project (responsible units: Education Department, Human Resources and Social Security Department, Provincial Sports Bureau, Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, Communist Youth League Committee)

  (1) Work objectives

  1. Preschool education. Reduce or exempt 180,000 kindergarten children’s education fees in ethnic treatment counties (cities, districts); Reduce or exempt 260,000 kindergarten children with financial difficulties in non-ethnic areas.

  2. Compulsory education students "make up". On the basis of the "three exemptions" of compulsory education, living allowances were provided to 1.2 million boarding students with financial difficulties.

  3. Vocational education. The secondary vocational school enrolls 350,000 students, and exempts 760,000 secondary vocational students from tuition fees except for art-related performance majors.

  4. Subsidize students from poor families. Distribute state grants to 420,000 ordinary high school students with financial difficulties; Exempt 370,000 ordinary high school students from financial difficulties in non-ethnic autonomous areas from tuition fees; Issue state grants to 200,000 eligible students from poor families in secondary vocational schools; Distribute state grants to 360,000 students from poor families in local colleges and universities; Provide national inspirational scholarships for 39,000 outstanding students with financial difficulties in local colleges and universities; Subsidize 48,000 junior college students from poor families who have newly enrolled in 2016 and beyond; Subsidize 30,000 secondary vocational school students from poor families who have established a file card; Subsidize 25,000 children of employees with financial difficulties to go to school; Subsidize 2000 students from poor families; Subsidize amateur training for 2000 student athletes with financial difficulties.

  5. Nutrition improvement plan for students in rural compulsory education stage. Provide nutritional and dietary subsidies to 3.3 million rural compulsory education students in national and provincial pilot areas.

  6. Heating for students in compulsory education in high-altitude ethnic areas. Solve the heating problem of 280 thousand students in compulsory education in high-altitude ethnic areas.

  7. "Three Districts" Talent Support Program Teachers’ Special Program. Send no less than 1200 teachers to the "three districts" to teach, and provide talent support for promoting the development of education at all levels in poverty-stricken areas, ethnic areas and old revolutionary areas.

  (2) Project funds

  1. Preschool education. It is planned to arrange 360 million yuan, including 110 million yuan from the central government, 110 million yuan from the provincial level and 140 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  2. Compulsory education students "make up". It is planned to allocate 1.26 billion yuan, including 700 million yuan from the central government, 200 million yuan from the provincial level and 360 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  3. Vocational education. It is planned to arrange 1.42 billion yuan, including 1.05 billion yuan from the central government, 290 million yuan from the provincial level and 80 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  4. Subsidize students from poor families. It is planned to allocate 3.245 billion yuan, including 2.214 billion yuan from the central government, 669 million yuan from the provincial level and 362 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  5. Nutrition improvement plan for students in rural compulsory education stage. It is planned to allocate 2.508 billion yuan, including 1.691 billion yuan from the central government, 543 million yuan from the provincial level and 274 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  6. Heating for students in compulsory education in high-altitude ethnic areas. It is planned to arrange 56 million yuan at the provincial level.

  7. "Three Districts" Talent Support Program Teachers’ Special Program. It is planned to strive for a central subsidy of 24 million yuan.

  V. Social security project (responsible units: Civil Affairs Department, Human Resources and Social Security Department, Communist Youth League Committee, Provincial Women’s Federation and Provincial Disabled Persons’ Federation)

  (1) Work objectives

  1. Relief for the needy people in urban and rural areas. We will fully implement the relief policies for people with difficulties such as urban and rural subsistence allowances, effectively guarantee the basic livelihood of people with difficulties, and formulate and publish the minimum standards for urban and rural subsistence allowances in the province according to factors such as urban and rural residents’ consumption expenditure. Municipalities (States) urban and rural minimum living standards are not lower than the low limit of the province’s urban and rural minimum living standards, and the households are effectively guaranteed according to the standard, which should be supplemented, guaranteed and managed dynamically.

  2. Subsidies for home care services. According to the standard of not less than 300 yuan per person per year, we will provide home-based care services for 2 million poor people over 60 years old in the province, disabled, demented and disabled elderly people living alone in low-income families in urban and rural areas, elderly people in special families with family planning and elderly people over 80 years old in low-income families in urban and rural areas.

  3. Basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents. The participation rate of urban and rural residents reached 97%, and the reimbursement rate of hospitalization medical expenses of insured residents reached 75%.

  4. Construction of volunteer service team. Recruit 400 volunteers for the provincial western plan.

  5. Construction of Children’s Home in urban and rural communities. Building 2,980 urban and rural communities in Children’s Home.

  6. Provide nursing subsidies for severely disabled people. Providing nursing subsidies to 840,000 severely disabled people.

  7. Barrier-free renovation of disabled families. Provide barrier-free renovation for 10,000 poor families with severe disabilities.

  (2) Project funds

  1. Relief for the needy people in urban and rural areas. It is planned to allocate 11.89 billion yuan, including 8.5 billion yuan from the central government, 890 million yuan from the provincial level and 2.5 billion yuan from the cities and counties.

  2. Subsidies for home care services. It is planned to arrange 600 million yuan, including 300 million yuan at the provincial level and 300 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  3. Basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents. The planned arrangement is 34.08 billion yuan, including 24.708 billion yuan from the central government, 5.423 billion yuan from the provincial level and 3.949 billion yuan from the cities and counties.

  4. Construction of volunteer service team. It is planned to arrange 0.1 billion yuan at the provincial level.

  5. Construction of Children’s Home in urban and rural communities. It is planned to arrange RMB 60 million, including RMB 01 million at the provincial level and RMB 59 million at the city and county levels.

  6. Provide nursing subsidies for severely disabled people. It is planned to arrange 635 million yuan, including 315 million yuan at the provincial level and 320 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  7. Barrier-free renovation of disabled families. It is planned to arrange RMB 26 million, including RMB 12 million from the central government and RMB 14 million from the provincial level.

  Six, medical and health engineering (responsible units: Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Provincial Food and Drug Administration, Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau)

  (1) Work objectives

  1. Basic public health services. 14 kinds of basic public health services, such as urban and rural residents’ health records management, health education and chronic disease management, were carried out, and the electronic filing rate of urban and rural residents’ health records reached 93%.

  2. Free pre-pregnancy eugenics health examination. Free pre-pregnancy eugenics health examination is provided to pregnant couples who meet the birth policy in urban and rural areas, and the coverage rate of the target population is over 80%.

  3. Food and drug safety. Carry out food and drug safety supervision and sampling inspection, and complete 21,300 batches of food sampling inspection and 15,100 batches of drugs sampling inspection.

  4. Occupational health. Complete the construction of 3 occupational health demonstration parks and 10 demonstration enterprises.

  (2) Project funds.

  1. Basic public health services. It is planned to arrange 4.102 billion yuan, including 3.282 billion yuan from the central government, 410 million yuan from the provincial level and 410 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  2. Free pre-pregnancy eugenics health examination. It is planned to arrange RMB 23 million, including RMB 14 million at the provincial level and RMB 09 million at the city and county levels.

  3. Food and drug safety. It is planned to arrange 66 million yuan at the provincial level.

  4. Occupational health. It is planned to arrange 05 million yuan at the provincial level.

  Seven, people’s housing project (responsible units: Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Department, Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Department of Finance, Department of Land and Resources, Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau)

  (1) Work objectives

  1. Reconstruction of rural dilapidated buildings. We will renovate 110,000 dilapidated houses in rural areas (excluding the construction of new houses in Yi villages and Tibetan areas).

  2. Alleviate the housing difficulties of urban residents. Renovation of 255,000 shanty towns with dilapidated houses.

  3. Construction of safe communities. 92 provincial safe communities have been built.

  (2) Project funds

  1. Reconstruction of dilapidated houses in rural areas (excluding the construction of new houses in Yi villages and Tibetan areas). It is planned to arrange 2.475 billion yuan, including 1.37 billion yuan from the central government, 800 million yuan from the provincial level and 305 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  2. Alleviate the housing difficulties of urban residents. It is planned to allocate 7.78 billion yuan, including 4.8 billion yuan from the central government, 1.28 billion yuan from the provincial level and 1.7 billion yuan from the cities and counties.

  3. Construction of safe communities. It is planned to arrange 23 million yuan at the provincial level.

  8. People’s livelihood infrastructure project (responsible unit: Department of Transportation, Department of Water Resources, Provincial Communications Administration)

  (1) Work objectives

  1. Rural traffic construction. Rural highway construction is 6000 kilometers.

  2. Maintenance and management of national and provincial trunk highways. The pavement performance index (PQI) of national and provincial trunk highways reaches 82.

  3. Consolidate and improve rural safe drinking water. Solve the drinking water problem of the 160,000 poverty-stricken people who set up files and set up cards.

  4. Rural communication. Complete optical fiber broadband access to 900 poverty-stricken villages in deep poverty-stricken counties.

  5. Bridge construction. 129 ferries with large ferry capacity in the province will be transformed into bridges, and all of them will start construction in 2018, and 58 ferries will be built, including 28 highway bridges and 30 pedestrian bridges.

  (2) Project funds

  1. Rural traffic construction. It is planned to allocate 3.1 billion yuan, including 2.91 billion yuan from the central government and 190 million yuan from cities and counties.

  2. Maintenance and management of national and provincial trunk highways. It is planned to allocate 1.8 billion yuan, including 1.5 billion yuan at the provincial level and 300 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  3. Consolidate and improve rural safe drinking water. It is planned to arrange 214 million yuan, including 150 million yuan from the central government and 64 million yuan from the provincial level.

  4. Rural communication. It is planned to strive for a central subsidy of 130 million yuan.

  5. Bridge construction. It is planned to arrange 450 million yuan, including 350 million yuan at the provincial level and 100 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  Nine, ecological environment engineering (responsible units: Agriculture Department, Forestry Department)

  (1) Work objectives

  1 grassland ecological protection subsidies and awards. In 48 counties (cities) of Ganzi Prefecture, Aba Prefecture and Liangshan Prefecture, 70 million mu of grassland grazing ban subsidies were implemented, and 142 million mu of grassland and livestock balance rewards were given.

  2. Natural forest protection and returning farmland to forests. Consolidate the results of returning farmland to forests by 13.364 million mu, and compensate 82.727 million mu of public welfare forests owned by collectives and individuals.

  (2) Project funds

  1 grassland ecological protection subsidies and awards. It is planned to strive for a central subsidy of 880 million yuan.

  2. Natural forest protection and returning farmland to forests. It is planned to arrange 1.87 billion yuan, including 1.702 billion yuan from the central government and 168 million yuan from the provincial level.

  X. Cultural and sports project (responsible unit: Culture Department, Provincial Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau, Provincial Sports Bureau)

  (1) Work objectives

  1. Cultural facilities are free of charge. Free opening of 202 libraries, 206 cultural centers, 4,306 township cultural stations, 260 urban community (street) cultural centers, 91 museum memorials and 36 art galleries.

  2. Farmers’ physical fitness project. 1,000 new village-level farmers’ physical fitness facilities will be built.

  3. Sports venues are open for free. Public stadiums and gymnasiums offered free and low-cost physical exercises to 14 million people.

  4. Rural public welfare film screening. Free screening of 550,000 rural public welfare films.

  5. TV household connection project. Complete the construction task of 250,000 TV households.

  6. Broadcast village-to-village ringing project. Completed the construction task of broadcasting village-to-village sound project in 1933 poor villages.

  7. Construction of emergency broadcasting platform. Complete the task of building emergency broadcasting platforms in 22 poverty-stricken counties.

  (2) Project funds

  1. Cultural facilities are free of charge. It is planned to arrange 522 million yuan, including 427 million yuan from the central government, 52 million yuan from the provincial level and 43 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  2. Farmers’ physical fitness project. It is planned to arrange 50 million yuan at the provincial level.

  3. Sports venues are open for free. It is planned to arrange 110 million yuan, including 88 million yuan from the central government, 10 million yuan from the provincial level and 12 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  4. Rural public welfare film screening. It is planned to arrange 110 million yuan, including 86 million yuan from the central government, 16 million yuan from the provincial level and 08 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  5. TV household connection project. It is planned to arrange 50 million yuan at the provincial level.

  6. Broadcast village-to-village ringing project. It is planned to arrange 58 million yuan at the provincial level.

  7. Construction of emergency broadcasting platform. It is planned to arrange 22 million yuan at the provincial level.

  

  20 practical things about people’s livelihood

  1. Reconstruction of 6000 km village road (responsible unit: Transportation Department)

  Solidly promote transportation precision poverty alleviation, speed up the construction of rural roads, and build and rebuild 6000 kilometers of village roads. It is planned to allocate 3.1 billion yuan, including 2.91 billion yuan from the central government and 190 million yuan from cities and counties.

  II. Construction of 129 ferry-to-bridge projects started (responsible unit: Department of Transportation)

  129 ferries with large ferry capacity in the province will be transformed into bridges, and all of them will start construction in 2018, and 58 ferries will be built, including 28 highway bridges and 30 pedestrian bridges. It is planned to arrange 450 million yuan, including 350 million yuan at the provincial level and 100 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  III. Renovation of 150,000 rural dilapidated houses and 400,000 rural adobe houses (responsible units: Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Department, Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Provincial Poverty Alleviation and Immigration Bureau)

  Accelerate the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas (including the construction of new houses in Yi family and Tibetan areas) and complete the renovation task of 150,000 households in the province. The implementation of the "Rural Adobe House Renovation Action", based on the implementation of relevant subsidy policies in accordance with the regulations, will give 50% subsidy to the needy farmers who need loans to renovate adobe houses according to the actual discount of the municipal and county finances, and strive to complete the renovation task of 400,000 households in 2018. It is planned to arrange 4.74 billion yuan, including 1.872 billion yuan from the central government, 1.968 billion yuan from the provincial level and 900 million yuan from the cities and counties.

  IV. Renovating 255,000 shanty towns with dilapidated houses in cities and towns (responsible units: Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Department, Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Finance Department, Land and Resources Department, Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission)

  The province transformed 255,000 sets of shanty towns with dilapidated houses in cities and towns. It is planned to allocate 7.78 billion yuan, including 4.8 billion yuan from the central government, 1.28 billion yuan from the provincial level and 1.7 billion yuan from the cities and counties.

  V. Improving the basic medical security level for urban and rural residents (responsible unit: Department of Human Resources and Social Security)

  In accordance with the unified national arrangements, we will further improve the financial subsidy standards for basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents and improve the level of medical security. It is planned to increase the arrangement by 2.13 billion yuan, including 1.704 billion yuan from the central government, 229 million yuan from the provincial level and 197 million yuan from the cities and counties, totaling 34.08 billion yuan.

  VI. Paying individual contributions of basic medical insurance for poor people (responsible unit: Department of Human Resources and Social Security, Provincial Bureau of Poverty Alleviation and Immigration)

  The individual contributions of the poverty-stricken people in the province who have established a file to participate in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents shall be paid in full by the financial department according to the prescribed standards. It is planned to allocate 1.5 billion yuan, including 980 million yuan at the provincial level and 520 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  Vii. Reimbursement of hospitalization expenses of poor people within the policy scope within the county (responsible unit: Human Resources and Social Security Department)

  If the poverty-stricken people who have established a file for medical treatment in designated medical institutions within the county, after the reimbursement of basic medical insurance and serious illness insurance, the remaining hospitalization medical expenses will be reimbursed by the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents according to the policy, and the personal medical expenses will be controlled within 10%. It is planned to arrange 1.05 billion yuan, including 700 million yuan from the central government and 350 million yuan from the provincial level.

  Eight, free health examination for the poor (responsible unit: Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission)

  On the basis of free health check-ups for the elderly aged 65 and above and children under 7 years old in basic public health, a free health check-up service will be provided to the poor during the period of poverty alleviation. It is planned to arrange 172 million yuan, including 86 million yuan at the provincial level and 86 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  9. Paying individual contributions of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents from poor groups such as poor people, low-income recipients and destitute people (responsible unit: Department of Human Resources and Social Security, Provincial Bureau of Poverty Alleviation and Immigration)

  The poverty-stricken population, low-income people, poor people and other difficult groups who have not been marked out of poverty in the province’s filing card will participate in the individual payment part of the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, and will be remitted by the financial department according to the 100 yuan standard per person per year. It is planned to arrange 491 million yuan, including 337 million yuan at the provincial level and 154 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  Ten, the implementation of rural public institutions for the aged bed upgrading action (responsible unit: Civil Affairs Department)

  We will continue to promote the aging transformation and upgrading of beds in rural public pension institutions, and strive to complete the transformation of 100,000 beds in rural regional public pension institutions in three years to better meet the needs of rural elderly care services, including 30,000 beds in 2018. It is planned to arrange 300 million yuan, including 240 million yuan at the provincial level and 60 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  XI. Support the construction of 10,000 sets of rural teachers’ revolving dormitories (responsible unit: Education Department)

  Support the construction of 10,000 sets of rural teachers’ revolving dormitories in ethnic minority areas and remote and poor areas. It is planned to arrange 500 million yuan, including 400 million yuan at the provincial level and 100 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  XII. Support the dormitory construction of boarding schools in deep poverty-stricken counties (responsible unit: Education Department)

  Support the construction of boarding school dormitories in deep poverty-stricken counties, and gradually meet the boarding conditions that meet the needs of schooling. It is planned to arrange 300 million yuan, including 200 million yuan from the central government and 100 million yuan from the provincial level.

  Thirteen, the full implementation of preschool bilingual education in all administrative villages in ethnic autonomous areas (responsible unit: Education Department).

  Pre-school bilingual education was implemented in 8381 administrative villages in ethnic autonomous areas. The provincial finance is calculated by an average of 2 bilingual counselors in each village and 2,000 yuan per person per month, and the labor remuneration is subsidized. The provincial arrangement is 402 million yuan.

  Fourteen, make good use of the four funds to give assistance and support to the special difficulties of poor families in education, medical care and industrial development (responsible units: Education Department, Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Finance Department and Agriculture Department)

  Expand the financing channels of the four funds, guide the establishment of a long-term supplementary mechanism, and maintain a reasonable scale of the fund. On the basis of the existing education and medical assistance policies, the rural poor families still have special difficulties and are given timely assistance through the education and health poverty alleviation fund. Give better play to the role of industrial support funds and poverty alleviation microfinance reinsurance funds in supporting the industrial development of poor people and promoting the sustained income increase of poor people.

  15. Construction of 2,500 cultural rooms in poor villages (responsible unit: Cultural Department)

  We will promote the construction of cultural rooms in poor villages, and build 2,500 cultural rooms in poor villages to provide places for cultural activities for grassroots people. It is planned to arrange 135 million yuan, including 125 million yuan at the provincial level and 100 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  Sixteen, improve the standard of living allowance for disabled people with difficulties (responsible units: Civil Affairs Department, Provincial Disabled Persons’ Federation)

  Raise the standard of living allowance for disabled people with difficulties who hold the second-generation Disabled Persons’ Card, from 70 yuan to 80 yuan per person per month. It is planned to arrange 670 million yuan, including 250 million yuan at the provincial level and 420 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  17. Support the standardized transformation of green environmental protection in funeral parlours (responsible unit: Civil Affairs Department)

  Support the funeral parlour to carry out green environmental protection standardization transformation, fill in the shortcomings of funeral public service facilities, and meet the basic funeral service needs of the masses. It is planned to arrange 200 million yuan, including 100 million yuan at the provincial level and 100 million yuan at the city and county levels.

  18. Harness 60 hidden dangers of geological disasters, and relocate 6,000 households (responsible unit: Department of Land and Resources).

  Classify and dispose of hidden danger points of geological disasters that have been found in the province to threaten the safety of people’s lives and property, and organize 60 major geological disaster control projects; We will implement the relocation and resettlement of 6,000 scattered farmers for geological disaster prevention and avoidance. The provincial arrangement is 330 million yuan.

  Nineteen, the implementation of key river basin pollution control and urban and rural garbage and sewage treatment special action (responsible units: housing and urban construction department, environmental protection department, provincial development and Reform Commission)

  We will continue to prevent and control pollution in key river basins and promote the harmless treatment of urban sewage and urban and rural garbage. We will launch a special campaign to treat domestic sewage in rural residential areas to improve the rural living environment. It is planned to arrange 5.85 billion yuan, including 2.85 billion yuan at the provincial level and 3 billion yuan at the city and county levels.

  Twenty, the implementation of public toilet renovation project (responsible units: Provincial Tourism Development Committee, Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department, Transportation Department, Provincial Economic and Information Commission, Department of Land and Resources, Water Resources Department, Agriculture Department, Forestry Department, Culture Department, Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission)

  Carry out the "toilet revolution" in the whole province, raise funds by category and promote the implementation of various toilet reconstruction projects by item. By 2020, 19,307 toilets will be built or rebuilt, including 10,664 public toilets in urban and rural areas, 3,980 traffic toilets and 4,663 toilets in scenic spots. The new construction and reconstruction of traffic toilets and scenic spots toilets will be implemented according to the industry special plan. City and county governments are encouraged to make greater efforts to arrange for the construction and renovation of urban and rural public toilets. For the construction and renovation with local government bond funds, the provincial finance will give some discount.

  


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It is difficult, slow and annoying to say goodbye to Chinese medicine —— Observation from the National Demonstration Zone of Comprehensive Reform of Chinese Medicine

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 18thTopic: It is difficult, slow and annoying to say goodbye to Chinese medicine —— Observation from the National Demonstration Zone for Comprehensive Reform of Chinese Medicine

Xinhua News Agency reporters Tian Xiaohang, Dong Xiaohong and Shuai Cai.

Create a 15-minute service circle of traditional Chinese medicine, carry out multi-disciplinary consultation of traditional Chinese medicine, and launch "CT of traditional Chinese medicine" to realize rapid physique identification … Focusing on the goal of obtaining greater health benefits at a lower cost, and exploring a healthy development model with China characteristics that conforms to the characteristics and laws of traditional Chinese medicine, seven provinces (cities) including Shanghai have been building a national demonstration zone for comprehensive reform of traditional Chinese medicine for two years.

The reporter’s recent investigation found that the demonstration area focused on the concerns of the masses and made reform breakthroughs in the service system, service model and medical insurance support of traditional Chinese medicine, making it more convenient, more secure and more economical.

More convenient: weaving the basic Chinese medicine service network

Mr. Gu, a citizen of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, suffered from hemiplegia due to cerebral infarction. After being treated by the Rehabilitation Department of Sichuan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, he was transferred to Qingyang District Chinese Medicine Center near his home to continue his hospitalization rehabilitation treatment. Being able to be hospitalized at the "doorstep" has made him a lot more practical and convenient.

Whether we can get through the "last mile" of Chinese medicine service is an important test of the effectiveness of the demonstration area construction.

"Let the community become the main position of Chinese medicine services." Wen Daxiang, director of the Shanghai Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, introduced that the city has built a "Chinese medicine service network at home" consisting of 249 community health service centers and 1986 community health service stations (village clinics) to integrate Chinese medicine services into residents’ living circles.

In order to let people get high-quality Chinese medicine services nearby, various demonstration areas have explored how to "weave the basic Chinese medicine service network"-

Baoxing County, Ya ‘an City, Sichuan Province has included Chinese medicine in the service of "Mobile Hospital on Vehicle", and all towns and villages, including every middle and high mountain township, have mobile medical service vehicles; Shandong, Jiangxi and other provinces continue to carry out the construction of grass-roots Chinese medicine clinics, and realize the full coverage of Chinese medicine clinics in township hospitals and community health service centers throughout the province …

Not only are there more and more "outlets" for grassroots Chinese medicine services, but the blessing of modern technology has also made Chinese medicine practitioners bid farewell to "difficulty, slowness and annoyance".

In the Digital Chinese Medicine Museum of Hongshiban Community, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, residents can have physical examination experiences such as body composition analysis and TCM constitution identification through the "TCM CT" digital portrait system, and medical staff can provide targeted health intervention for patients according to the collected data.

"I’ve never felt more relaxed." On the basis of data collected by "TCM CT", Mr. Liu, a 50-year-old diabetic and hypertensive patient, had his blood sugar and blood pressure under control after three months of intervention of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and his weight was also reduced from 94 kg to 78 kg.

More peace of mind: improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment level of traditional Chinese medicine

On November 21, 2023, 76-year-old Huang Xingzhen was in critical condition due to rapid progress of lung infection, accompanied by heart failure, renal failure, respiratory failure, etc., but she was unwilling to receive invasive treatment such as tracheal intubation and hemofiltration. After careful treatment in the classic ward of Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Chinese herbal pieces as the main means, Huang Xingzhen’s condition gradually improved, and now he has recovered and been discharged from hospital.

It is the "housekeeping skill" of the classic wards of traditional Chinese medicine to treat acute and difficult critical diseases under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine. For difficult cases, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine has also carried out dozens of multi-disciplinary joint consultations of traditional Chinese medicine, organized multi-disciplinary experts of traditional Chinese medicine to jointly study and formulate treatment plans, and strived to provide patients with the best treatment suggestions.

Efficacy is the lifeline of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to make patients feel more at ease in seeing Chinese medicine, some demonstration areas seek breakthroughs in the construction of superior specialties of Chinese medicine.

In view of the unbalanced service capacity of Chinese medicine medical institutions, Shandong has developed Qilu superior specialty cluster of Chinese medicine, and built 15 specialties, 28 clusters and 657 member specialties to promote the balanced development of county (city, district) Chinese medicine hospitals.

"As the lead unit of 10 clusters, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has formulated 36 diagnosis and treatment plans for dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine and promoted them at the grassroots level, striving to achieve homogeneous diagnosis and treatment." Xu Xiangqing, deputy dean of the First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said.

The quality of Chinese medicine is good, and the curative effect can be guaranteed.

Shandong will build a wisdom-sharing Chinese pharmacy to effectively solve the problems of incomplete equipment and low quality of decoction pieces in primary medical institutions; Zhejiang realizes the one-key traceability of the whole chain of Chinese herbal medicines "one object, one yard", making the process from "field" to "bowl" clearly visible; Sichuan actively promotes the standardized cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, and ensures the quality of Chinese herbal medicines from the source … The demonstration areas boldly explore and let the people rest assured to use Chinese herbal medicines.

Save more money: medical insurance policy leans towards Chinese medicine

The high hospitalization cost is a major pain point for seeking medical treatment. Therefore, many places in Shandong have carried out pilot projects of Chinese medicine day wards. Under this ward management mode, some dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine are included in the scope of medical insurance settlement management in TCM day wards, and patients can leave the hospital after the end of treatment on the same day.

In Weihai, after the introduction of TCM day wards, the average hospitalization expenses of patients decreased by more than 1,000 yuan, and the utilization rate of hospital beds doubled by reducing bed fees and nursing fees and reasonably controlling inspection and drug fees.

Enhancing the people’s sense of acquiring traditional Chinese medicine is the starting point and the end result of the construction of the national comprehensive reform demonstration zone of traditional Chinese medicine.

Shanghai carried out the reform of "paying by curative value" for dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine, determined the first batch of 22 diseases, and innovated the medical payment model of paying equal attention to Chinese and western medicine; Sichuan will promptly include qualified Chinese medicine projects and Chinese medicines into medical insurance payment, and the proportion of individuals who manage drugs according to Class B will be reduced to 10%; In 2022, 629 Chinese medicine hospital preparations will be included in the medical insurance in Hunan … Each demonstration area will continuously improve the medical insurance policy, saving more money for people to see and use Chinese medicine.

The reporter learned from state administration of traditional chinese medicine that the demonstration area has made active efforts in developing the service field of Chinese medicine and innovating the service mode of Chinese medicine, which has been strongly supported by the medical insurance policy and brought benefits to patients. Some reform measures have also achieved a win-win situation for patients, hospitals, medical insurance and Chinese medicine.

"In the next step, we will push forward the construction of the National Demonstration Zone for Comprehensive Reform of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and continue to March in depth, expand in breadth, and tackle difficulties, helping Chinese medicine to inherit and innovate, so that more places and more people can benefit." Ouyang Bo, deputy director of state administration of traditional chinese medicine Comprehensive Department, said.

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In the first quarter, China’s consumption growth rebounded obviously, and the resilience of foreign trade development continued to show.

CCTV News:According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics today (April 18th), consumption growth picked up significantly in the first quarter. From the perspective of market sales, the total sales of social consumer goods in the first quarter increased by 5.8% year-on-year, and the contribution rate to economic growth reached 66.6%, which is the most important factor driving economic growth among the three major demands.

Service consumption rebounded significantly. With the gradual decline of the epidemic situation and the increase of consumption scenes, the contact consumption of residents such as going out, catering, entertainment and tourism increased rapidly, and the national catering revenue increased by 13.9% in the first quarter. From the per capita situation of residents, in the first quarter, the per capita service consumption expenditure of the national residents increased by 6.2% year-on-year, which was obviously faster than the per capita consumption expenditure of all residents.

The growth of commodity sales is good. With the gradual release of consumer demand, the growth of upgrading consumption has accelerated, and the consumption of basic life has continued to grow, supporting the steady recovery of commodity sales. In the first quarter, the retail sales of goods increased by 4.9% year-on-year. Nearly 70% of the retail sales value of 18 categories of commodities above designated size increased year-on-year.

Online and offline consumption growth has accelerated. With the improvement of market circulation, online consumption continues to improve. In the first quarter, the online retail sales of physical goods increased by 7.3% year-on-year, and continued to maintain rapid growth. At the same time, with the recovery of offline consumption scenes, the retail of physical stores has gradually improved. In the first quarter, the retail sales of retail stores above designated size increased by 3.6% year-on-year, with a growth rate of 1-mdash; It accelerated by 3.2 percentage points in February.

Residents’ propensity to consume has rebounded. With the economic stabilization and recovery, the employment situation has gradually improved, consumption scenarios have been increasing, and residents’ consumption confidence has been improved, which has led to an increase in average consumption tendency. In the first quarter, the average consumption tendency of the national residents was 62%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points over the same period of last year.

       Fu Linghui, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics and director of the National Economic Statistics Department:On the whole, since the beginning of this year, the overall consumption has shown a recovery trend. However, we should also see that residents’ willingness to consume needs to be further improved. In the next stage, we should do everything possible to increase residents’ income, actively increase quality supply, effectively combine expanding consumption with supply-side structural reform, continuously release consumption potential, continuously promote economic development, and improve people’s livelihood and well-being.

China economy quarterly report: China’s foreign trade development resilience continues to show.

In addition, at today’s press conference of the State Council Office, the relevant person in charge of the National Bureau of Statistics introduced that in the first quarter of this year, China solidly promoted high-level opening up, and the resilience of foreign trade development continued to emerge, which was conducive to achieving the goal of promoting stability and improving quality of foreign trade throughout the year.

In the first quarter, China’s total import and export of goods was 9,887.7 billion yuan. Among them, exports reached 5,648.4 billion yuan, an increase of 8.4%. China vigorously promotes foreign trade to promote stability and improve quality, and actively explores trade with emerging markets and developing countries such as the "Belt and Road". The resilience of foreign trade development continues to show. China’s total import and export of goods to countries along the Belt and Road increased by 16.8% year-on-year, maintaining rapid growth.

Fu Linghui, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics and director of the National Economic Statistics Department:Under the complicated and severe external environment, the toughness of China’s foreign trade has been highlighted. In the first two months, the actual utilization of foreign capital in China increased by 6.1%, of which the actual utilization of foreign capital in high-tech industries increased by 32%.

Fu Linghui said that China’s industrial system is relatively complete and its market supply capacity is relatively strong, which can adapt to changes in the external demand market. The growth of new kinetic energy of foreign trade has gradually shown its role in supporting the growth of foreign trade, which is conducive to achieving the goal of promoting stability and improving quality of foreign trade throughout the year.

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I have touched more than 100,000 pairs of breasts, and the doctor gives advice!

Since 1998, Professor Wang Jiansheng from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University has been giving health lectures and free clinics at the grassroots level with the team. No fewer than 100,000 pairs of breasts have been palpated by Dr. Wang Jiansheng.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in China. More and more people begin to pay attention to breast cancer screening, just to find breast cancer early.

After checking 100,000 breasts, Dr. Wang Jiansheng has this health advice:

Healthy breasts are like steamed buns.

Good breasts are like steamed steamed buns, which can be pressed to the end at once on the chopping block. If there is anything in the middle, it is abnormal, such as mung beans, corn-stuffed Doo, jujube, eggs …

The texture of the breast is also very important: "soft" means the feeling of pressing your fingers to your lips, and pressing your nose is called medium hardness. If you press your forehead, this feeling is hard.

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There are four common breast diseases.

There are four common diseases of breast, mainly hyperplasia, fibroma, mastitis and breast cancer.

1 Breast hyperplasia: the most common

The most common is mammary gland hyperplasia, and 70%-80% of women have mammary gland hyperplasia in different degrees. Breast hyperplasia is not as terrible as everyone thinks. It is important to keep a good mood.

Young people’s slight breast pain can generally be ignored. If it really hurts badly, you can take some Chinese patent medicines under the guidance of a doctor to relieve it.

Breast fibroma: It is more common in young women aged 20-30.

If you feel a pimple in your breast and still run around, you should worry about whether it is breast fibroadenoma. This is the most common benign breast tumor, which is related to endocrine hormone imbalance.

Due to the increase of estrogen during pregnancy, this pimple will become bigger. Although it does not affect breastfeeding, it is still recommended to deal with it. Although the chance of malignant transformation of breast fibroadenoma is very small, once it is formed, it is difficult to solve the problem simply by relying on drugs, and it will never disappear on its own. Surgery is the only effective way. It is suggested that patients with tumors over 1.5 cm should be surgically removed.

3 Mastitis: Be vigilant during lactation.

Inflammation of mammary gland is generally manifested as redness, swelling and heat pain. Breast of lactating women is full of milk, and there are some bacteria on the body surface. If the nipple is bitten by a child, it is even more necessary to be vigilant against this disease.

4 Breast cancer: Pay more attention after 30 years old.

For breast cancer, it is late if there are orange peel-like changes and obvious lumps in the armpits.

Therefore, regular physical examination is very important, and we should also pay attention to the changes of breasts in time. When we find that there is a different texture and appearance, we should see a doctor in time, and we should not avoid medical treatment.

Four tricks to make you have healthy breasts

1 keep a good mood

Women’s breast health is closely related to their mood. Long-term tension and depression will lead to benign diseases such as breast pain, lump and hyperplasia of mammary glands. This is because when you are in a bad mood or nervous, it will affect the secretion and metabolism of endocrine hormones through the role of hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland axis, and imbalance will be caused.

2 Reduce the high-fat diet

According to the results of "Clinical Trial of Breast Cancer Transformation" published at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), the risk of women dying from invasive breast cancer on a low-fat diet is reduced by about 8 years, and the survival rate is also improved.

Therefore, eating foods with high fat and high calorie as little as possible and eating more Chinese cabbage, corn, bean products, kelp, yogurt and fruits is of great benefit to preventing breast diseases.

3 Wear a suitable bra

A bra can support and protect the chest, but you should also choose a comfortable bra. Some women like to choose a bra that can squeeze out a "deep V", but this will inevitably cause oppression and restraint on the breast, hinder lymphatic reflux and venous blood return in the breast, and lead to slow metabolism.

It is recommended that you wear a bra for no more than 8 hours. After 50 years old, you should choose less bras with steel brackets or fiber texture to prevent breast diseases from providing a hotbed.

4 high-risk groups do physical examination

Family history of breast cancer, age of menarche less than 12 years old, short menstrual cycle, unmarried, married too late and short marriage duration have certain risk factors. It is suggested that women in high-risk groups over 40 years old should have molybdenum target examination for 1 to 2 years to screen breast diseases; Women under the age of 40 can have a check-up every two years.

What are the symptoms of early breast cancer?

Early breast cancer generally has no symptoms and no feelings. Even many patients, their masses are not very clear. When the mass is less than 1 cm, it may not be touched, not only the patient can’t touch it himself, but some doctors may not feel it if they touch it. Some patients may have vague pain, but it is not obvious. If you are over 40 years old, you should be alert and go to the hospital for some imaging examinations.

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These situations need to be vigilant.

1, the size and shape of the breast changes.

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Is family inheritance an important pathogenic factor of breast cancer?

Generally speaking, the causes of breast cancer are not very clear, and there are even some controversies. Now it is clear that family factors have a certain influence, but not all breast cancers are familial, and most of them are sporadic.

Women’s ovaries secrete more estrogen, or the imbalance between estrogen and other hormones is an important cause of breast cancer. For example, women have early menarche, late menopause, or are barren, or are obese after menopause. At this time, the estrogen secreted by the ovaries is less, and other hormones may turn into estrogen, which may lead to an increase in the incidence of breast cancer. In a word, breast cancer is the result of long-term effects of many factors.

At what age do you start breast cancer screening?

This should be divided into ordinary people and high-risk groups.

1 Screening suggestions for the general population

For the general population, the old guide suggests:

Since the age of 20, I have been to the hospital for a doctor to check my breast once every three years (clinical breast examination); Since the age of 40, molybdenum target and clinical breast examination have been performed once a year.

About how old to start screening and check once every few years, it requires a difficult trade-off.

Scientists found by comparing different screening strategies:

Compared with screening at the age of 50, screening at the age of 40 can reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer by 3%, but it will consume more medical resources and bear more false positive risks (it is not breast cancer, but it is mistakenly suspected of breast cancer).

Therefore, the new guidelines cancel the clinical breast examination starting at the age of 20 and set the screening start time at the age of 40.

The breakdown is as follows:

40 ~ 44 years old, according to personal wishes, after fully understanding the advantages and disadvantages, I choose to check the molybdenum target once a year; 45 ~ 54 years old, every woman makes molybdenum target once a year; Over 55 years old, every woman should make molybdenum targets once every two years, or continue to make molybdenum targets once a year based on personal wishes; The annual screening will not end until the life expectancy is less than 10 years or the health does not allow it.

2 Screening suggestions for high-risk groups

For high-risk groups, it is recommended to check the MRI once a year. There is no difference between the old and new guidelines.

Who are the high-risk groups for breast cancer?

1. After professional risk calculation, the possibility of breast cancer is greater than 20%;

2. Gene detection found mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene;

3. There are BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations in parents, children and siblings;

4. During the period of 10 ~ 30 years old, he had done chest radiotherapy;

5. Suffering from Li-Fraumeni syndrome, multiple hamartoma syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, or having these diseases in parents, children, brothers and sisters.

Need to be reminded that whether it is high-risk, you need to consult a doctor and conduct a professional examination before you can determine it.

For high-risk groups:

No matter how old you are, you have an MRI once a year.

Examination method of breast cancer    

  1 physical examination     

Touching by hand, as people say, is medically called clinical palpation or physical examination, which is an important examination method. This method is generally used by specialist clinicians, and the tumor is more than 1-2 cm, and the location is relatively superficial and easy to touch. If this lump is relatively small, long and deep, buried in the glands of the breast, and the female breast is relatively large, sometimes it can’t be touched, so it can only be checked by instruments.    

  Mammary molybdenum target examination        

 Mammary molybdenum target is a common saying, and the standard saying is mammography, which is the most common method to detect breast cancer. Many large-scale research and screening have been done in the west, and regular molybdenum target examination in some specific populations can reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer. Because the mammary glands of oriental women are relatively small, the glands are relatively dense, and there are relatively few fat components in the glands, it may not be suitable for some people to use molybdenum targets only. In China, women are generally recommended to have this examination after 40 years old. If there are high-risk factors, it is ok to be over 35 years old. Generally, it is done once every two years from 40 to 50 years old and once a year from 50 to 60 years old, but the time interval should not be too short, at least for more than one year. If the time is short, the X-ray itself will have some influence on the body, and doing too much is potentially harmful.        

  3 Ultrasonic examination             

The breast glands of young patients are dense, and sometimes X-rays are not easy to penetrate. Ultrasound can give full play to its advantages, especially for some liquid cysts. Sometimes X-rays may not be clear, but ultrasound can. Whether the results of ultrasonic examination are accurate or not is closely related to the quality of the machine itself and the level of experience of the ultrasonic doctor. In addition, it is better to make an X-ray supplementary examination on the basis of ultrasound examination for older patients.           

  4 Breast Catheter Endoscope                

 Breast ductoscopy is usually called ductoscopy. Generally, there are 15-20 openings in the nipple of women. If there is a lesion in one of them, nipple discharge may occur. After the liquid in it is sucked clean through the galactophore, the lesion can be observed directly. It is mainly suitable for tumors with a relatively small diameter, about one or two millimeters. The lesions can be detected by this, and the mammary duct can be cut off by some methods to achieve the purpose of treatment.       

  -THE END-


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How to make consumption "hot"

  The Central Economic Work Conference regards "focusing on expanding domestic demand" as the primary task of economic work in 2023, and makes it clear that "restoring and expanding consumption should be given priority". Since the beginning of the year, various departments have made a series of arrangements to better play the basic role of consumption.

  How to make consumption "hot"? How to solve the outstanding problems such as inconvenient consumption, unwillingness to consume, and fear to consume in order to release the consumption potential? Some deputies who participated in the two sessions of the National People’s Congress made suggestions.

  Excellent supply to better meet consumer demand

  Since this year, the consumer market has recovered steadily. The monitoring of business big data platform shows that during the Spring Festival, the passenger flow of key business districts in 36 large and medium-sized cities nationwide increased by 27.8% compared with the same period of last year, and the sales of key retail and catering enterprises nationwide increased by 6.8% compared with the same period of last year.

  However, the potential of domestic demand still needs to be further released. According to the report of China Banking Research Institute, the rapid recovery of consumption "quantity" reflects the improvement of residents’ consumption and willingness to travel since the optimization of epidemic prevention and control measures, but the "quality" is relatively insufficient. Some consumer sectors are facing insufficient supply, and there is still room for adjustment in the future.

  Zhou Junping, deputy to the National People’s Congress and secretary of the Party Committee and chairman of Hainan Development Holdings Co., Ltd., believes that "improving consumption conditions from the supply side will have a positive and far-reaching impact on further stimulating consumption potential, promoting consumption backflow and expanding domestic demand." Taking duty-free consumption in Hainan’s outlying islands as an example, he pointed out that the market supply of high-end consumer products in Hainan Island is insufficient, and it is difficult to fully meet the high-end consumer demand of tourists, resulting in the low average customer unit price of duty-free consumption on the island.

  Recently, some duty-free shops in Hainan have greatly increased the unit price of customers by introducing new brands and adjusting the structure of goods. Zhou Junping said that this shows that the optimization of the supply side is an important factor in promoting and expanding consumption, which will play a role in optimizing the structure, adding vitality and leading the creation of new consumer demand.

  Zhang Shuibo, a deputy to the National People’s Congress and a professor at the Department of Management and Economics of Tianjin University, believes that some people have the ability to consume but are unwilling to consume, to some extent because the market fails to provide products and services that meet their needs, such as smart electronic products that young people love and various health care products related to old-age care.

  Chu Jun, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and member of the Standing Committee of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, said that with the rapid development of China’s economy and the continuous expansion of total social consumption, consumer goods have changed from a shortage of quantity to an abundant supply, and residents’ consumption preference has gradually shifted from "whether there is" to "whether it is good". Therefore, it is necessary to create new supply in line with the trend of residents’ consumption, and strive to meet personalized, diversified and high-quality consumer demand.

  Zhu Dingjian, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Mission Hills Group, proposed to optimize not only the supply of goods, but also the supply of services. For example, in terms of cultural tourism, we should combine seasonal characteristics and local characteristics to develop tourist routes, tourist performances, immersive experience projects, etc. to stimulate the consumption demand of cultural tourism.

  Make up the shortcomings and dig deep into the potential of the consumer market

  While optimizing supply, filling the shortcomings of the consumption environment and innovating consumption scenarios are also regarded as important measures to activate consumption.

  Taking rural consumption as an example, with the continuous growth of farmers’ income, the consumption demand is also escalating, and the rural consumption environment is still insufficient. In the "Proposal on Further Restoring and Expanding Consumption and Helping Economic Recovery", the Zhi Gong Dang Central Committee suggested to improve the rural circulation system, promote the construction of e-commerce public service system, support the digital transformation and upgrading of rural commercial circulation enterprises, and promote the development of rural offline industries and the integration of online e-commerce trading platforms.

  Not only the rural market consumption environment needs to be improved, but also the urban consumption scene has room for further improvement and expansion. For example, in some cities, the problem of inconvenient community life is still outstanding, which affects residents’ consumption. Wang Wentao, Minister of Commerce, said at a series of news conferences on the theme of "Opening by authoritative departments" held by the State Council Office on March 2 that there is still great potential in the consumer market within one kilometer of the community. This is not only an important starting point to promote consumption, but also an important measure to benefit people’s livelihood and warm people’s hearts.

  Yang Chengzhang, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chief economist of Shenwan Hongyuan Securities Research Institute, suggested that we should continue to support large-scale consumption such as housing improvement, new energy vehicles, green household appliances and decoration, increase policy support from the purchase and use links, promote service standardization, and enhance residents’ willingness to consume.

  Xiong Jianming, deputy to the National People’s Congress and vice chairman of Jiangxi Federation of Industry and Commerce, suggested speeding up the innovative application of new technologies such as 5G and artificial intelligence in the field of consumption, developing new formats and modes of consumption, and increasing diversified consumption scenarios.

  In fact, filling the shortcomings of supply, circulation and use and optimizing the consumption environment have become the starting point of the policy. The reporter learned from the series of news conferences on the theme of "Opening the Authority Department" held by the State Council recently that we should actively promote the construction of the county-level commercial system and focus on improving the rural consumption environment; Transform and upgrade a number of "large towns and villages" and new convenience stores in rural areas, and improve the county and rural logistics distribution system; A series of measures such as facilitating the circulation of used cars and optimizing the use environment such as charging have been put on the agenda.

  Strong confidence stimulates social consumption potential

  Deputies believe that to restore and expand consumption, efforts should be made to enhance consumer confidence and further form a virtuous circle among stabilizing employment, increasing income and promoting consumption.

  The Central Economic Work Conference proposed "enhancing consumption capacity" and "increasing the income of urban and rural residents through multiple channels". Xu Hongcai, Vice Minister of Finance, recently said that the financial sector will further support measures to promote the recovery and upgrading of the consumer market, and increase residents’ income through multiple channels so that ordinary people can spend money. Do everything possible to expand employment and rely on labor to create income. Increase social security, transfer payments and other adjustments, improve the consumption power of low-and middle-income residents, and at the same time improve preferential tax and fee policies to stimulate social consumption potential.

  Commissioner Yang Growth pointed out that the core of expanding consumption at present lies in increasing residents’ income through multiple channels, stabilizing employment expectations and restoring consumer confidence. On the one hand, a series of consumption policies should focus on low-and middle-income groups, increase the adjustment of taxation, social security and transfer payment, reduce the costs of basic living, housing and social security contributions, and raise the level of disposable income. On the other hand, it is necessary to comprehensively promote employment, strengthen the employment priority policy, encourage flexible and diverse forms of employment, strengthen employment services, strengthen human development and employment training, and effectively improve the level of employment.

  Deputy Zhang Shuibo also said that in order to expand employment and increase residents’ income, we can consider giving play to the role of effective investment in promoting employment. For example, in the field of people’s livelihood, we should increase investment in infant rearing and old-age facilities, rural logistics system construction, etc., so as to achieve the "same-frequency resonance" of expanding investment, stabilizing employment and promoting consumption.

  Committee member Chu Jun suggested vigorously developing characteristic industries, stabilizing the demand for local employment and employment, and comprehensively expanding employment channels; Steadily increase the wage income of workers, especially the income level of urban wage earners and migrant workers, optimize the wage structure, intensify the reform of the salary system, and protect the basic rights and interests of workers.

  Talking about this year’s consumption situation, the deputies all expressed their belief that with the implementation of more policy measures, China’s consumer market will heat up steadily and inject more momentum into economic development.