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Liu Ye thought it was easy to win the prize 20 years ago and satirized many traffic stars.

The movie "Looking at the Road" starring Liu Ye, Hu Jun and Janice Man has been officially released in China. The film tells the story of Chen Wangdao’s seeking, observing and keeping the Tao for the translation of the communist party Declaration and a group of new youths more than 100 years ago.

Liu Ye, as the leading actor, has been intensively promoting this film recently. In the interview, he really shared his mental journey in recent years with the media and talked about acting in movies.

Liu Ye said: "After acting for more than 20 years, my role has been changeable. In the past few years, I followed the country and performed some main themes. This year’s new film is mainly commercial." He also said: "Twenty years ago, I thought it was easy to win the prize. In fact, the further I went, the harder it was. Now I don’t want to win the prize. I just want to meet a good script and a good role."

In addition, he learned a lot about the character Chen Wangdao before the film started, and he can increase his confidence in performance by adding some details, such as practicing the boxing in Yiwu in the past, insisting on keeping a thin figure in long-distance running, and removing the lines of children’s voice.

He said, "It’s good to cooperate with Hu Jun again. We have been friends for many years, and we hope to have more opportunities to cooperate. Janice Man, the actress, is thin and small, but she has a lot of inner strength. The love line between the two people in the film reflects the romance in the revolution. Women have a lot of power that men often don’t have. "

There were not many words in the interview, that is, what the reporter asked and what Liu Ye answered, but it was in these words that everyone interpreted a lot of information.

First of all, we can sort out Liu Ye’s interview logic thinking, his personal basic ethics for the role as an actor.

Let’s not say that an actor has taken over a film and television drama, how to shape a role, how to pursue higher, and at least basic ethics. For example, Liu Ye knows to do some basic homework on details before shooting, even though it is a main melody film that may not be particularly easy to shine, especially dramatic, but Liu Ye has taken out the attitude he should have towards his work.

This reminds people of several famous interviews just some time ago. When a media reporter asked a wang xing-based actor about his feelings and other related questions, the other person’s answer was "I don’t understand" or "Your question is meaningless". These words are really speechless. Liu Ye answered these completely "meaningless" interview questions of reporters one by one, and they were full of substance. This is what a mature and professional actor should look like.

What deserves everyone’s attention is a detail in the interview. Liu Ye said, "I thought it was easy to win the prize more than 20 years ago, but now it seems that it is not the case." This sentence sounds like Versailles, but it is true. Liu Ye won a grand slam when he was young and famous.

The guest debut "That Mountain, That Man, That Dog" is a nomination for the Golden Rooster Award, and behind it, the golden horse and golden statue that are difficult for mainland actors to take are put in their pockets. Looking back at the young actors now, how many people come to the audience with their own strength and excellent acting skills and works? Not at all.

Every young idol star comes to the audience with the help of capital and the pursuit of fans. It is easy for them to win the prize. Instead of trying to flood the original country with gold-rich awards, or simply make do with a pork-like award and award it to yourself, which makes people laugh and cry.

Later, Liu Ye said that he has actually put it down now, and what he hopes for is to meet a good script and a good role. It’s like he was shortlisted for the best actor in Hundred Flowers Award for the movie "The Islander".

This movie is really small enough, and there is basically no publicity. Small cities don’t give films, but it still relies on word-of-mouth fermentation to break through 100 million. Liu Ye, who plays the leading role, is absolutely remarkable in acting, but in the end he failed to win the prize for various reasons. Although there are regrets, it has strengthened the direction of Liu Ye’s mind and shaped his role well. The audience can see that the award is really second.

When I was young, I walked in front of the audience with awards for my works, gradually matured, and explored more different roles and possibilities. This is the way an actor should go.

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Implementation Opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on Promoting the Development of Big Data in Agriculture and Rural Areas

Provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and cities specifically designated in the state plan, agriculture (agriculture and animal husbandry, rural economy), agricultural machinery, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, agricultural reclamation, agricultural products processing and fishery departments (bureaus, commissions and offices), Agricultural Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, relevant departments of ministries and agencies, and directly affiliated institutions:

　　 In order to give full play to the important function and great potential of big data in agricultural and rural development, and strongly support and serve agricultural modernization, according to the Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Promoting Big Data Development (Guo Fa [2015〕50No.) spirit, formulate the implementation opinions.

First, deeply understand the significance of the development and application of big data in agriculture and rural areas.

(1) Agricultural and rural big data has become a new resource element of modern agriculture.At present, big data is rapidly developing into a new generation of information technology and service formats to discover new knowledge, create new value and enhance new capabilities. It has become a national basic strategic resource and is becoming a new driving force for China’s economic transformation and development, a new opportunity to reshape the country’s competitive advantage and a new way to enhance the government’s governance capacity. Agriculture and rural areas are one of the important fields of big data generation and application, and are the foundation and important part of the development of big data in China. With the deepening of informatization and agricultural modernization, agricultural and rural big data is being fully and deeply integrated with the agricultural industry, gradually becoming the locator of agricultural production, the navigation light of agricultural market and the baton of agricultural management, and increasingly becoming the nervous system of smart agriculture and the core key element of promoting agricultural modernization.

(2) Developing big data in agriculture and rural areas is an urgent need to solve the problem of agricultural development.China has entered a critical stage of accelerating the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. To break through the constraints of resources and environment, it is necessary to use big data to improve the accuracy and intelligence of agricultural production and promote the transformation of agricultural resource utilization. To solve the constraints of the double squeeze of cost "floor" and price "ceiling", it is necessary to use big data to promote the structural reform of the supply side and demand side of agricultural products and improve the utilization efficiency of all agricultural factors. To enhance the international competitiveness of China’s agriculture, it is necessary to use big data to strengthen the investigation and analysis of global agricultural data and enhance the right to speak, price and influence in the international market. To guide farmers’ production and management decisions, it is necessary to use big data to improve the comprehensive agricultural information service capabilities and let farmers share the fruits of informatization development. To promote the modernization of government governance capacity, it is necessary to use big data to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of agricultural and rural economic operation information and accelerate the realization of scientific decision-making based on data.

(3) The development of big data in agriculture and rural areas has ushered in major opportunities.China’s agricultural and rural data has a long history, a large number and many types, but there are long-term problems such as unclear base, lack of core data, low data quality, insufficient sharing and opening up, and insufficient development and utilization, which cannot meet the needs of agricultural and rural development. With the acceleration of rural network infrastructure construction and the rapid growth of the number of netizens, the advantages of agricultural and rural data carriers and application markets are gradually emerging, especially the rapid development of new generation information technologies such as mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things, and the rapid formation of various types of massive data, the development of agricultural and rural big data has a good foundation and realistic conditions, which provides an effective way to solve the difficulties and problems faced by the development of agricultural and rural big data in China.

Second, clear the overall requirements for the development and application of big data in agriculture and rural areas

(4) guiding ideology. Thoroughly implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the 3rd, 4th and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, take Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development as the guidance, implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and give full play to the forecasting function of big data according to the requirements of "focusing on the long term, highlighting key points, accelerating construction, integrating and sharing". Deepen the innovative application of big data in agricultural production, operation, management and services, provide more perfect data services for government departments’ management decisions and production and operation activities of various market entities, and provide strong support for achieving the goal of making remarkable progress in agricultural modernization.

(5) Basic principles:

-Adhere to problem-oriented and application-driven.Starting with the outstanding problems and urgent needs, we should make clear the key points of construction, focus on the weak links, take application as the endogenous power, and promote scientific, efficient and sustainable development.

-Adhere to innovative mechanisms and integrate resources.Strengthen the top-level design, promote data collection and promote data development and utilization by integrating data resources, and establish a working mechanism with unified standards, responsibilities and joint construction and sharing.

-stick to the easy first, then the difficult, and gradually advance.Give priority to the construction of big data in areas, key areas and key varieties with good foundation, carry out pilot projects one by one and link by link, summarize while piloting, and see results while promoting, so as to promote the steady development of big data in agriculture and rural areas in different regions and fields.

-adhere to the linkage between the upper and lower levels and social crowdfunding.The central and local governments are linked up and down, the agriculture-related departments cooperate with each other, and various social forces such as market entities and industry organizations participate extensively, forming a development pattern of agricultural and rural big data with comprehensive coverage, business collaboration, interoperability and crowdfunding sharing.

(6) Main objectives.Based on China’s national conditions and practical needs, the futurefive～10During the year, the orderly sharing and opening of agricultural data was realized, and the transformation of agricultural data was initially completed. arrive2017Before the end of the year, the scope, boundary and usage of data sharing between the Ministry of Agriculture and provincial agricultural administrative departments were basically clear, and the sharing pattern of cross-departmental and cross-regional data resources was basically formed. arrive2018Before the end of the year, the information system of "Golden Agriculture Project" will share and exchange data with other relevant information systems of the central government through a unified platform. arrive2020Before the end of the year, the data sets of the Ministry of Agriculture and the provincial agricultural administrative departments will be gradually opened to the public, and the digitalization of agricultural and rural historical materials, the automation of data collection, the intelligence of data use and the convenience of data sharing will be realized. arrive2025In, realize the connection of agricultural industrial chain, value chain and supply chain, greatly improve the ability and level of intelligent agricultural production, networked management, efficient management and convenient service, and comprehensively build a global agricultural data investigation and analysis system.

Third, lay a solid foundation for the development and application of big data in agriculture and rural areas

(seven) the construction of national agricultural data center.Taking the construction of global agricultural data survey and analysis system as the starting point, we will promote the cloud-based upgrade of national agricultural data centers and build a national agricultural data cloud platform, and on this basis, we will integrate and build a national agriculture-related big data center. National Agricultural Data Center byoneA central platform, planting, animal husbandry and fishery industry data, international agriculture, global remote sensing, quality and safety, science and technology education, facilities and equipment, agricultural elements, resources and environment, disaster prevention and mitigation, disease prevention and control and other data resources are composed of agricultural data sub-centers of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, integrating all kinds of data of the Ministry of Agriculture and data of agriculture-related departments.

(8) Promote the openness of data sharing.Integrate data resources of the Ministry of Agriculture, unify data management and realize data sharing. Various statistical reports of the Ministry of Agriculture, various data survey samples and survey results, data obtained by means of modern information technology such as remote sensing, documents formed by various government websites, and commercial data purchased by the government are shared on the platform of the National Agricultural Data Center. Promote the integration of data resources through the arrangement of project funds, and strictly control the arrangement of relevant project funds for those who do not share or open data according to regulations, except for the data that is confidential as stipulated by the state. Through internal integration and external exchange, we will gradually promote the co-construction and sharing of data between departments within the Ministry, between agriculture-related departments, and between the central and local governments. Establishment of agricultural farmersOpen directory project list of village big data resources, formulate data opening plans, and promote the gradual opening of agricultural data in various regions and fields to the society, so that data should be open and open, and improve the availability of open data.

(9) Give play to the functions of all kinds of data.Consolidate and improve the existing monitoring and statistical channels, improve the list of base counties and samples, improve the data collection system of villages and counties, carry out cleaning and calibration of historical data, and systematically sort out the production, consumption, inventory, trade, price, cost and benefit of agricultural products.“Six core data", the establishment of important agricultural products supply and demand balance table system. Expand the data collection channels of the Internet of Things, strengthen and use remote sensing, sensors, intelligent terminals and other technical equipment to collect data on agricultural resources, environment, production process, processing and circulation in real time, and support accurate agricultural production and sales. Open up internet data collection channels, carry out internet data mining, carry out digital transformation of existing documents and materials, and promote online agricultural production, operation and management services.

(10) Improve the agricultural data standard system.Establish a standard system of data indicators, sample standards, collection methods, analysis models, and release systems covering agricultural products, resource elements, product transactions, agricultural technology, and government management. To carry out the formulation and implementation of key common standards such as data openness, index caliber, classification catalogue, exchange interface, access interface, data quality, data transaction, technical products, security and confidentiality in the agricultural sector. Construct a standard system for the development and utilization of agricultural data on the Internet.

(11) Strengthen data security management.In accordance with the requirements of synchronous planning, synchronous construction and synchronous operation and maintenance of information security and informatization projects, we will improve the management system of big data platforms, establish a centralized and unified security management system and operation and maintenance system, and strengthen security protection measures such as virus prevention, vulnerability management, intrusion prevention, information encryption and access control. Improve the emergency response plan, scientifically lay out the construction of disaster recovery centers, strictly implement network security systems such as information security level protection and risk assessment, and clarify the scope, boundaries, responsible subjects and specific requirements of network security in data collection, transmission, storage, use and opening.

Fourth, grasp the key areas of the development and application of big data in agriculture and rural areas

(12) Support the intelligentization of agricultural production.By using ground observation, sensors, remote sensing and geographic information technology, we will strengthen the collection, aggregation and correlation analysis of data perceived by agricultural production environment, production facilities and animals and plants, improve the intelligent monitoring system of agricultural production progress, strengthen the real-time monitoring and analysis of relevant data such as agricultural conditions, plant protection, tillage and fertilizer, pesticides, feed, vaccines and agricultural machinery operations, and improve the data support capabilities such as agricultural production management, command and dispatch. Promote the application of Internet of Things technology in planting, animal husbandry and fishery production, and form agricultural Internet of Things big data. Develop big data for agricultural machinery applications, strengthen data acquisition such as agricultural machinery configuration optimization, working condition detection and operation measurement, improve the remote monitoring ability of agricultural machinery operation quality, and improve the related monitoring ability of crop planting area, production progress and agricultural product output.

(thirteen) the implementation of agricultural resources and environment accurate monitoring.Establish a data sharing mechanism with meteorological, water conservancy, land and environmental protection departments, and build a database of agricultural resources and environment. The establishment of agricultural biological resources, agricultural production environment and agricultural non-point source pollution and other long-term fixed-point and positioning monitoring system, improve the monitoring and evaluation index system, for“One control, two MINUS three basics"The implementation of the action provides data support. Carry out online data collection of cultivated land, grassland, forest land, water conservancy facilities and water resources, and build a national real-time monitoring network for big data of agriculture, forestry, resources and environment. Gradually open the data of agricultural resources and environment, and support enterprises to develop data products such as water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving and agricultural meteorological forecasting.

(fourteen) to carry out the forecast of agricultural natural disasters.We will improve the monitoring techniques and means of major agricultural natural disasters and grassland fires such as drought, flood, chilling injury and typhoon, strengthen the capacity building of real-time data acquisition, and improve the level of emergency response. Organize and excavate the historical data of natural disasters, strengthen the research and prediction of disaster occurrence trends, master the disaster law, strengthen real-time monitoring and early warning, grasp the best prevention and control opportunity, effectively prevent and minimize disaster losses. Establish a basic database of agricultural disasters, organize a team of experts to build a prediction model, carry out the correlation analysis between agricultural disasters and agricultural production data, and regularly issue disaster early warning and disaster prevention and mitigation measures.

(fifteen) to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of animal diseases and plant diseases and insect pests.Establish and improve the national animal disease and plant diseases and insect pests information database system, the national major animal disease and plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control command and dispatch system, and improve the information level of monitoring and early warning, prevention and control, emergency response and decision-making command. We will improve the field monitoring network of crop diseases and insect pests, pesticide safety risk monitoring network, animal disease risk monitoring network, animal and animal products movement risk monitoring network, veterinary drug risk monitoring network, slaughter link quality and safety monitoring network and grassland rat pest monitoring network in key pastoral areas, so as to improve the systematicness, scientificity and accuracy of animal diseases and plant diseases and insect pests monitoring and forecasting.

(sixteen) to achieve the quality and safety of agricultural products throughout the traceability.Accelerate the construction of national agricultural product quality and safety traceability management information platform, establish and improve system norms and technical standards, strengthen data docking with relevant departments, realize traceability management in production, acquisition, storage, transportation and other links, establish data sharing mechanisms such as quality traceability, law enforcement supervision, inspection and testing, promote automatic data collection, network transmission, standardized processing and visual application, and realize traceability information can be queried, traceable, traceable and accountable. Promote the traceability of important means of production information such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, feed and feed additives, fertilizers, and provide full information services for agricultural products regulatory agencies, inspection and certification institutions, production and operation entities and the public.

(seventeen) to realize the traceability of the whole industry chain information query of crop seed industry.Establish a big data information system for crop seed industry, integrate the information data of the Ministry, province, city and county seed industry scientific research, variety management, seed production and operation, market supply and demand, realize online application for new variety protection, variety approval, variety registration, introduction and filing, seed production and operation license filing, open and query information such as seed supply and demand, market price and market supervision, unify market seed labeling norms, and realize the traceability from variety selection to seed retail, which is beneficial to farmers.

(eighteen) to strengthen the agricultural production and marketing information monitoring and early warning data support.On the basis of consolidating the original data collection, we will carry out monitoring and analysis of data such as e-commerce, futures trading, electronic auction and electronic settlement in the wholesale market, strengthen the construction of data collection system for agricultural products processing, increase the data collection at the consumer end, establish a data monitoring system covering the whole industrial chain, and promote the accurate docking of agricultural products production and marketing. Strengthen the investigation and analysis of global agricultural data, research and develop supply and demand forecasting models of important agricultural products, set up cross-sectoral and cross-industry agricultural big data analysis teams, conduct comprehensive consultations, and improve the ability of analysis, early warning and regulation. Improve agricultural outlook’s work system and agriculture-related data release system, and create an authoritative release window for agricultural production and marketing data.

(nineteen) innovation of service agriculture management system and mechanism.Monitor the development of rural collective economy and rural cooperative economy, establish and improve the list of demonstration family farms (forests), cooperative demonstration societies and key leading enterprises, and improve the comprehensive evaluation system of modern agricultural management methods. Strengthen the information management of rural collective capital assets and accelerate the construction of rural collective assets supervision database. Strengthen the statistical monitoring of farmers’ income, the transfer of rural land management rights, rural collective property rights transactions, farmers’ burden, the development of new agricultural business entities, strengthen the collection, storage and correlation analysis of relevant data, and strengthen the supervision of industrial and commercial capital leasing management of farmers’ contracted land. Establish a national database for the registration and certification of rural land contractual management rights, and connect it with the basic platform for real estate registration information management to promote data interconnection and sharing. Develop big data of agricultural reclamation economy, and strengthen data monitoring of agricultural reclamation land resources, agricultural production information, agricultural production socialization service and agricultural reclamation agricultural products quality and safety.

(twenty) to promote the sharing of agricultural science and technology innovation data resources.Integrate the data resources of agricultural science and education system, promote the sharing of agricultural scientific research data, and promote the joint and collaborative research of agricultural scientific research. Establish a national agricultural science and technology service cloud platform, accelerate the construction of national agricultural science and technology big data, gather the strength of all parties in the agricultural science and education system, and form a data sharing mechanism in the fields of agricultural science and technology innovation, achievement transformation, agricultural technology extension, and cultivation of new professional farmers. Build breeding big data, realize long-term observation and accumulation of crop phenotypic data and gene sequencing data, carry out big data association analysis, and accelerate the process of breeding excellent crop varieties.

(twenty-one) to meet the individual needs of farmers’ production and operation.Accelerate the work of information entering villages and households, and enhance the functions of data collection and information release at village stations. Establish and improve the comprehensive information service system for agriculture and rural areas, and improve12316User experience and service quality of the platform provide comprehensive, efficient and convenient agricultural and rural comprehensive information services for farmers’ production and life. Explore the commercial business model, encourage all kinds of operating agricultural information service organizations to develop based onAPPThe application of agricultural big data information service products improves farmers’ ability to use smart phones and provides farmers with accurate and personalized information services.

(twenty-two) to promote efficient and transparent agricultural management.Promote the open sharing of government data in the agricultural sector, strengthen the association analysis and integration of government data resources in the agricultural sector with agricultural sector data, social data and Internet data, and improve“Speak with data, manage with data, make decisions with data, and innovate with data to improve the scientificity, predictability and effectiveness of agricultural macro-control. Use big data to optimize the administrative examination and approval process, speed up the online examination and approval process, and improve the efficiency of administrative examination and approval. Strengthen and improve market supervision, build a big data supervision model, strengthen post-event supervision and services, and promote the accuracy of government governance.

V. Clear implementation schedule

(twenty-three) basically complete the sharing of data (2016—2018Year).Innovate the data resource sharing mechanism of the Ministry of Agriculture, accelerate the improvement of data indicators and standards, and take the lead in realizing the co-construction and sharing of data resources within the Ministry. Under the unified deployment of the State Council, we will promote the sharing and exchange of data with agriculture-related departments on the national sharing platform. Start the construction of global agricultural data survey and analysis system, carry out pilot projects by varieties and regions, and start the construction of consumption-oriented monitoring system for the whole industrial chain of pigs and corn; Explore the construction of big data in terms of yield prediction, supply and demand in major grain-producing counties and pig counties; Select a number of small varieties of products and carry out the pilot project of full sample data monitoring. Agricultural administrative departments at all levels shall carry out pilot demonstrations according to the advantageous industries and characteristic industries in the region.

(twenty-four) gradually realize the opening of government data sets to the society (2019—2020Year).Promote the opening of public data resources in the agricultural sector on the premise of ensuring safety. Complete the formulation of the data resource list and data opening plan of the agricultural sector, and promote the unified convergence and centralized opening of government data resources in the agricultural sector to all kinds of agricultural production and operation entities. The global agricultural data survey and analysis system will be basically established, and the functions and functions of the national agricultural data center will be strengthened. On this basis, the national agricultural big data center will be integrated and constructed. We will expand the pilot project of big data construction and increase the number of pilot varieties. The pilot scope will gradually cover vegetable counties, national modern agricultural demonstration zones and new agricultural production and management entities.

(twenty-five) to build a global agricultural data survey and analysis system (2021—2025Year).Build a national agricultural data cloud platform, establish a complete agricultural data monitoring system, a professional agricultural data analysis system, a unified agricultural data publishing system, and an effective agricultural information service system to form a "one picture" of agricultural and rural big data. On the basis of summarizing the pilot experience, the construction of agricultural and rural big data gradually covers major agricultural products, major producing areas and various agricultural production and operation entities, and promotes the transition of agricultural data monitoring statistics to full samples and full data. Realize the comprehensive integration of agricultural and rural big data and modern agriculture, make great progress in smart agriculture, and give full play to the role of big data as a new resource element of agricultural and rural economy.

Six, strengthen organizational leadership and security

(twenty-six) to implement the responsibilities of agricultural departments at all levels.Give full play to the leading role of the agricultural sector in the development of big data in agriculture and rural areas, and work with relevant departments to jointly promote the formation of a work pattern with clear responsibilities and coordinated promotion. The departments of the Ministry of Agriculture have their own responsibilities, and jointly with the centralized institutions, formulate implementation plans according to the division of labor, clarify responsibilities, and refine measures to ensure that tasks in various fields are put in place. All provincial agricultural departments should establish an overall coordination mechanism, formulate relevant policies and measures in light of their own reality, and intensify the implementation of work to ensure the smooth development of big data construction in agriculture and rural areas.

(twenty-seven) to promote the improvement of infrastructure.We will promote the improvement of the universal telecommunications service mechanism and accelerate the construction of rural information infrastructure and the popularization of broadband. Strengthen the hardware facilities of the existing information collection network and upgrade the facilities and equipment. In accordance with the principles of sharing, cooperation and division of labor, we will promote the establishment of perfect data acquisition channels and monitoring networks. Strengthen the basic operating environment of cloud computing, and improve the supporting ability of collecting and processing agricultural and rural big data through traditional methods and modern methods based on the Internet.

(twenty-eight) innovation investment and development mechanism.In accordance with the development needs of big data in agriculture and rural areas, on the basis of making full use of existing project funds, we will actively broaden the sources of funds and strengthen the guarantee of funds. Explore the market-oriented sustainable development mechanism and support the adoption of government-purchased services, government-enterprise cooperation (PPP) and other ways to actively regulate and guide social capital into the field of big data in agriculture and rural areas. Encourage market players and the public to carry out value-added, public welfare development and innovative application of agricultural and rural big data, guide and cultivate the agricultural and rural big data trading market, and provide a good environment for the development of agricultural big data enterprises.

(twenty-nine) to enhance the ability to support science and technology.On the basis of overall consideration of the existing layout and utilization of existing scientific and technological resources, we will strengthen the construction of agricultural and rural big data research and innovation bases and laboratories. Encourage scientific research forces to jointly tackle key problems, focusing on strengthening the research and development of key technologies in the fields of big data acquisition technology, massive data storage, data cleaning, data mining and analysis, data visualization, information security and privacy protection, and forming a safe and reliable big data technology system. Establish a multi-level and multi-type agricultural and rural big data talent training system, strengthen the training of vocational skills talents, and cultivate agricultural and rural big data technology and applied innovative talents.

(30) Improve the rules and regulations.Study and formulate rules and regulations on the openness, openness and protection of big data in agriculture and rural areas, realize the standardized management of the collection, transmission, storage, utilization, openness and sharing of agricultural and rural data resources, and promote the maximum open sharing of data under the principle of risk control. Promote the introduction of relevant laws and regulations, and strengthen the security protection of agricultural and rural big data basic information networks and important information systems.

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How to convert mobile phone traffic

In the digital age, mobile phone traffic has become an indispensable part of our daily life. Whether browsing the web, watching videos or downloading applications, we need to consume a certain amount of traffic. So, how is the mobile phone traffic converted? Here are some key points to help you better understand this concept.

**1. Basic units: MB, GB and TB**

The basic unit of mobile phone traffic is MB (megabyte), and the larger units are GB (gigabyte) and TB (terabyte). The conversion relationship between them is simple: 1GB equals 1024MB, while 1TB equals 1024GB. This conversion relationship allows us to understand the usage of traffic more intuitively.

**2. Traffic consumption factor * *

Different applications and services consume different amounts of traffic. For example, browsing text web pages consumes relatively little traffic, while watching high-definition videos or downloading large files will quickly consume a lot of traffic. Therefore, when using a mobile phone, knowing the traffic consumption of each application will help us manage the traffic better.

**3. Traffic monitoring and reminding * *

Most smart phones have built-in traffic monitoring function, which can display the used traffic and remaining traffic in real time. In addition, many operators also provide traffic reminder service, which will inform users in time when the traffic is close to or exceeds the package limit. These functions help us avoid unnecessary traffic charges.

**4. Traffic package selection * *

When choosing a mobile phone traffic package, we need to decide according to our actual needs. If you often need to use traffic to surf the Internet outside, you can choose a package with more traffic; If you mainly use Wi-Fi at home or in the office, then a package with less traffic may be enough. In addition, you can also consider some packages that provide traffic sharing function to share traffic with family or friends.

To sum up, understanding the conversion method and consumption factors of mobile phone traffic, and making rational use of traffic monitoring and reminding functions can help us manage mobile phone traffic better and avoid unnecessary expenses. At the same time, when choosing a mobile phone traffic package, you also need to make a reasonable choice according to your actual needs.

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Hainengda was investigated by 23 institutions： Last year, the company’s income failed to meet expectations due to the impact of the epidemic, and at the same time it suffered losses due to the impact

　　() The record of investor relations activities was released on August 1, and the company was investigated by 23 institutions on July 29, 2022. The types of institutions are other institutions, fund companies, overseas institutions, securities companies and sunshine private equity institutions.

　　The main contents of investor relations activities are introduced:

　　I. Introduction of the Company’s Operation by the Secretary-General At present, the company’s development is in a state of gradual recovery after a series of storms. To sum up the storms experienced by the company in the past few years, first of all, the relatively radical expansion before 2018 left a certain financial pressure on the company, which is also the core reason for the company’s poor performance in recent years; Secondly, the impact of the epidemic on the company’s overseas business development, including the limitation of business activities and the tilt of customer budget to fight the epidemic, led to the delay of projects in some countries and regions; Third, the intellectual property and trade secret litigation has consumed a lot of energy of the company, including management energy, resource investment in product renewal, legal expenses, and the financial pressure brought by some financial institutions in the past.

　　Today, looking back, the company has made some achievements in the process of gradually stabilizing its operations.

　　On the product side, the company has defined the product strategy of "2+3+1", and "2" stands for the basic disk business of narrowband digital trunking. The company has the world’s leading products and brands in the three mainstream digital standards of DMR/PDT/TETRA. With the gradual recovery of the industry in the post-epidemic era, the basic disk business will achieve steady growth. "3" stands for the company’s growth business, which realizes the upgrade from narrowband to broadband and the integration from private network to public network under the trend of broadband, intelligence and platform, and meets the needs of customers such as unified communication, multimedia command and dispatch and video application, mainly including unified communication, command and dispatch platform, 4G/5G broadband and other products. After years of investment, the company’s growth business has been continuously optimized and adapted to customers’ needs, and it has entered a stage of rapid growth. Last year, its revenue increased by 60%, accounting for more than 10% of the total revenue. Among them, the integration business of public colleges and universities doubled, and it also maintained a good growth trend in the first half of this year, which is expected to become a new growth curve outside the narrow-band basic disk business.

　　On the marketing side, the company has comprehensively promoted the reform of the marketing system, shifting from leading large-scale projects in the past to exerting strength through channels, and expanding the industry market by developing more industry partners and agents. In the past few years, the company’s big project strategy has helped the company to establish cooperation and recognition covering high-end public safety and key industry customers around the world, become the world’s leading private network brand, and achieve rapid growth in revenue. However, the epidemic situation has brought some uncertainties to the expansion of the company’s large projects, which led to the delay of some projects, and the impact was more significant than that of the channel business. The company adjusts its marketing strategy in time, in order to further consolidate its business foundation, vigorously develop channel partners and industry partners, expand the ecological circle of business cooperation, realize better operating cash flow, and also contribute to the promotion of new products such as growth business. In addition, the company continued to promote digital transformation, fully implemented digital marketing and digital operation, opened up the whole L2C process, and improved the overall operational efficiency.

　　On the financial side, in the years of rapid growth in 2015-2017, the asset-liability ratio and the period expense ratio increased rapidly, which also exposed the financial deficiencies of the company at this stage, which was the main reason for the unsatisfactory performance in the following period. Since 2018, the company has implemented management reform, promoted refined management, paid close attention to business quality and cash flow, and gradually optimized its financial situation. However, in the process, it encountered different degrees of influence and challenges brought by epidemic and litigation, which prolonged this change cycle. In recent years, the company’s operating cash flow has taken the lead in improving, which has been positive for ten consecutive quarters, and has recovered nearly 2.8 billion in cash in the past three years. At the same time, the asset-liability structure has been gradually optimized, and the asset-liability ratio has dropped from nearly 63% at the peak to below 55%. After the sale of Sepura, it is expected to further drop below 50%, which will also bring down the overall financing cost of the company and reduce interest expenses. In terms of expenses, through continuous refined management and personnel structure optimization, the company’s operating expenses are decreasing year by year and are currently in a relatively stable state. If this trend is maintained, the revenue side is confident to gradually recover and improve its profitability by relying on the recovery of the main basic disk business and the pull of the growth business.

　　In addition, in the future, the company will strive to resolve risks and reduce the impact of external factors such as litigation on the company on the basis of sustained growth in performance. At the same time, strengthen compliance and internal control management, strictly follow the four "high-quality" development principles, and constantly improve their ability to resist risks through high-quality talents, high-quality customers, high-quality products and high-quality orders.

　　Second, the exchange and interaction links

　　Q: How does the company view the future development trend of the industry? What are the advantages of the company compared with its competitors?

　　A: Private network communication belongs to the subdivision of network communication, and provides daily work communication, emergency communication and command and dispatch in key scenarios for industry customers. Similar to the public network, the customer demand of the private network industry is also upgrading with the technology upgrade. China’s private network industry experienced a technological upgrade from "analog to digital" from "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" to "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan". The company seized the development opportunity and made some achievements in combination with the internationalization strategy.

　　At present, the public network has developed to 5G, and the private network is also developing from narrowband to broadband. The application scenarios of 5G are more reflected in the industry market, and the terminal products are also developing in the direction of intelligent terminals and the Internet of Things. At the same time, the requirements for the unified communication platform have been improved, and the company’s entire products are laid out around the evolution direction of the private network communication industry. As a specialized communication equipment and solution enterprise in China, compared with overseas manufacturers, the company has more advantages in new fields such as 5G and AI in the process of broadband upgrade, and at the same time, our supply chain support capability is more perfect. In the new business field, the company has achieved technological leadership, taking the lead in releasing a number of industry-leading systems, platforms and terminal products, and will continue to maintain industry leadership in the future.

　　Q: The company turned losses into profits in the first half of the year. What changes have been made in management? Can it continue the trend of improvement?

　　A: Last year’s performance loss was mainly due to the epidemic, which affected overseas business income. This year, business activities in overseas areas gradually recovered. At the same time, the company implemented marketing changes and proactively strengthened the localization layout, especially in the expansion of industry channels and distributors. By developing more partners, it helped the company to expand overseas customers, and through some targeted incentives, it stimulated internal enthusiasm and guaranteed the goal. Thanks to the promotion of the company’s channel strategy and the promotion of new products, the company’s European and American channel industry achieved rapid growth in the first half of the year.

　　In addition, the company examines the completion of objectives through regular meetings and promotes the achievement of objectives through process management. In the first quarter, the company’s revenue achieved an increase of nearly 20%, and it also maintained a stable growth trend in the second quarter. This year is a crucial year for the company to lay the foundation for its subsequent development. The company will strive to maintain a good trend of financial indicators, further consolidate the narrow-band basic disk business on the product side, and gradually increase the proportion of growth businesses.

　　Q: In what ways has the company’s cash flow improved? What are the specific measures?

　　A: From the perspective of enterprise management, cash flow is the most critical. In the past few years, the company has effectively responded to and alleviated the challenge of tight capital by disposing of some fixed assets and combining good operating cash flow.

　　Throughout the whole industry, private communication is a business with good cash flow, which was in the stage of rapid expansion before, paying more attention to the growth of scale and ignoring the attention to cash flow. Since 2018, the company has turned to high-quality development, promoted refined management, put forward higher requirements for business profitability and payment return, and included accounts receivable management in sales assessment. Affected by external factors, the company’s revenue has not increased in the past two years, but it has ensured the healthy and stable revenue quality and cash flow, and the net operating cash flow has reached an average annual level of 600-700 million.

　　Q: Has the current tension in the upstream supply chain eased? What is the trend of gross profit margin?

　　A: In terms of supply chain, affected by the international environment, there was some tension from the second half of last year to the first half of this year. In the fourth quarter of last year, the company’s gross profit margin declined due to exchange and the price increase of upstream raw materials. Thanks to the company’s previous strategic stocking and domestic substitution strategy, the company has been well protected in the supply chain this year, and we judge that the upstream supply pressure will be significantly alleviated in the second half of the year.

　　Q: What is the company’s future R&D investment plan?

　　A: In terms of R&D, the company has optimized its product strategy around "2+3+1", which is more focused than in the past. In the past two years, we have focused on the research and development of growth-oriented business products, made some domestic substitutions and adaptations, and released H series products of a new generation platform. The core of the company’s follow-up research and development will still focus on the optimization of growth business, 5G application, new intelligent terminal products, etc., and keep certain industry tracking and related investment in unmanned equipment and low-orbit satellites in a forward-looking manner.

　　Q: What is the control goal of the company’s expense rate? What is the specific strategy to control expenses?

　　A: The company’s overall cost target this year is not to increase in absolute value, and all departments are also allocating and implementing it according to this principle.

　　In 2021, the overall expenses of the company will be around 3 billion, including more than 600 million non-operating expenses such as interest, exchange, impairment and legal fees. After the company sells Sepura, it will repay some high-cost loans, and the interest-bearing liabilities, financing costs and interest expenses will be greatly reduced. Last year, the company generated about 149 million exchange losses, and the exchange in the first half of this year has achieved positive gains. The legal expenses were more than 100 million yuan last year, and this year the whole will remain within the controllable range.

　　In the past two years, compared with the peak period, the company has reduced its staff by about one-third, and its operating expenses have been continuously reduced.

　　At the same time, the company has increased the proportion of front-line sales personnel within the marketing system and made efforts. With the future revenue growth, the sales expense ratio will gradually decrease. Looking at the whole year, we hope that while the absolute value of operating expenses will not increase, the overall expense rate will be improved through the growth of income.

　　Q: What are the company’s business objectives for the whole year, and what are the changes compared with the beginning of the year?

　　A: Last year, due to the epidemic, the company’s income failed to meet expectations, and at the same time, it suffered losses due to the impairment of goodwill and exchange.

　　At the beginning of this year, the company’s business goal was to achieve profitability throughout the year. At present, the company has achieved the profitability goal in stages in the first half of the year. In the second half of the year, according to the seasonal practice of the industry, the revenue will increase compared with the first half of the year. At the same time, the sale of Sepura in the third quarter is expected to bring about an investment income of about 290 million yuan. The new annual target company will be further defined internally, and the specific performance can be paid attention to the company’s regular report.

　　Q: How is the company’s EMS business going?

　　A: The company’s EMS business earned about 700 million yuan in 21 years, and its main businesses include automotive electronics, robotics, blockchain, communications and other businesses. Among them, the robot business accounts for a relatively high proportion, and its main customers include some domestic head manufacturers such as service robots, drones and balance cars. Automotive electronics is an important module cultivated in recent two years, and its customers include the world’s leading power battery manufacturers and new energy automobile manufacturers such as Geely, GAC and Jin Kang.

　　At present, the company’s EMS business has entered a period of stable development. The year-on-year decline in EMS revenue in 2021 is mainly due to the divestiture of some optical communication services in 2020. Excluding this impact, the EMS revenue of the same caliber achieved a slight growth last year and will continue to maintain a steady growth trend this year.

　　Q: What is the current progress of the company’s broadband business?

　　A: At present, the public network has entered the 5G stage, and the private network is also developing from narrowband to broadband. The company’s broadband service BU is integrating 4G and 5G technologies to provide high-performance 4G boards and 5G industrial Internet solutions in China; In the past two years, the company has had some project opportunities in overseas operators and industry markets, including the emergency communication network project jointly won by the company and Telefonica, which includes some broadband products. Repeated outbreaks have delayed some projects. With the focus of domestic head equipment manufacturers’ business, the company has more opportunities to grasp in overseas operators’ markets. The company is still optimistic about such opportunities and will continue to follow them.

　　Hainengda Communication Co., Ltd. is a major provider of professional wireless communication equipment in the world. The company is mainly engaged in the research and development, production, sales and service of professional wireless communication equipment such as walkie-talkie terminals and trunking systems, and provides overall solutions. The main businesses are narrow-band private network products and solutions, 4G/5G broadband private network products and solutions, public-private integration products and solutions, command and dispatch intelligent integration and emergency communication solutions, satellite communication products and solutions, AI products and solutions, public safety industry, government emergency, transportation, energy industry, industry and commerce, integrated communication and modified vehicles, intelligent manufacturing, etc. The company is a leading enterprise in the domestic professional wireless communication industry. The company has applied for 2,030 patents, including 372 overseas patents and 851 authorized patents, most of which are invention patents, and has a number of core technologies and independent intellectual property rights that have reached the leading level in the industry. The company has successively won important honorary titles such as Key Software Enterprise in National Planning, National High-tech Enterprise, National Innovation and Technology Demonstration Enterprise, National Enterprise Technology Center, Guangdong Provincial Government Quality Award, Guangdong Intellectual Property Demonstration Enterprise, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory and China Industry-University-Research Cooperation and Innovation Award.

　　Details of participating institutions are as follows:

Name of participating unit Category of participating units Name of participants Huabao fund Fund company — South China fund Fund company — Ruida fund Fund company — CITICS securities company — China post securities securities company — huaan securities securities company — Yihu investment Sunshine private placement organization — Xingjian capital overseas establishment — Shanghai Tiancai other — Shanghai Cybertron other — Citic futures other — Qian hai Chang Hua financial service other — Qian hai Rui yuan investment other — Beijing lianchuang other — Huabao Trust other — Turing capital other — Shangjin investment other — Guangdong hengsheng other — Guangzhou jinyu other — Huihua wealth management other — Zeming investment other — Jiujin (Shenzhen) Investment other — Maodian assets other —

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Global Connection ｜ The United States has a bad behavior of stealing resources in Syria

　　Xinhua News Agency, Damascus, August 16 (Reporter Wang Jian) On a road leading to the border in Hasakeh province in the northeast of Syria, the tanker trucks of American troops lined up in a row, and there was no end in sight. These military vehicles loaded with oil stolen from Syria crossed the border into Iraq in turn and disappeared in the distance. At the same time, residents living in Damascus, the capital of Syria, have been waiting for hours in front of the gas station, and there is no end in sight for the vehicles waiting in line to refuel. This scene has become commonplace in Syria.

　　"Stealing oil" is one of the numerous crimes committed by the United States in the Middle East. In order to maintain hegemony and seek personal gain, the United States frequently plundered resources, created conflicts and imposed arbitrary sanctions in the Middle East, seriously damaging the right to life, health and development of local people and creating a profound humanitarian disaster.

　　A blatant plunder

　　The Syrian Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources recently issued a statement saying that,In the first half of this year, the average daily output of Syrian oil was 80,300 barrels, of which more than 80% and about 66,000 barrels were plundered by "the US military and its supporting armed forces"..

　　The Syrian News Agency reported on the 13th that the U.S. military sent a convoy of 89 tankers that day to transfer the oil stolen in Syria to bases in Iraq through illegal border crossings. On the 11th, 144 vehicles were transported for stealing oil.

　　Video screenshot

　　The Syrian crisis broke out in 2011. Since 2014, the United States has deployed troops in eastern and northeastern Syria. In recent years, the Syrian government has repeatedly accused the US military of stealing and transporting oil in northeastern Syria. Bassam Touma, Syrian minister of oil and mineral resources, said,The United States and its allies plundered Syrian oil wealth like pirates.. Mohammed Omari, an expert on Syrian political issues, said that looting natural resources such as oil is one of the ugliest acts of the United States in Syria.

　　In addition to oil, the United States plundered food from Syria. Hasakeh province in the northeast of Syria is an oil depot and a granary, and 60% to 70% of Syria’s grain output is concentrated in this province. According to local media reports,The US military has smuggled or burned Syrian wheat many times..

　　Syria used to be a grain exporter, but now it faces a grain shortage and needs to rely on imports to meet domestic demand. According to the World Food Programme, about 12.4 million people in Syria are currently unable to obtain food security, which is the worst situation on record.

　　Horrible atrocities

　　Before the outbreak of the Syrian crisis, the country had a population of over 22 million. According to data released by the United Nations,The US military intervention has caused at least 350,000 people in Syria to lose their lives, more than 12 million people have been displaced, and 14 million civilians are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance..

　　Between 2016 and 2019 alone, Syria recorded 3,833 civilians directly killed by the bombing of the US-led Coalition forces, half of whom were women and children.

On December 9, 2016, at the Kipling temporary resettlement site in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo, children evacuated from the anti-government armed control area were eating. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Yushe

　　Syrian political analyst Usama Danula said that the displacement and casualties of civilians caused by air strikes is one of the crimes of human rights violations committed by the United States in Syria, but the United States only calls it "collateral losses".

　　Arbitrary and unreasonable sanctions

　　In addition to military intervention, the United States has long imposed harsh unilateral sanctions on Syria and other Middle Eastern countries. In 2019, the United States launched the so-called "Caesar Act", which set many obstacles for foreign investors to invest and build in Syria. Since 1979, the United States has imposed various unilateral sanctions on Iran and other countries for a long time. In 1996, it threw out the so-called "D’Amato Act" to prohibit foreign companies from investing in Iran and Libyan energy industries.

On March 7, a Syrian textile worker worked in a factory building in Qatar Industrial Zone in Aleppo. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Amar Safar Jailanai)

　　Affected by sanctions, the currencies of these Middle Eastern countries have depreciated, prices have soared, local production and business activities have been affected, foreign investment projects have been stranded, and the process of economic development and reconstruction is facing many difficulties. Chaher Abeidy, a political analyst at Anbar University in Iraq, said that American hegemony will often cause comprehensive damage to local economy, culture and other fields.

　　By waging war, imposing unilateral sanctions and plundering wealth, the true face of the United States pursuing hegemony in the name of "freedom, democracy and human rights" has been recognized by the international community, including the Middle East countries. (Participating in reporters: Fan Shuai Shuai, Dong Yalei, Liu Weijian, Yao Bing; Clip: indifferent; Editor: Zhu Ruiqing, Liu Zan, Zhao Zhuoyun, Wang Kewen, Ma Xiaoyan)

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Forum of Powerful Countries ｜ Strive for Building a Powerful Transportation Country

　　Transportation is a basic, service-oriented, strategic industry, and it is the foundation of rejuvenating the country and strengthening the country. The Outline of Building a Traffic Power issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council (referred to as "Construction Outline") has designed a grand blueprint for China’s traffic modernization and endowed our traffic people with a lofty mission. Building a transportation power is an important content to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and it is also the only way to seize the opportunity of the new technological revolution and build a world-class transportation system.

　　China’s Traffic Development Situation and Mission

　　Since the founding of New China, China’s transportation industry has made great historical development. The transformation of transportation capacity from the bottleneck restriction at the beginning of reform and opening up to the initial relief at the end of the 20th century, and then to the current basic adaptation, has provided strong support for the rapid development of China’s economy and society. A comprehensive transportation network has basically taken shape, and the scale of infrastructure and passenger and freight volume rank among the top in the world. Breakthroughs have been made in scientific and technological innovation. The construction technology of high-speed railways, expressways, deep-water ports and large airports has reached the advanced level in the world. A number of projects such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge are world-famous. Fuxing high-speed train and C919 large passenger plane have become China’s beautiful business cards. With the continuous improvement of transportation services, traffic accidents are decreasing year by year. The ability of industry governance has been significantly enhanced. International influence and international competitiveness have been significantly improved. China has become a veritable transportation country. However, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in infrastructure, service level, energy consumption, road safety and innovation ability. At present, China is not a strong transportation country.

　　With China’s development entering a new era, traffic development will also enter a new stage. The main contradiction has turned into a contradiction between people’s yearning for a better life and inadequate imbalance in traffic development. The broad masses should not only "walk well" but also "walk well". Looking forward to the future, China’s industrial structure and energy structure will undergo important changes, and urbanization and population aging will become trends. At the same time, a new round of technological revolution in the world is reshaping the global economic structure. Economic globalization and the implementation of the "Belt and Road Initiative" all require the modernization of China’s transportation. It is imperative to build a strong transportation country.

　　To build China into a powerful socialist modernization country, it is required that transportation should go first and play a supporting role. It is necessary to build a traffic corridor, an economic corridor and a backbone of development; Relying on high-speed, convenient and networked modern transportation, shortening the time and space distance and promoting regional integration; Activate the traffic multiplier effect, promote high-speed rail economy, port economy and airport economy, and become the new engine of development; Integrate the Internet, develop smart travel, support "door-to-door", personalized and diversified services, and make people enjoy traveling happily.

　　To build a strong transportation country, we should take our own road. The United States, Europe, Japan and other countries have developed for more than a hundred years, and many experiences are worth learning. However, a country’s transportation development must be based on its own national conditions. China has a large land area, a large population, more energy, less coal and less oil, and a fragile environment. It has its own characteristics in terms of resource endowment, transportation demand and development stage. It cannot simply copy the development experience of other countries, especially the "car+plane" model of the United States, but should vigorously develop green transportation and public transportation. We should give full play to China’s institutional advantages of concentrating on major events and its leading position in local transportation fields, and take the road of becoming a transportation power with China characteristics.

　　Carrying out the Outline of Construction and Building a Powerful Transportation Country

　　The Outline of Construction defines the general idea of China’s transportation development, that is, "to build a modern comprehensive transportation system that is safe, convenient, efficient, green and economical", "to build first-class facilities, first-class technology, first-class management and first-class service, and to build a transportation power with satisfactory people, strong support and the forefront of the world"; The development goal of basically building a transportation power in 2035 and building a transportation power in an all-round way in the middle of this century was established. At the same time, the "Construction Outline" also clearly expounds the task of building a transportation power, and puts forward requirements on infrastructure, transportation equipment, transportation services, scientific and technological innovation, security, green development, international cooperation, team building, governance capacity, and safeguard measures. More importantly, in order to achieve the above objectives and tasks, the Construction Outline emphasizes that it is necessary to "promote the transformation of transportation development from pursuing speed and scale to paying more attention to quality and efficiency, from relatively independent development of various modes of transportation to paying more attention to integrated development, and from relying on traditional factors to paying more attention to innovation." In short, these three changes are: promoting high-quality development, promoting integrated development and promoting innovative development. From then on, this paper expounds the understanding of the construction of a strong transportation country.

　　About promoting high-quality development. Compared with the high-quality development level, there are still many shortcomings in China’s transportation field. The layout of infrastructure is not reasonable, and there is a big gap between urban and rural development; The proportion of green transportation is not high, and the problem of energy consumption emission is outstanding; Rural basic public services are weak, and logistics costs remain high; The safety level is not high; International competitiveness is not strong. To promote high-quality development is to make precise efforts, adjust the structure to make up for shortcomings, and build a modern and high-quality comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network; Construct a convenient and smooth urban (group) transportation network, give priority to the development of public transportation, and solve urban traffic congestion; Form a wide coverage of rural transportation infrastructure network and promote the organic combination of transportation construction and agricultural development. Construct a multi-level comprehensive transportation hub system to promote the deep integration of roads, railways, waterways, aviation and urban transportation. To promote high-quality development is to improve the level of transportation services, realize fast and convenient travel services and equalize basic public services; Focus on "full travel chain" and "full supply chain" and provide one-stop "door-to-door" first-class service; Passenger transport will be built into a 1-hour commuting circle in big cities, a 2-hour traffic circle in urban agglomerations and a 3-hour traffic circle between major cities in China; Develop multimodal transport of freight, reduce logistics costs, build an efficient express transportation system, and form a logistics circle of one-day delivery in China, two-day delivery in neighboring countries and three-day delivery in the world; Accelerate the development of new formats and modes such as shared transportation; Improve rural passenger service and innovate rural logistics development model.To promote high-quality development is to vigorously develop green transportation and promote the intensive application of resources such as land and sea areas; Optimize the traffic structure and promote the use of clean energy vehicles; Large cities should build an integrated transportation system with rail transit as the backbone and buses as the main body; Create a pleasant walking and cycling environment. To promote high-quality development is to improve the level of traffic safety, build a sound traffic safety management system, strengthen emergency rescue capabilities, and solve the problem of high road traffic casualty rate. To promote high-quality development is to deepen international cooperation, build an important channel to connect China Unicom and serve the world, build an international gateway hub for comprehensive transportation, and lay out global service fulcrums for shipping, civil aviation and railways; Build internationally renowned transportation enterprises and brands and enhance their competitiveness.

　　On promoting integrated development. Although China has basically formed a comprehensive transportation management system, the links of planning, construction and management need to be further straightened out; The construction of laws and regulations lags behind the development of industry. Promoting "integrated development" means perfecting the comprehensive transportation management system, coordinating the planning and construction of infrastructure such as railways, highways, water transport, civil aviation, pipelines and postal services, and promoting comprehensive development. Promote the optimization of transportation structure and support the transfer of bulk and long-distance cargo transportation from highway to railway and waterway. Develop public transportation and regulate the use of private cars with price mechanism. Improve the system of transportation laws and regulations, and formulate the Transportation Law to fill the gaps in the basic laws of transportation; Revise and formulate laws and regulations to adapt to the development of the situation and the emergence of new technologies and new economic formats.

　　About promoting innovation and development. Although China’s transportation science and technology has made many landmark innovations, its independent innovation ability is still insufficient; The core technology of some important equipment is controlled by people, and the overall level of intelligence needs to be improved. Promoting innovation and development is to build the world’s advanced transportation technology system, focus on improving innovation ability, break through core technologies, and solve the problem that core technologies such as automobiles, ships and airplanes are subject to people; Overcome the energy-saving technology of vehicles and reduce energy consumption emissions; Give full play to the advantages of China’s electric vehicles in production capacity, technology research and development, and charging infrastructure construction to achieve "lane change overtaking"; Maintain the leading position of high-speed railway, develop a 400-kilometer-per-hour high-speed train system, and overcome the low-vacuum pipeline high-speed maglev railway technology; Consolidate the leading advantages of transportation and civil engineering and port machinery technology. Promoting "innovation-driven development" is to improve the level of intelligent transportation, give play to the comparative advantages of China’s intelligent transportation development in market, technology and system, build an integrated transportation intelligent management platform and urban intelligent transportation system, optimize traffic planning, dispatching and command, operation and maintenance management, and help solve the traffic congestion problem; Promote the research and development of vehicle-road collaborative technology, concentrate on organizing research and realize automatic driving.

　　At present, the "Construction Outline" has been released and the objectives and tasks have been clearly defined. As a traffic person, we should work hard to build our country into a traffic power and make contributions to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　(The author is Fu Zhihuan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering)

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Economic Daily published an article signed by Minister Li Guoying： Accelerating the construction of water rights trading system.

Accelerate the construction of water right trading system.

Li guoying

　　The establishment of water right trading system is of great significance to promote the optimal allocation and economical and intensive utilization of water resources. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that to promote Chinese modernization, water resources should be taken into account; Promote the establishment of water rights system, clarify the ownership of water rights and cultivate the water rights trading market; Incorporate carbon emission rights, energy use rights, water use rights, emission rights and other resources and environmental factors into the overall plate of factor market allocation reform, and support market transactions such as transfer, transfer, mortgage and shareholding; Actively explore and standardize the promotion of water rights trading. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee put forward clear requirements for improving the property right system and management system of natural resources assets and implementing the rigid constraint system of water resources.

　　We should thoroughly implement the spirit of the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on water control and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, speed up the construction of a water rights trading system with clear ownership, clear powers and responsibilities and effective supervision, actively explore and standardize the promotion of water rights trading, promote the realization of "Pareto optimality" in water resources allocation efficiency and utilization efficiency, and provide a strong water security guarantee for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization.

　　First, speed up the improvement of the initial distribution system of water rights. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that if the property rights are unclear and the rights and responsibilities are unclear, the protection will fail, and it will be difficult to widely implement specific measures for water saving and pollution control such as water rights and emission trading. The initial allocation of water rights is the most important prerequisite for the construction of water rights trading system. According to the constitution, the ownership of water resources belongs to the state, and the initial allocation of water rights must be implemented by the state. As a mobile, random and unstable resource, water resources should be distributed step by step to rivers across provinces, cities and counties in terms of river basins until they are distributed to water users. At present, 94 inter-provincial rivers and 373 inter-provincial rivers have been allocated water, the total groundwater intake and water level control indicators of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) have been determined, and 630,000 sets of electronic licenses for water intake have been issued to water users.

　　It is necessary to follow the principles of openness, fairness and justice, unified planning and unified allocation of water resources, overall consideration of domestic, production and ecological water use, overall consideration of current water use and development water use, total control and quota management, and standardize and promote the initial allocation of water rights. In terms of regional water rights, the inter-provincial river water distribution will be fully completed, and the inter-administrative river water distribution in the province will be accelerated. On this basis, the available water consumption in each region will be determined, laying a solid foundation for further clarifying the composition and quantity of regional water rights. In terms of water rights of water users, we will study and formulate policies and measures to standardize the examination and approval of water permits, strengthen the management of electronic licenses for water permits, and further standardize and clarify the water rights of various water users. In terms of water rights of public water users, the determination of water rights of irrigation water users in irrigation areas should be promoted according to needs, and the determination of water rights of users in public water supply networks should be explored. In the aspect of dynamic management of water rights allocation, according to the changes of water resources conditions, ecological protection and the needs of economic and social development, the available water consumption in various places is optimized and adjusted, and the initial allocation account of water rights is dynamically updated.

　　The second is to speed up the improvement of the water resources monitoring system. Perfecting the water resources monitoring system is the most important basic work in the construction of water rights trading system. If the water resources monitoring system is not perfect and lacks scientific, accurate and objective monitoring and evaluation data, the water rights trading system will eventually become a castle in the air.

　　It is necessary to speed up the construction of a national water resources monitoring system in accordance with the requirements of careful use of water resources and strict management of water resources. We should set up monitoring stations for river and lake sections, install water intake metering facilities, encrypt the network of groundwater monitoring stations, strengthen the application of new monitoring technologies, improve the water resources monitoring information collection system and collection platform, further expand the coverage of monitoring and metering, and improve the online monitoring and metering rate. Strengthen the information sharing of water rights transaction and water resources management, realize the collection and sharing of water consumption monitoring and metering data, water intake information beyond the permitted plan, water intake and water users information, initial allocation of water rights, water rights transaction and mortgage pledge data, and open up the supervision chain of water rights before and after the event. Strengthen the analysis and application of monitoring and measurement data, and timely evaluate the transaction and use effect of water rights.

　　The third is to speed up the improvement of the water rights trading market system. Cultivating water rights trading market is an important task in the construction of water rights trading system. The generalized water market can be divided into three levels: the market between the state and water resource operators, the market between water resource operators and water resource users, and the market between water resource users. The water right transactions between water resource users can be divided into three categories: between administrative regions, between industries and between water users. Since the beginning of this century, China’s water rights trading has been explored and developed continuously. Since its establishment in 2016, China Water Rights Exchange has exceeded 15,700 single transactions, with a trading volume of 4.79 billion cubic meters, covering 29 provinces across the country. In 2023, Sichuan and Ningxia successfully realized the first single inter-provincial water rights transaction in the Yellow River Basin. But overall, China’s water rights trading market is not fully developed and the water rights trading is not active enough.

　　It is necessary to thoroughly study the problems faced by the development of the water rights trading market, clarify the policy orientation, and increase the cultivation of the water rights trading market. Improve the guiding mechanism of water rights trading, and put forward supporting measures around the trading situation, trading period, trading procedures and rights protection in accordance with the requirements of active exploration and standardized promotion, so as to reduce the cost of trading system and stabilize market expectations. Strengthen the reverse mechanism of water right transaction, strictly supervise after the event of water use, implement the differential management of water resources overloaded area, critical overloaded area and non-overloaded area, suspend the new water intake permit in the overloaded area, and force the overloaded area to revitalize the water stock and solve the new water demand through water right transaction. On the premise of ensuring life, basic ecology and reasonable irrigation water, we will explore the implementation of water rights trading for industries and services with high water consumption in some areas with serious shortage and overload of water resources. Innovate green financial measures for water rights, explore trading forms such as mortgage and pledge of water rights, and enrich and expand the ways to realize the value of aquatic ecological products.

　　The fourth is to speed up the improvement of the water rights trading platform system. Water rights trading platform is a service place to promote water rights trading and cultivate water rights market, and is responsible for water rights trading, collecting and publishing trading information. Generally, it can be divided into three types: national water rights trading center to meet the needs of cross-basin water rights trading, basin water rights trading center to meet the needs of inter-provincial trading within the same basin, and regional water rights trading center to meet the needs of different water users in the province. China Water Rights Exchange belongs to the national water rights trading platform.

　　It is necessary to give full play to the role of the national water rights trading platform, optimize the platform structure and functional design, and improve the system of river basin and regional water rights trading platform in accordance with the opinions of the CPC Central Committee on accelerating the construction of a unified national market and the work arrangements of the State Council on establishing a unified public resources trading platform. Improve the operating rules and trading rules system of water rights trading platform, establish an open, fair and just operating mechanism for water rights trading, and unify trading rules, technical standards and data norms. Promote the information construction of water rights trading, make full use of artificial intelligence, digital twinning and other technologies, collect and publish water rights supply and demand information, and form a unified national trading information network. We will promote the relatively centralized trading of water rights, and the trading of water rights across the first-level water resources areas, inter-provincial areas and water resources overloaded areas shall be conducted in principle on the national water rights trading platform.

　　The fifth is to speed up the improvement of the supervision system of the water rights trading market. Market supervision is an important link in the construction chain of water right trading system. It is necessary to study and establish a regulatory model and regulatory system that adapts to different types of water rights transactions, strengthen the approval and supervision of water rights transactions, and maintain a good order in the water rights trading market. Improve the supervision mechanism of water rights transactions, strengthen the supervision before and after water rights transactions, and further improve the management regulations on transaction methods, transaction procedures, transaction prices and transaction purposes for different types of water rights transactions. Formulate a negative list of water rights transactions, clearly list the relevant circumstances or requirements that prohibit or restrict transactions, and prohibit water rights transactions for those who change the use of water without approval, do not have the conditions for monitoring and metering, cause or aggravate the overload of water resources, and occupy the domestic water of residents, rational water for farmland irrigation and basic ecological water. Strengthen daily supervision, focusing on the authenticity of the water volume of water rights trading, the standardization of trading procedures, and the compliance of water use behavior of both parties after trading. Actively cultivate market intermediary service organizations, establish a third party for water rights trading and an ecological environment impact assessment and compensation mechanism, and effectively regulate water rights trading and management behavior.

　　(The author is Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Water Resources)

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Doctor of Philosophy’s Refinement —— Tell the post-90s about Marx (IV)

　　There is a seminar room in the Philosophy Department of Jena University in Germany, where many thinkers and philosophers have given lectures. Fichte, a burly figure, knocked on the blackboard again and again: "Kant’s thing itself is redundant." Schelling shouted that his classmates would go to the yard with him to feel the beauty of nature. "Let’s go, don’t let spring wait." Hegel did not understand the kindness of his college roommate Schelling, and said coldly, "All cows in the night are black."

　　Young friends, from the words of these philosophers, you must have come to a conclusion: philosophy is really incomprehensible. Therefore, not to mention those students who have obtained the doctorate of philosophy, in the eyes of ordinary people, they are more like a group of "heterogeneous".

　　On April 15, 1841, a doctoral thesis defense meeting was held in this seminar room, but the defense scene was surprisingly quiet becauseThe protagonist of the defense didn’t appear. After reading the paper, the experts of the judges unanimously decided that this is an excellent doctoral thesis. Although I didn’t come, the situation was special, but I should still be awarded a doctorate.

　　thisThe "aliens" who didn’t attend the defense are our protagonists — — Marx.

　　So, how did Marx write his doctoral thesis? What did he write in his doctoral thesis? Why did you get a doctorate from Jena University? Don’t worry, let’s come together.

　　In 1836, Marx transferred to Berlin University to study philosophy. He was upgraded to a diligent "scholar". Every day, besides reading books, he also listened to doctors and young teachers arguing and chatting. These young people were loyal followers of Hegel’s philosophy and formed an academic group called "young hegelians". Among these people, one has the closest relationship with Marx. He not only helped Marx with his studies, but also helped Marx plan his future career. He was the mentor during Marx’s university — — Bruno Powell, a theological lecturer at the University of Berlin, played an important role in Marx’s life development and planning in the next few years. For example, it was with Powell’s encouragement that Marx decided to write his doctoral thesis, followed Powell’s suggestion, and finally sent it to Jena, where he obtained his doctorate.

　　It is only a short period of five years from Marx to the University of Berlin to study philosophy and then to his doctorate. But this period is extremely important for his academic development, ideological development and life development. This importance is embodied in the choice of the following three important things. Next, I will introduce three important things about him to you.

　　The first thing is to change majors.

　　Dear students, how did you choose your major in the college entrance examination? Are you satisfied with your major?

　　Like many of our classmates now, Marx faced the problem of dissatisfaction with his major in his youth. He initially followed his father’s advice and chose a popular law major, but soon found his real interest and transferred to a less popular philosophy major. Interest is the best teacher and the driving force to get rid of secular vision.

　　When Marx studied law at Bonn University according to his father’s wishes, his interest was not strong, and he even smoked, drank and played truant with other young people. Later, his father wrote to severely criticize him and warned him that if he neglected his studies, he would cut off his financial resources. Therefore, Marx chose to transfer to another school and major, and devoted himself to academic research with great enthusiasm.

　　horseAlthough Marx’s choice of philosophy is related to his interest, the more fundamental reason lies in the mission undertaken by philosophy.In Greek philosophy, philosophy is knowledge that loves wisdom, and philosophy is concerned with the origin of the world. Where did our world come from, and where did we humans come from? In modern times, philosophers have a deeper understanding of philosophy. Hegel said that philosophy is an era that is grasped in thought. Later, Marx said this sentence as "philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times." These two expressions have a common element, that is, philosophy is closely related to the times, and philosophy is the most profound understanding of the times. Marx’s choice of philosophy is basically to deeply understand his era, its characteristics and its mission. Only philosophy can undertake this mission.

　　The second thing is that Marx wrote a paper.

　　Writing a thesis is a big test for many college students. The basic requirement of a qualified academic paper is to express your views on a certain issue and demonstrate your views, not only to ensure that your views are not backward or outdated, but also to be persuasive and supported by documents. For many liberal arts students, it is not difficult to look up documents and write opinions. What is difficult is to "gather words". Especially for doctoral dissertations, the number of words in an excellent doctoral dissertation in liberal arts is generally about 150,000-200,000 words, but for most people who don’t study for a doctoral degree, it is very likely that they will not be able to write so many words in their lifetime. What’s more, a Ph.D. thesis itself requires a standardized deduction and demonstration with philosophical concepts, which is simply difficult to go to the sky.

　　Since Marx chose his favorite philosophy major, he should show his superior strength in philosophy. The most direct way is to choose a most difficult topic in the already difficult philosophy field. This paper is best to be the most difficult of all papers, that is, the doctoral thesis, in one step.

　　At this time, Marx’s mentor Powell went to Bonn University to teach. He hoped that Marx would finish his doctoral thesis and get a doctorate as soon as possible, so that he could strive for a teacher position in Bonn University and work as a colleague together. So in the second half of 1840, Marx began to write his doctoral thesis. His doctoral thesis was titled "On the Difference between democritus’s Natural Philosophy and Ebinur’s Natural Philosophy".

　　Democritus, Epicurus and Natural Philosophy. What do these three words mean?

　　The first two words are the names of two ancient Greek philosophers. Natural philosophy is a research field in ancient Greek philosophy, which mainly discusses the origin and composition of the world. Interestingly, the two ancient Greek philosophers have discussed a common problem, that is, matter is composed of tiny and indivisible atoms, and matter moves and changes because of the movement of atoms themselves. So, what exactly is the movement of atoms? Democritus thought that the motion of the atom was a straight line motion along the established orbit, but Epicurus thought that the motion of the atom was a deflection motion containing contingency, which would leave the established orbit and realize its real intention — — Freedom.

　　Marx chose this topic because it is difficult to write and because it is related to Marx’s position. It can be said that Marx clearly put forward the position of freedom through this doctoral thesis.

　　Marx believes that the movement of atoms deviating from the orbit is tantamount to a "revolution" for the original established orbit. Marx devoted his whole life to the cause of revolution, which was the fate of the capitalist system in the name of liberalism and against the reality of human freedom, and he believed that real freedom is the all-round development of human beings, which can only be truly realized in a communist society.

　　The third thing is to change the school defense.

　　At the beginning of 1841, Marx’s doctoral thesis was finally finished. According to the doctoral degree training procedure, he still needed to defend his thesis before he could really get a doctorate in philosophy. However, no matter how well the paper is written, it must be appreciated, otherwise it will be difficult to pass the expert review and defense. At this time, Marx realized that for the increasingly conservative University of Berlin, it was difficult to conquer the authoritative experts with the viewpoint of freedom in his thesis, and he could only find a university that could recognize his academic views to defend. So, at Powell’s suggestion, Marx chose Jena University.

　　What kind of school is Jena University? Located in Thuringia in eastern Germany, it is a prestigious university in Germany. At present, its majors such as philosophy, optics and German education are still in the leading position in the world. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the University of Jena was the center of modern European ideological movement. It was also an important town of legal research at that time. The father of the philosopher Feuerbach, the old Feuerbach, was a criminologist in Jena. Before Marx chose to defend at Jena University, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, important representatives of German classical philosophy, all taught in Jena successively. It can be said that this place is full of bright stars and liberal and enlightened style of study.

　　Therefore, Marx chose to obtain a doctorate from the University of Jena. Judging from the results, basically as Marx wished, the doctoral thesis was completed at the end of March 1841, and Marx sent it to the Philosophy Department of Jena University on April 6. On April 15, when Marx himself was not present, the thesis was unanimously passed, and the experts in the defense group decided to award Marx a doctorate in philosophy from Jena University. However, after Marx got his doctorate, did he successfully enter the university to teach? We’ll leave this question for you to solve later.

　　-Ben finished-

　　Teacher: Li Yushu

　　Next episode preview:

　　Marx finally found a job. This job is not what Marx wanted as a university teacher, but as an editor of Rheinische Zeitung in Cologne. When I first started editing, I was not happy, but then, Marx also found unexpected joy in his work. By paying attention to and studying the economic and social situation in the Rhine region, we can observe a real German society.

　　See you tomorrow ~

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Data Analysis Formula Collection+Frequently Asked Questions Summary! Collect it! Take a look before the exam and get an extra point!

Hello, little friends

The 2022 multi-provincial civil service examination was restarted on July 9.

The sprint time for preparing for the exam is less than one month.

What I shared today is

data analysisFrequently asked questions type identification, formula and quick calculation skills

Knowledge points are memorized by heart,The examination room is like a duck to water

Hurry up and learn with Tu Tu.

I. Amount of base period

I. Calculation of base period:

1. Find the amount of base period

[Identification] Given this year, find the quantity of last year. (Current quantity and growth rate are known)

[formula]

[Quick calculation skills] If 丨 r 丨 ≤5%, divide it into multiplication; If è r 丨 > 5%, truncate and divide directly.

2. Base period difference:

[Identification] Give the numerical value of a certain word this year and the growth rate of this year compared with last year, and ask how much is the difference between these two words last year? That is, to find the difference between the occurrence period and the growth rate.

[formula]

[Quick calculation skills] 1. If the option is two positive and two negative, two sets of the same data: exclude the current difference and compare the sizes; 2. If the option is four values: calculate two base periods separately; if direct division is adopted, three digits are truncated and two digits are calculated.

Second, the base period quantity comparison:

[Quick calculation skills] First look (fractional nature, magnitude), second calculation (truncation and direct division)

Second, the growth amount

I. Calculation of growth:

1. [Identification] Give the values of this year and last year, and ask whether this year’s XX is more (less) than last year’s … yuan (tons, mu …)?

[Formula] Growth amount = current amount-base amount, and decrease amount = base amount-current amount

[Quick calculation skills] The mantissa method and truncation are the same

2. [Identification] Given this year’s numerical value and year-on-year growth rate, ask whether this year’s XX is … yuan (ton) higher/lower than last year’s.

[formula]

[Quick calculation skills] When the growth rate is greater than 0, the growth rate is ≈1/n, and the growth amount = current amount /(n+1) (referred to as the principle of n+1).

When the growth rate is less than 0 and the reduction rate is ≈1/n, the reduction amount = current amount /(n-1) (referred to as the n-1 principle for short).

3. Average annual growth

[Identification] How much does XX-XX increase annually on average (tons, mu …)?

[Formula] Average annual growth =

[Quick calculation skills] Cut off the position and divide it directly

Second, the growth comparison:

1. The current amount and base amount are given.After calculation and comparison, some problems can also be judged by directly observing the column height difference.

2. Given the current volume and growth rate：

[Formula] Big is big (if the current volume is large and the growth rate is large, the growth amount must be large); One big one underestimates the product (the larger the "current quantity ×r", the greater the growth).

Note: If the difference between "1+r" is too large (several times), "current quantity ×r" cannot be used for comparison.

Comparison of change amount: if the current amount is large, the change amount is large; The larger the product of current quantity ×r, the larger the change.

Fractional percentage conversion table

Third, the growth rate

I. General growth rate：

1. Calculation of growth rate

[Identification] A is more than B (increased/expanded/increased) …% (times)

(1) percentage points, rate of addition and subtraction.

② [Formula]

"Quick calculation" Truncated direct division

2. Calculation of reduction rate

[Identification] A is less (decreased) than B..

[formula]

"Quick calculation" Truncated direct division

3. Comparison of growth rates

[Quick calculation skills] Incremental substitution method, multiple substitution method and score comparison method (one look and two calculations)

Second, the special growth rate:

1. Interval growth rate

[Identification] Time interval is one year, and the growth rate is calculated.

[Formula] R = R1+R2+R1× R2

[Quick calculation skills] 1. Both R1 and r2 are less than 10%, ignoring r1×r2；; 2. When calculating r1×r2, use the special fraction method.

2. Mixed growth rate

[Identification] The whole appears to be composed of parts, and the growth rate is sought.

[Formula] The overall growth rate is between some growth rates, and it is biased towards the side with a large base (biased towards the side with a large base period, generally replaced by the current amount).

Common can use some statements of mixed growth rate rule:

Annual = first half+second half = first three quarters+fourth quarter; Import and export = import+export;Real estate = real estate+real estate;Total transportation = freight+passenger;Export value = import value+surplus;Urban and rural = town+country

Fourth, the specific gravity

definitionSpecific gravity refers to the proportion of a certain part or individual in the total, which is generally in the form of percentage.

Question type characteristics: the proportion of a; The proportion of a in b.

formula: Specific gravity = partial quantity/total quantity

Classification of questions:

First, the calculation class

Question 1: What is the proportion of A to B in the current period?

Specific gravity = partial quantity/whole quantity, and the truncation is divided directly.

Total quantity = partial quantity/specific quantity, truncated direct division.

Partial quantity = whole quantity × specific gravity, and special value or scaling is considered in multiplication.

Question 2: what is the proportion of a to b in the past year?

Formula: specific gravity of base period =

Quick calculation skills: calculate half; Split-1 method

Question 3: According to the difference between the two periods, the proportion of A to B this year has changed by … percentage points (%) compared with the previous year?

Formula: Difference of specific gravity between two periods =

Second, the specific gravity comparison:

Score comparison method (one look, two calculations)

V. Average value

average numberIt is a quantity that represents the trend in a set of data, and it refers to the quotient obtained by dividing the sum of all data in a set of data by the number of this set of data.

characteristic: "every", "average" and "company" appear.

formula: Average = Total/Total = Back/Front

Error-prone unit conversion: 1 ton =2000 Jin, 1 hectare =15 mu.

Question 1: Average multiple numbers.

Formula: average = total number/total number

Quick calculation skills: ① observation; ② Median value method.

Question 2: What are the numbers of "every ……", "all ……" and "unit ……" this year?

Formula: current average = total number/total number = back/front =A/B

Quick calculation skill: direct division by truncation

Question 3: What was the number of "every …", "all …" and "unit …" in the past year?

Formula: base period average =

Quick calculation skills: calculate half and split one method

Question 4: The average of XX this year is RMB/person higher (lower) than last year?

Formula: average growth =

Question 5: The average of XX this year is ……% higher (lower) than last year?

Formula: average growth rate =

Six, multiple

Multiply is the relative number compared by two related indicators.A is A/B times that of B.

Question 1: Is A … times that of B this year?

Formula: current multiple =A/B

Quick calculation skill: direct division by truncation

Question 2: Last year, A was … times that of B?

Formula: base period multiple =

Quick calculation skills: calculate half and split one method

VII. Comprehensive analysis

[Skill]

1. Error-prone points (ask √ skip, ask × look first): percentage, deficiency, doubling, and favorable deficit.

2. Simple priority:

(1) first look at the options of formula (two-period proportion, two-period average, growth comparison, mixed growth rate, etc.), direct reading and simple addition and subtraction.

(2) give priority to the material "year" option, and the time point gives priority to the time period.

③ Skip the interval year, the ratio of base period, and those that are complicated in calculation and incomprehensible.

pithy mnemonic formula: ① comparison of two periods (A > B, rising; A < b, down); ② Comparison of base period (lean camel is bigger than horse: the base period with obvious current period is generally bigger); (3) comparison of growth (the bigger the product, the bigger the product); (4) Mixed class (the whole is between the parts, and it is biased towards the party with larger cardinality)

Collect it! Take a look before the exam and get an extra point!

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Cleaning, repair and diagnosis, the care activities of Yingchi Internet Cafe are in full swing.

　　In the past 20 years, we have experienced all kinds of ups and downs, and we can’t live without friends from all walks of life. Now, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary, we have previously launched the "Internet Cafe Care Action" for Internet cafes, providing services such as graphics card fault diagnosis, maintenance, appearance cleaning and environmental assessment of Internet cafes. At present, we have received feedback from many places and the cooperation is quite smooth.

　　We provide on-site service for Internet cafes that meet the registration requirements by six service centers nationwide, and carry out hardware and internal maintenance and dust cleaning, so as to provide high-quality service content for local partners. At present, Lanzhou Yulong Internet Cafe and Yunshidai E-sports Hotel have sent live photos of the service process and affirmed our caring activities.

　　Lanzhou Yulong internet cafe

　　Disassemble the Yingchi graphics card that needs cleaning and maintenance.

　　When the graphics card is used for a long time, the cooling fins and fans will accumulate a certain amount of dust, which will affect the cooling efficiency.

　　Disassemble the graphics card, remove the dust on the PCB board, and replace the silicone grease and thermal pad.

　　Use an air gun to quickly clean the dust on the radiating fins.

　　Use GPU stress testing software to test the performance and heat dissipation temperature of the graphics card.

　　Successfully completed the Yingchi after-sales care service of Lanzhou Yulong Internet Cafe.

　　Yun age esports hotel

　　The use environment of the computer in the e-sports hotel

　　Dismantle the Yingchi video card of the e-sports hotel and replace it with a brand-new thermal pad and silicone grease.

　　Use GPU test software to test whether the performance of the graphics card is normal.

　　Change the area and clean the graphics card of other machines.

　　Clean the dust on the fan and radiator.

　　Perfect completion of the after-sales care service of the cloud era e-sports hotel.

　　At present, the care action of the 20th anniversary of Yingchi Internet Cafe is still in full swing, and the activity time will last until December. I look forward to meeting you later and providing you with more caring actions ~

20 th anniversary of yingchi

"Thank you.

Live up to expectations. "

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Economic Daily published an article signed by Minister Li Guoying： Accelerating the construction of water rights trading system.

Doctor of Philosophy’s Refinement —— Tell the post-90s about Marx (IV)

Data Analysis Formula Collection+Frequently Asked Questions Summary! Collect it! Take a look before the exam and get an extra point!

Cleaning, repair and diagnosis, the care activities of Yingchi Internet Cafe are in full swing.

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