Provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and cities specifically designated in the state plan, agriculture (agriculture and animal husbandry, rural economy), agricultural machinery, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, agricultural reclamation, agricultural products processing and fishery departments (bureaus, commissions and offices), Agricultural Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, relevant departments of ministries and agencies, and directly affiliated institutions:
In order to give full play to the important function and great potential of big data in agricultural and rural development, and strongly support and serve agricultural modernization, according to the Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Promoting Big Data Development (Guo Fa [2015〕50No.) spirit, formulate the implementation opinions.
First, deeply understand the significance of the development and application of big data in agriculture and rural areas.
(1) Agricultural and rural big data has become a new resource element of modern agriculture.At present, big data is rapidly developing into a new generation of information technology and service formats to discover new knowledge, create new value and enhance new capabilities. It has become a national basic strategic resource and is becoming a new driving force for China’s economic transformation and development, a new opportunity to reshape the country’s competitive advantage and a new way to enhance the government’s governance capacity. Agriculture and rural areas are one of the important fields of big data generation and application, and are the foundation and important part of the development of big data in China. With the deepening of informatization and agricultural modernization, agricultural and rural big data is being fully and deeply integrated with the agricultural industry, gradually becoming the locator of agricultural production, the navigation light of agricultural market and the baton of agricultural management, and increasingly becoming the nervous system of smart agriculture and the core key element of promoting agricultural modernization.
(2) Developing big data in agriculture and rural areas is an urgent need to solve the problem of agricultural development.China has entered a critical stage of accelerating the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. To break through the constraints of resources and environment, it is necessary to use big data to improve the accuracy and intelligence of agricultural production and promote the transformation of agricultural resource utilization. To solve the constraints of the double squeeze of cost "floor" and price "ceiling", it is necessary to use big data to promote the structural reform of the supply side and demand side of agricultural products and improve the utilization efficiency of all agricultural factors. To enhance the international competitiveness of China’s agriculture, it is necessary to use big data to strengthen the investigation and analysis of global agricultural data and enhance the right to speak, price and influence in the international market. To guide farmers’ production and management decisions, it is necessary to use big data to improve the comprehensive agricultural information service capabilities and let farmers share the fruits of informatization development. To promote the modernization of government governance capacity, it is necessary to use big data to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of agricultural and rural economic operation information and accelerate the realization of scientific decision-making based on data.
(3) The development of big data in agriculture and rural areas has ushered in major opportunities.China’s agricultural and rural data has a long history, a large number and many types, but there are long-term problems such as unclear base, lack of core data, low data quality, insufficient sharing and opening up, and insufficient development and utilization, which cannot meet the needs of agricultural and rural development. With the acceleration of rural network infrastructure construction and the rapid growth of the number of netizens, the advantages of agricultural and rural data carriers and application markets are gradually emerging, especially the rapid development of new generation information technologies such as mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things, and the rapid formation of various types of massive data, the development of agricultural and rural big data has a good foundation and realistic conditions, which provides an effective way to solve the difficulties and problems faced by the development of agricultural and rural big data in China.
Second, clear the overall requirements for the development and application of big data in agriculture and rural areas
(4) guiding ideology. Thoroughly implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the 3rd, 4th and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, take Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development as the guidance, implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and give full play to the forecasting function of big data according to the requirements of "focusing on the long term, highlighting key points, accelerating construction, integrating and sharing". Deepen the innovative application of big data in agricultural production, operation, management and services, provide more perfect data services for government departments’ management decisions and production and operation activities of various market entities, and provide strong support for achieving the goal of making remarkable progress in agricultural modernization.
(5) Basic principles:
-Adhere to problem-oriented and application-driven.Starting with the outstanding problems and urgent needs, we should make clear the key points of construction, focus on the weak links, take application as the endogenous power, and promote scientific, efficient and sustainable development.
-Adhere to innovative mechanisms and integrate resources.Strengthen the top-level design, promote data collection and promote data development and utilization by integrating data resources, and establish a working mechanism with unified standards, responsibilities and joint construction and sharing.
-stick to the easy first, then the difficult, and gradually advance.Give priority to the construction of big data in areas, key areas and key varieties with good foundation, carry out pilot projects one by one and link by link, summarize while piloting, and see results while promoting, so as to promote the steady development of big data in agriculture and rural areas in different regions and fields.
-adhere to the linkage between the upper and lower levels and social crowdfunding.The central and local governments are linked up and down, the agriculture-related departments cooperate with each other, and various social forces such as market entities and industry organizations participate extensively, forming a development pattern of agricultural and rural big data with comprehensive coverage, business collaboration, interoperability and crowdfunding sharing.
(6) Main objectives.Based on China’s national conditions and practical needs, the futurefive～10During the year, the orderly sharing and opening of agricultural data was realized, and the transformation of agricultural data was initially completed. arrive2017Before the end of the year, the scope, boundary and usage of data sharing between the Ministry of Agriculture and provincial agricultural administrative departments were basically clear, and the sharing pattern of cross-departmental and cross-regional data resources was basically formed. arrive2018Before the end of the year, the information system of "Golden Agriculture Project" will share and exchange data with other relevant information systems of the central government through a unified platform. arrive2020Before the end of the year, the data sets of the Ministry of Agriculture and the provincial agricultural administrative departments will be gradually opened to the public, and the digitalization of agricultural and rural historical materials, the automation of data collection, the intelligence of data use and the convenience of data sharing will be realized. arrive2025In, realize the connection of agricultural industrial chain, value chain and supply chain, greatly improve the ability and level of intelligent agricultural production, networked management, efficient management and convenient service, and comprehensively build a global agricultural data investigation and analysis system.
Third, lay a solid foundation for the development and application of big data in agriculture and rural areas
(seven) the construction of national agricultural data center.Taking the construction of global agricultural data survey and analysis system as the starting point, we will promote the cloud-based upgrade of national agricultural data centers and build a national agricultural data cloud platform, and on this basis, we will integrate and build a national agriculture-related big data center. National Agricultural Data Center byoneA central platform, planting, animal husbandry and fishery industry data, international agriculture, global remote sensing, quality and safety, science and technology education, facilities and equipment, agricultural elements, resources and environment, disaster prevention and mitigation, disease prevention and control and other data resources are composed of agricultural data sub-centers of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, integrating all kinds of data of the Ministry of Agriculture and data of agriculture-related departments.
(8) Promote the openness of data sharing.Integrate data resources of the Ministry of Agriculture, unify data management and realize data sharing. Various statistical reports of the Ministry of Agriculture, various data survey samples and survey results, data obtained by means of modern information technology such as remote sensing, documents formed by various government websites, and commercial data purchased by the government are shared on the platform of the National Agricultural Data Center. Promote the integration of data resources through the arrangement of project funds, and strictly control the arrangement of relevant project funds for those who do not share or open data according to regulations, except for the data that is confidential as stipulated by the state. Through internal integration and external exchange, we will gradually promote the co-construction and sharing of data between departments within the Ministry, between agriculture-related departments, and between the central and local governments. Establishment of agricultural farmersOpen directory project list of village big data resources, formulate data opening plans, and promote the gradual opening of agricultural data in various regions and fields to the society, so that data should be open and open, and improve the availability of open data.
(9) Give play to the functions of all kinds of data.Consolidate and improve the existing monitoring and statistical channels, improve the list of base counties and samples, improve the data collection system of villages and counties, carry out cleaning and calibration of historical data, and systematically sort out the production, consumption, inventory, trade, price, cost and benefit of agricultural products.“Six core data", the establishment of important agricultural products supply and demand balance table system. Expand the data collection channels of the Internet of Things, strengthen and use remote sensing, sensors, intelligent terminals and other technical equipment to collect data on agricultural resources, environment, production process, processing and circulation in real time, and support accurate agricultural production and sales. Open up internet data collection channels, carry out internet data mining, carry out digital transformation of existing documents and materials, and promote online agricultural production, operation and management services.
(10) Improve the agricultural data standard system.Establish a standard system of data indicators, sample standards, collection methods, analysis models, and release systems covering agricultural products, resource elements, product transactions, agricultural technology, and government management. To carry out the formulation and implementation of key common standards such as data openness, index caliber, classification catalogue, exchange interface, access interface, data quality, data transaction, technical products, security and confidentiality in the agricultural sector. Construct a standard system for the development and utilization of agricultural data on the Internet.
(11) Strengthen data security management.In accordance with the requirements of synchronous planning, synchronous construction and synchronous operation and maintenance of information security and informatization projects, we will improve the management system of big data platforms, establish a centralized and unified security management system and operation and maintenance system, and strengthen security protection measures such as virus prevention, vulnerability management, intrusion prevention, information encryption and access control. Improve the emergency response plan, scientifically lay out the construction of disaster recovery centers, strictly implement network security systems such as information security level protection and risk assessment, and clarify the scope, boundaries, responsible subjects and specific requirements of network security in data collection, transmission, storage, use and opening.
Fourth, grasp the key areas of the development and application of big data in agriculture and rural areas
(12) Support the intelligentization of agricultural production.By using ground observation, sensors, remote sensing and geographic information technology, we will strengthen the collection, aggregation and correlation analysis of data perceived by agricultural production environment, production facilities and animals and plants, improve the intelligent monitoring system of agricultural production progress, strengthen the real-time monitoring and analysis of relevant data such as agricultural conditions, plant protection, tillage and fertilizer, pesticides, feed, vaccines and agricultural machinery operations, and improve the data support capabilities such as agricultural production management, command and dispatch. Promote the application of Internet of Things technology in planting, animal husbandry and fishery production, and form agricultural Internet of Things big data. Develop big data for agricultural machinery applications, strengthen data acquisition such as agricultural machinery configuration optimization, working condition detection and operation measurement, improve the remote monitoring ability of agricultural machinery operation quality, and improve the related monitoring ability of crop planting area, production progress and agricultural product output.
(thirteen) the implementation of agricultural resources and environment accurate monitoring.Establish a data sharing mechanism with meteorological, water conservancy, land and environmental protection departments, and build a database of agricultural resources and environment. The establishment of agricultural biological resources, agricultural production environment and agricultural non-point source pollution and other long-term fixed-point and positioning monitoring system, improve the monitoring and evaluation index system, for“One control, two MINUS three basics"The implementation of the action provides data support. Carry out online data collection of cultivated land, grassland, forest land, water conservancy facilities and water resources, and build a national real-time monitoring network for big data of agriculture, forestry, resources and environment. Gradually open the data of agricultural resources and environment, and support enterprises to develop data products such as water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving and agricultural meteorological forecasting.
(fourteen) to carry out the forecast of agricultural natural disasters.We will improve the monitoring techniques and means of major agricultural natural disasters and grassland fires such as drought, flood, chilling injury and typhoon, strengthen the capacity building of real-time data acquisition, and improve the level of emergency response. Organize and excavate the historical data of natural disasters, strengthen the research and prediction of disaster occurrence trends, master the disaster law, strengthen real-time monitoring and early warning, grasp the best prevention and control opportunity, effectively prevent and minimize disaster losses. Establish a basic database of agricultural disasters, organize a team of experts to build a prediction model, carry out the correlation analysis between agricultural disasters and agricultural production data, and regularly issue disaster early warning and disaster prevention and mitigation measures.
(fifteen) to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of animal diseases and plant diseases and insect pests.Establish and improve the national animal disease and plant diseases and insect pests information database system, the national major animal disease and plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control command and dispatch system, and improve the information level of monitoring and early warning, prevention and control, emergency response and decision-making command. We will improve the field monitoring network of crop diseases and insect pests, pesticide safety risk monitoring network, animal disease risk monitoring network, animal and animal products movement risk monitoring network, veterinary drug risk monitoring network, slaughter link quality and safety monitoring network and grassland rat pest monitoring network in key pastoral areas, so as to improve the systematicness, scientificity and accuracy of animal diseases and plant diseases and insect pests monitoring and forecasting.
(sixteen) to achieve the quality and safety of agricultural products throughout the traceability.Accelerate the construction of national agricultural product quality and safety traceability management information platform, establish and improve system norms and technical standards, strengthen data docking with relevant departments, realize traceability management in production, acquisition, storage, transportation and other links, establish data sharing mechanisms such as quality traceability, law enforcement supervision, inspection and testing, promote automatic data collection, network transmission, standardized processing and visual application, and realize traceability information can be queried, traceable, traceable and accountable. Promote the traceability of important means of production information such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, feed and feed additives, fertilizers, and provide full information services for agricultural products regulatory agencies, inspection and certification institutions, production and operation entities and the public.
(seventeen) to realize the traceability of the whole industry chain information query of crop seed industry.Establish a big data information system for crop seed industry, integrate the information data of the Ministry, province, city and county seed industry scientific research, variety management, seed production and operation, market supply and demand, realize online application for new variety protection, variety approval, variety registration, introduction and filing, seed production and operation license filing, open and query information such as seed supply and demand, market price and market supervision, unify market seed labeling norms, and realize the traceability from variety selection to seed retail, which is beneficial to farmers.
(eighteen) to strengthen the agricultural production and marketing information monitoring and early warning data support.On the basis of consolidating the original data collection, we will carry out monitoring and analysis of data such as e-commerce, futures trading, electronic auction and electronic settlement in the wholesale market, strengthen the construction of data collection system for agricultural products processing, increase the data collection at the consumer end, establish a data monitoring system covering the whole industrial chain, and promote the accurate docking of agricultural products production and marketing. Strengthen the investigation and analysis of global agricultural data, research and develop supply and demand forecasting models of important agricultural products, set up cross-sectoral and cross-industry agricultural big data analysis teams, conduct comprehensive consultations, and improve the ability of analysis, early warning and regulation. Improve agricultural outlook’s work system and agriculture-related data release system, and create an authoritative release window for agricultural production and marketing data.
(nineteen) innovation of service agriculture management system and mechanism.Monitor the development of rural collective economy and rural cooperative economy, establish and improve the list of demonstration family farms (forests), cooperative demonstration societies and key leading enterprises, and improve the comprehensive evaluation system of modern agricultural management methods. Strengthen the information management of rural collective capital assets and accelerate the construction of rural collective assets supervision database. Strengthen the statistical monitoring of farmers’ income, the transfer of rural land management rights, rural collective property rights transactions, farmers’ burden, the development of new agricultural business entities, strengthen the collection, storage and correlation analysis of relevant data, and strengthen the supervision of industrial and commercial capital leasing management of farmers’ contracted land. Establish a national database for the registration and certification of rural land contractual management rights, and connect it with the basic platform for real estate registration information management to promote data interconnection and sharing. Develop big data of agricultural reclamation economy, and strengthen data monitoring of agricultural reclamation land resources, agricultural production information, agricultural production socialization service and agricultural reclamation agricultural products quality and safety.
(twenty) to promote the sharing of agricultural science and technology innovation data resources.Integrate the data resources of agricultural science and education system, promote the sharing of agricultural scientific research data, and promote the joint and collaborative research of agricultural scientific research. Establish a national agricultural science and technology service cloud platform, accelerate the construction of national agricultural science and technology big data, gather the strength of all parties in the agricultural science and education system, and form a data sharing mechanism in the fields of agricultural science and technology innovation, achievement transformation, agricultural technology extension, and cultivation of new professional farmers. Build breeding big data, realize long-term observation and accumulation of crop phenotypic data and gene sequencing data, carry out big data association analysis, and accelerate the process of breeding excellent crop varieties.
(twenty-one) to meet the individual needs of farmers’ production and operation.Accelerate the work of information entering villages and households, and enhance the functions of data collection and information release at village stations. Establish and improve the comprehensive information service system for agriculture and rural areas, and improve12316User experience and service quality of the platform provide comprehensive, efficient and convenient agricultural and rural comprehensive information services for farmers’ production and life. Explore the commercial business model, encourage all kinds of operating agricultural information service organizations to develop based onAPPThe application of agricultural big data information service products improves farmers’ ability to use smart phones and provides farmers with accurate and personalized information services.
(twenty-two) to promote efficient and transparent agricultural management.Promote the open sharing of government data in the agricultural sector, strengthen the association analysis and integration of government data resources in the agricultural sector with agricultural sector data, social data and Internet data, and improve“Speak with data, manage with data, make decisions with data, and innovate with data to improve the scientificity, predictability and effectiveness of agricultural macro-control. Use big data to optimize the administrative examination and approval process, speed up the online examination and approval process, and improve the efficiency of administrative examination and approval. Strengthen and improve market supervision, build a big data supervision model, strengthen post-event supervision and services, and promote the accuracy of government governance.
V. Clear implementation schedule
(twenty-three) basically complete the sharing of data (2016—2018Year).Innovate the data resource sharing mechanism of the Ministry of Agriculture, accelerate the improvement of data indicators and standards, and take the lead in realizing the co-construction and sharing of data resources within the Ministry. Under the unified deployment of the State Council, we will promote the sharing and exchange of data with agriculture-related departments on the national sharing platform. Start the construction of global agricultural data survey and analysis system, carry out pilot projects by varieties and regions, and start the construction of consumption-oriented monitoring system for the whole industrial chain of pigs and corn; Explore the construction of big data in terms of yield prediction, supply and demand in major grain-producing counties and pig counties; Select a number of small varieties of products and carry out the pilot project of full sample data monitoring. Agricultural administrative departments at all levels shall carry out pilot demonstrations according to the advantageous industries and characteristic industries in the region.
(twenty-four) gradually realize the opening of government data sets to the society (2019—2020Year).Promote the opening of public data resources in the agricultural sector on the premise of ensuring safety. Complete the formulation of the data resource list and data opening plan of the agricultural sector, and promote the unified convergence and centralized opening of government data resources in the agricultural sector to all kinds of agricultural production and operation entities. The global agricultural data survey and analysis system will be basically established, and the functions and functions of the national agricultural data center will be strengthened. On this basis, the national agricultural big data center will be integrated and constructed. We will expand the pilot project of big data construction and increase the number of pilot varieties. The pilot scope will gradually cover vegetable counties, national modern agricultural demonstration zones and new agricultural production and management entities.
(twenty-five) to build a global agricultural data survey and analysis system (2021—2025Year).Build a national agricultural data cloud platform, establish a complete agricultural data monitoring system, a professional agricultural data analysis system, a unified agricultural data publishing system, and an effective agricultural information service system to form a "one picture" of agricultural and rural big data. On the basis of summarizing the pilot experience, the construction of agricultural and rural big data gradually covers major agricultural products, major producing areas and various agricultural production and operation entities, and promotes the transition of agricultural data monitoring statistics to full samples and full data. Realize the comprehensive integration of agricultural and rural big data and modern agriculture, make great progress in smart agriculture, and give full play to the role of big data as a new resource element of agricultural and rural economy.
Six, strengthen organizational leadership and security
(twenty-six) to implement the responsibilities of agricultural departments at all levels.Give full play to the leading role of the agricultural sector in the development of big data in agriculture and rural areas, and work with relevant departments to jointly promote the formation of a work pattern with clear responsibilities and coordinated promotion. The departments of the Ministry of Agriculture have their own responsibilities, and jointly with the centralized institutions, formulate implementation plans according to the division of labor, clarify responsibilities, and refine measures to ensure that tasks in various fields are put in place. All provincial agricultural departments should establish an overall coordination mechanism, formulate relevant policies and measures in light of their own reality, and intensify the implementation of work to ensure the smooth development of big data construction in agriculture and rural areas.
(twenty-seven) to promote the improvement of infrastructure.We will promote the improvement of the universal telecommunications service mechanism and accelerate the construction of rural information infrastructure and the popularization of broadband. Strengthen the hardware facilities of the existing information collection network and upgrade the facilities and equipment. In accordance with the principles of sharing, cooperation and division of labor, we will promote the establishment of perfect data acquisition channels and monitoring networks. Strengthen the basic operating environment of cloud computing, and improve the supporting ability of collecting and processing agricultural and rural big data through traditional methods and modern methods based on the Internet.
(twenty-eight) innovation investment and development mechanism.In accordance with the development needs of big data in agriculture and rural areas, on the basis of making full use of existing project funds, we will actively broaden the sources of funds and strengthen the guarantee of funds. Explore the market-oriented sustainable development mechanism and support the adoption of government-purchased services, government-enterprise cooperation (PPP) and other ways to actively regulate and guide social capital into the field of big data in agriculture and rural areas. Encourage market players and the public to carry out value-added, public welfare development and innovative application of agricultural and rural big data, guide and cultivate the agricultural and rural big data trading market, and provide a good environment for the development of agricultural big data enterprises.
(twenty-nine) to enhance the ability to support science and technology.On the basis of overall consideration of the existing layout and utilization of existing scientific and technological resources, we will strengthen the construction of agricultural and rural big data research and innovation bases and laboratories. Encourage scientific research forces to jointly tackle key problems, focusing on strengthening the research and development of key technologies in the fields of big data acquisition technology, massive data storage, data cleaning, data mining and analysis, data visualization, information security and privacy protection, and forming a safe and reliable big data technology system. Establish a multi-level and multi-type agricultural and rural big data talent training system, strengthen the training of vocational skills talents, and cultivate agricultural and rural big data technology and applied innovative talents.
(30) Improve the rules and regulations.Study and formulate rules and regulations on the openness, openness and protection of big data in agriculture and rural areas, realize the standardized management of the collection, transmission, storage, utilization, openness and sharing of agricultural and rural data resources, and promote the maximum open sharing of data under the principle of risk control. Promote the introduction of relevant laws and regulations, and strengthen the security protection of agricultural and rural big data basic information networks and important information systems.
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