With the successive winter in various places, respiratory diseases have entered the high-incidence season, and the trend of interweaving and overlapping of various respiratory diseases is more obvious. A few days ago, National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter in China, and put forward that we should adhere to the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases and pay close attention to the prevalence of mycoplasma pneumoniae, COVID-19 infection and influenza.
For ordinary families, while taking protective measures, how to avoid the misunderstanding of blind drug use and add an effective barrier to "prevention of multiple diseases"? Let’s get to know each other
"Holding the group" is coming!
A variety of respiratory diseases are intertwined, so it is necessary to do a good job in preventing multiple diseases.
With the cold weather after winter, sore throat, sore throat, cough, fever … all come to you, and the pediatric respiratory clinics in some hospitals are already overcrowded. In addition to common situations such as mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and influenza virus infection, it also includes superimposed infections of other respiratory pathogens.
At the press conference held in National Health Commission, experts said that every winter is the season of high incidence of respiratory infections. Common diseases such as mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory viruses, especially influenza viruses, are more active than summer and spring, which leads to a significant increase in infections. According to the real-time monitoring of influenza activities by China National Influenza Center, China has entered the influenza season this year. At present, influenza A is the main epidemic and influenza B is also prevalent.
In addition, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the common pathogens of respiratory tract infection. It is prevalent in autumn and winter in the north, but in summer and autumn in the south. Children are the high-risk population of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Mycoplasma pneumoniae itself is highly contagious and can be spread through respiratory droplets or close contact. In schools and kindergartens, the pathogen is easy to spread quickly. In the past three years, the infection rate of mycoplasma worldwide has been at a low level, and combined with the epidemic law of mycoplasma pneumoniae itself, it appears periodic epidemic every 3-7 years, so mycoplasma pneumonia in children has shown an epidemic trend this year.
With regard to the epidemic situation in COVID-19, experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention introduced at the press conference that since late August this year, the number of reported cases of Covid-19 infection in China has been declining for 10 consecutive weeks, and the positive rate of Covid-19 nucleic acid in fever clinics and sentinel hospitals all showed a continuous downward trend. It is reported that the global and China’s monitoring data show that the Covid-19 mutants popular in the world and China all belong to Omicron. The results of virus sequencing in the last week showed that all of them were sub-branches of XBB, and no mutant strains with obvious changes in biological characteristics were found.
Earlier, China CDC issued a reminder that China may face the risk of interaction or co-epidemic of influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases this winter and next spring. According to experts, mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, influenza A infection and Covid-19 infection are prone to overlap infection, as well as overlap infection among respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus, as well as with other pathogens. Among them, overlap infection of two viruses and virus and bacteria, mycoplasma and chlamydia are more common. Overlapping infection can be divided into two situations. One is synchronous overlapping infection, and some people are infected with the H1N1 virus and mycoplasma at the same time. Second, the infection has been superimposed. The patient was infected with the H1N1 virus first, and then infected with mycoplasma after a period of time.
Previously, due to the strict respiratory prevention and control measures adopted in COVID-19, acute respiratory diseases such as mycoplasma and virus infection decreased compared with other years. With the normalization of prevention and control, these diseases have returned to the pre-epidemic performance this year, and the incidence level has returned to normal. Therefore, compared with the previous three years, it seems that respiratory diseases have increased this year.
Experts said that in the high season of respiratory infectious diseases, people prone to superimposed infection mainly include people with low immunity, impaired immunity, chronic diseases, unhealthy work and rest, people who stay up late for a long time, and people who are often overtired. Some people were initially infected with a pathogen, and they were not treated in time, or they did not receive formal treatment. After delaying diagnosis and treatment, their condition worsened, and then superimposed infection appeared. Therefore, no matter what the fashion trend is, everyone should pay attention to it and do personal protection.
Experts remind:
Pathogens are complex and changeable, so don’t use antibiotics at will.
Recently, "Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection" has been frequently searched. Some parents of children give their children antibiotics such as azithromycin by themselves. At the press conference, experts made it clear that this practice is not desirable.
Experts reminded that it is the high season of respiratory diseases in children. Although mycoplasma pneumoniae infection accounts for a lot, on the whole, virus is still the most common pathogen of respiratory infections in children. Common viruses include adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and human metapneumovirus. Azithromycin is ineffective for these pathogen infections. In addition, children are young and their organ functions are not well developed, and drug abuse may cause adverse reactions in children. In addition, azithromycin is a prescription drug, which is the first choice for mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. It should be used under the guidance of a doctor or pharmacist, including appropriate dosage, appropriate course of treatment and correct route of administration. Children are not miniature versions of adults, so we should pay attention to their safety and effectiveness.
There are also some children who are infected with respiratory infectious diseases and have symptoms such as fever and cough. Some parents think that infusion is necessary to be thorough. Is this necessary?
According to this expert, some parents think that intravenous infusion is better than oral treatment, but there is no such conclusion. Treatment should be selected according to the patient’s condition. For example, severe children can choose intravenous infusion, while most children are mild and can be treated with oral drugs.
In addition, in view of the "lung washing" operation that parents are worried about, lung lavage has strict operating indications, and bronchoalveolar lavage is carried out through fiberoptic bronchoscope. According to experts, children with mycoplasma pneumonia are indeed treated with lung lavage this year. For example, children have atelectasis, local consolidation, and even very serious inflammatory reactions such as necrosis and sputum thrombosis. At this time, lung lavage under bronchoscope may be needed to make the airway unobstructed, and at the same time, the degree of lung lesions can be seen under the microscope. "Lung lavage" is an important treatment for children with severe mycoplasma pneumonia, but bronchoscopy is not routine for mild mycoplasma pneumonia. Experts also said that not all children infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae will develop pneumonia, the vast majority of infected people are mild, and only a few will develop into severe diseases. Generally, the prognosis is good, and there will be no sequelae.
There are tricks for prevention and control:
Give full play to the specialty of traditional Chinese medicine and build a barrier of "treating different diseases at the same time"
For ordinary families, Chinese medicine is a powerful protective barrier to deal with the overlapping of various respiratory diseases in winter and to do a good job in preventing multiple diseases.
Chinese medicine has always advocated prevention before illness, prevention of change after illness, and prevention of recovery after illness. In the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases, Chinese medicine has achieved early intervention, full use and comprehensive coverage. Integration plays a role in all stages of "prevention, treatment and rehabilitation". At the same time, the unique ideas of traditional Chinese medicine, such as syndrome differentiation and treatment, overall conditioning, strengthening the body resistance and eliminating evil, and multi-targeted play, also provide strong support for joint prevention and treatment of many diseases.
No matter the common cold, influenza, COVID-19 or mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, they all belong to the category of exogenous febrile diseases in Chinese medicine, so we can adopt the principle of "treating different diseases at the same time" and treat them with drugs according to the symptoms. For example, many families always have flowers to clear the plague.
The prescription of Lianhua Qingwen originated from the classic prescription of Chinese medicine for treating febrile diseases for more than 2,000 years. It has Yinqiao powder for dispersing exogenous pathogens and relieving exterior syndrome, which can improve symptoms such as fever and headache. Maxing Shigan decoction, which can dispel lung heat, can improve symptoms such as fever and cough; There is also rhubarb that can clear the fu-organs and expel heat and evil spirits, which can avoid further aggravation of the disease; In addition, Rhodiola sachalinensis is innovatively added, which can improve the immune function of human body. Modern research has found that it has good antipyretic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, broad-spectrum antiviral and immune-enhancing effects.
In addition, from the point of view of traditional Chinese medicine, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia belongs to the category of "lung heat cough" and "wind temperature invading the lung", etc. The main disease is that the lung is delicate and pathogenic wind attacks the lung, and it is confined to the lung, so its treatment should be mainly to clear the lung, relieve asthma, pungent and cool the lung, and relieve exterior and interior. In February this year, the National Health and Wellness Commission issued the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children (2023 Edition)", which mentioned that the diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumonia can be based on the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, combined with traditional Chinese medicine under routine treatment to shorten the course of disease and reduce the risk. Clinical studies have shown that the addition of Lianhua Qingwen on the basis of routine treatment can shorten the hospitalization time by 3.5 days, reduce the fever time by 2.5 days, shorten the cough disappearance time by 3.7 days and shorten the shortness of breath time by 1 day, reduce the serum inflammatory factor level of children and improve their lung function.
Basic research shows that Lianhua Qingwen has inhibitory effects on parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus and other viruses that cause common cold. It can inhibit influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2, etc.), influenza B virus and other influenza viruses. It can also significantly inhibit Covid-19 activity. In the nearly 20 years since its listing, Lianhua Qingwen has been included in the consensus of diagnosis and treatment plans or guidelines for infectious public health events such as H1N1, H1N1 and COVID-19 issued by National Health Commission and state administration of traditional chinese medicine for 34 times. Its effectiveness and safety have been proved by many parties, and it is more reassuring to use it. For children, it is recommended to consult a doctor or pharmacist.
In short, it is very necessary to do a good job of "multi-disease prevention" in response to the winter respiratory infectious diseases. In addition to developing good hygiene habits, self-health monitoring and maintaining environmental hygiene, there are always therapeutic drugs such as Lianhua Qingwen at home. Once the relevant symptoms appear, timely symptomatic medication under the guidance of doctors can alleviate the condition, so that it is no longer a problem to prevent a variety of common infectious diseases.
关于作者