作者归档 admin

Since 1998, Professor Wang Jiansheng from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University has been giving health lectures and free clinics at the grassroots level with the team. No fewer than 100,000 pairs of breasts have been palpated by Dr. Wang Jiansheng.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in China. More and more people begin to pay attention to breast cancer screening, just to find breast cancer early.

After checking 100,000 breasts, Dr. Wang Jiansheng has this health advice:

Healthy breasts are like steamed buns.

Good breasts are like steamed steamed buns, which can be pressed to the end at once on the chopping block. If there is anything in the middle, it is abnormal, such as mung beans, corn-stuffed Doo, jujube, eggs …

The texture of the breast is also very important: "soft" means the feeling of pressing your fingers to your lips, and pressing your nose is called medium hardness. If you press your forehead, this feeling is hard.

There are four common breast diseases.

There are four common diseases of breast, mainly hyperplasia, fibroma, mastitis and breast cancer.

1 Breast hyperplasia: the most common

The most common is mammary gland hyperplasia, and 70%-80% of women have mammary gland hyperplasia in different degrees. Breast hyperplasia is not as terrible as everyone thinks. It is important to keep a good mood.

Young people’s slight breast pain can generally be ignored. If it really hurts badly, you can take some Chinese patent medicines under the guidance of a doctor to relieve it.

Breast fibroma: It is more common in young women aged 20-30.

If you feel a pimple in your breast and still run around, you should worry about whether it is breast fibroadenoma. This is the most common benign breast tumor, which is related to endocrine hormone imbalance.

Due to the increase of estrogen during pregnancy, this pimple will become bigger. Although it does not affect breastfeeding, it is still recommended to deal with it. Although the chance of malignant transformation of breast fibroadenoma is very small, once it is formed, it is difficult to solve the problem simply by relying on drugs, and it will never disappear on its own. Surgery is the only effective way. It is suggested that patients with tumors over 1.5 cm should be surgically removed.

3 Mastitis: Be vigilant during lactation.

Inflammation of mammary gland is generally manifested as redness, swelling and heat pain. Breast of lactating women is full of milk, and there are some bacteria on the body surface. If the nipple is bitten by a child, it is even more necessary to be vigilant against this disease.

4 Breast cancer: Pay more attention after 30 years old.

For breast cancer, it is late if there are orange peel-like changes and obvious lumps in the armpits.

Therefore, regular physical examination is very important, and we should also pay attention to the changes of breasts in time. When we find that there is a different texture and appearance, we should see a doctor in time, and we should not avoid medical treatment.

Four tricks to make you have healthy breasts

1 keep a good mood

Women’s breast health is closely related to their mood. Long-term tension and depression will lead to benign diseases such as breast pain, lump and hyperplasia of mammary glands. This is because when you are in a bad mood or nervous, it will affect the secretion and metabolism of endocrine hormones through the role of hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland axis, and imbalance will be caused.

2 Reduce the high-fat diet

According to the results of "Clinical Trial of Breast Cancer Transformation" published at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), the risk of women dying from invasive breast cancer on a low-fat diet is reduced by about 8 years, and the survival rate is also improved.

Therefore, eating foods with high fat and high calorie as little as possible and eating more Chinese cabbage, corn, bean products, kelp, yogurt and fruits is of great benefit to preventing breast diseases.

3 Wear a suitable bra

A bra can support and protect the chest, but you should also choose a comfortable bra. Some women like to choose a bra that can squeeze out a "deep V", but this will inevitably cause oppression and restraint on the breast, hinder lymphatic reflux and venous blood return in the breast, and lead to slow metabolism.

It is recommended that you wear a bra for no more than 8 hours. After 50 years old, you should choose less bras with steel brackets or fiber texture to prevent breast diseases from providing a hotbed.

4 high-risk groups do physical examination

Family history of breast cancer, age of menarche less than 12 years old, short menstrual cycle, unmarried, married too late and short marriage duration have certain risk factors. It is suggested that women in high-risk groups over 40 years old should have molybdenum target examination for 1 to 2 years to screen breast diseases; Women under the age of 40 can have a check-up every two years.

What are the symptoms of early breast cancer?

Early breast cancer generally has no symptoms and no feelings. Even many patients, their masses are not very clear. When the mass is less than 1 cm, it may not be touched, not only the patient can’t touch it himself, but some doctors may not feel it if they touch it. Some patients may have vague pain, but it is not obvious. If you are over 40 years old, you should be alert and go to the hospital for some imaging examinations.

These situations need to be vigilant.

1, the size and shape of the breast changes.

Is family inheritance an important pathogenic factor of breast cancer?

Generally speaking, the causes of breast cancer are not very clear, and there are even some controversies. Now it is clear that family factors have a certain influence, but not all breast cancers are familial, and most of them are sporadic.

Women’s ovaries secrete more estrogen, or the imbalance between estrogen and other hormones is an important cause of breast cancer. For example, women have early menarche, late menopause, or are barren, or are obese after menopause. At this time, the estrogen secreted by the ovaries is less, and other hormones may turn into estrogen, which may lead to an increase in the incidence of breast cancer. In a word, breast cancer is the result of long-term effects of many factors.

At what age do you start breast cancer screening?

This should be divided into ordinary people and high-risk groups.

1 Screening suggestions for the general population

For the general population, the old guide suggests:

Since the age of 20, I have been to the hospital for a doctor to check my breast once every three years (clinical breast examination); Since the age of 40, molybdenum target and clinical breast examination have been performed once a year.

About how old to start screening and check once every few years, it requires a difficult trade-off.

Scientists found by comparing different screening strategies:

Compared with screening at the age of 50, screening at the age of 40 can reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer by 3%, but it will consume more medical resources and bear more false positive risks (it is not breast cancer, but it is mistakenly suspected of breast cancer).

Therefore, the new guidelines cancel the clinical breast examination starting at the age of 20 and set the screening start time at the age of 40.

The breakdown is as follows:

40 ~ 44 years old, according to personal wishes, after fully understanding the advantages and disadvantages, I choose to check the molybdenum target once a year; 45 ~ 54 years old, every woman makes molybdenum target once a year; Over 55 years old, every woman should make molybdenum targets once every two years, or continue to make molybdenum targets once a year based on personal wishes; The annual screening will not end until the life expectancy is less than 10 years or the health does not allow it.

2 Screening suggestions for high-risk groups

For high-risk groups, it is recommended to check the MRI once a year. There is no difference between the old and new guidelines.

Who are the high-risk groups for breast cancer?

1. After professional risk calculation, the possibility of breast cancer is greater than 20%;

2. Gene detection found mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene;

3. There are BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations in parents, children and siblings;

4. During the period of 10 ~ 30 years old, he had done chest radiotherapy;

5. Suffering from Li-Fraumeni syndrome, multiple hamartoma syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, or having these diseases in parents, children, brothers and sisters.

Need to be reminded that whether it is high-risk, you need to consult a doctor and conduct a professional examination before you can determine it.

For high-risk groups:

No matter how old you are, you have an MRI once a year.

Examination method of breast cancer 　 　

　 1 physical examination 　 　　

Touching by hand, as people say, is medically called clinical palpation or physical examination, which is an important examination method. This method is generally used by specialist clinicians, and the tumor is more than 1-2 cm, and the location is relatively superficial and easy to touch. If this lump is relatively small, long and deep, buried in the glands of the breast, and the female breast is relatively large, sometimes it can’t be touched, so it can only be checked by instruments. 　 　

　 Mammary molybdenum target examination 　 　 　 　

　Mammary molybdenum target is a common saying, and the standard saying is mammography, which is the most common method to detect breast cancer. Many large-scale research and screening have been done in the west, and regular molybdenum target examination in some specific populations can reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer. Because the mammary glands of oriental women are relatively small, the glands are relatively dense, and there are relatively few fat components in the glands, it may not be suitable for some people to use molybdenum targets only. In China, women are generally recommended to have this examination after 40 years old. If there are high-risk factors, it is ok to be over 35 years old. Generally, it is done once every two years from 40 to 50 years old and once a year from 50 to 60 years old, but the time interval should not be too short, at least for more than one year. If the time is short, the X-ray itself will have some influence on the body, and doing too much is potentially harmful. 　 　 　 　

　 3 Ultrasonic examination 　 　 　 　 　 　　

The breast glands of young patients are dense, and sometimes X-rays are not easy to penetrate. Ultrasound can give full play to its advantages, especially for some liquid cysts. Sometimes X-rays may not be clear, but ultrasound can. Whether the results of ultrasonic examination are accurate or not is closely related to the quality of the machine itself and the level of experience of the ultrasonic doctor. In addition, it is better to make an X-ray supplementary examination on the basis of ultrasound examination for older patients. 　 　 　 　 　　

　 4 Breast Catheter Endoscope 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

　Breast ductoscopy is usually called ductoscopy. Generally, there are 15-20 openings in the nipple of women. If there is a lesion in one of them, nipple discharge may occur. After the liquid in it is sucked clean through the galactophore, the lesion can be observed directly. It is mainly suitable for tumors with a relatively small diameter, about one or two millimeters. The lesions can be detected by this, and the mammary duct can be cut off by some methods to achieve the purpose of treatment. 　 　 　　

　 -THE END-

Source: The copyright of Health Times belongs to the original, please contact the original source for reprinting.

　　On Monday (April 1st) EST, the ISM manufacturing index in March released by the United States unexpectedly rose to 50.3, and entered the expansion range for the first time since September 2022, which suppressed the Fed’s expectation of interest rate cut. The probability of interest rate cut in June was less than 50%, and the yield of US bonds rose, which suppressed the market performance. US stocks once turned down across the board and eventually closed mixed.

　　At the close, the S&P 500 index fell 0.20% to 5243.77 points; The Dow Jones index fell 0.60% to 39,566.85 points; The Nasdaq index rose 0.11% to 16,396.83.

　　As for the yield of US bonds, stimulated by the unexpected expansion of ISM manufacturing industry, the yield of US bonds soared, and the yield of 10-year US bonds rushed above 4.3% to close at 4.33%. The yield of 2-year US bonds, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, closed at 4.72%.

　　At present, the market still has illusions about the first decline in the first half of the year, and the unexpected rise in the ISM manufacturing index has hit investor sentiment. Bank of America analysts said that the ISM report confirmed last week’s statement that the resilience of the US economy kept the Fed patient. For the bond market, this means that interest rates will remain at a high level for a longer period of time.

　　This is consistent with Powell’s reaffirmation last Friday that he is not in a hurry to cut interest rates. Oppenheimer analysts pointed out that the Fed has repeatedly postponed the expectation of interest rate cuts, which disappointed investors.

　　In terms of important news, the recent performance of gold can be described as soaring. Although the expectation of interest rate cuts was suppressed overnight, the price of gold still hit a record high. Joseph Cavatoni, market strategist of the World Gold Council, said: "I think this is a very exciting moment for gold. I believe that what really drives this trend is that many market speculators are indeed full of confidence and comfort in the Fed’s interest rate cut. "

　　On the AI side, OpenAI announced that it will allow users to use ChatGPT directly without registering the service, which will make it easier for people to experience the potential of artificial intelligence. OpenAI allows over 100 million users in 185 countries and regions to use ChatGPT to learn new things, find creative inspiration and get answers to questions.

　　Recently, the rim has been extremely hot, which has once again set off a wave of price cuts. This time, the "initiator" is not Tesla, but Xiaomi. Weilai, Chery, Wenjie and Tucki launched different preferential policies on the same day. Interestingly, Jia Yueting, the head of FF, a new car-making force far across the ocean, has a good opinion on Xiaomi.

　　On April 1st, Jia Yueting issued a document saying: The first release of Xiaomi Automobile was very successful, which reflected the maturity of China’s new energy automobile industry chain in recent years and the great advantage of China’s manufacturing cost performance. The execution and marketing ability of Xiaomi’s car-making is worthy of praise, but the cottage culture, shortcut mode and follower thinking are regarded as the standard by many people, which is worrying.

　　Since July 4, 2017, Jia Yueting boarded a flight to the United States and left a sentence "Return to China next week". He has been stranded in the United States for nearly seven years.

　　[Hot stocks]

　　Among the popular US stocks, Google closed up nearly 3%, reaching a record high, Microsoft rose 0.92%, NVIDIA rose 0.01%, Amazon rose 0.33%, Tesla fell 0.32%, Apple fell 0.85%, Meta rose 1.19%, AMD rose 1.58%, Arm Holdings rose 1.54%, and Nye soared 1.15%.

　　[global index]

　　European stocks closed

　　[China Stock Market]

　　Nasdaq China Jinlong Index rose 1.91%. In terms of popular Chinese stocks, Pinduoduo rose 2.50%, TSMC rose 3.95%, Weilai rose 3.33%, Xpeng Motors rose 1.11%, Alibaba rose 1.40%, Baidu rose 3.00% and Netease fell 4.60%.

　　[foreign exchange commodities]

　　The US dollar index once rushed above the 105 mark in intraday trading, hitting a new high in nearly four months.

　　New york gold closed 0.61% higher at $2,250.2 an ounce.

　　Due to the prospect of tightening the supply of crude oil in Mexico and the risk of expanding the Middle East conflict caused by Israel’s attack on Syria, oil prices have hit a new high in the near future. WTI crude oil continued to hit a new high since October last year, and finally closed up 1.09% to US$ 84.08/barrel; Brent crude oil closed up 0.93% to 87.8 yuan/barrel.

　　[Highlights]

　　In March, the unexpected expansion of ISM manufacturing industry in the United States ended, and prices continued to shrink for 16 months, with new orders and production rising.

　　The US ISM manufacturing index rose to 50.3 in March, entering the expansion range for the first time since September 2022. Sub-indices such as prices, new orders and production have risen in succession. After the data was released, the market expected that the possibility of the Fed’s interest rate cut in June was less than 50%. The US debt plummeted and the US stock index fell.

　　Xiaomi shock wave: a new wave of price cuts by car companies staged

　　Wei Lai, Chery, Wen Jie and Tucki made moves on the same day. In 2024, Tucki G9 enjoys the subsidy for smart driving, and the current car is reduced to a maximum of 20,000 yuan within a limited time. Weilai launched a subsidy of up to 1 billion yuan for oil vehicle replacement, which is applicable to Weilai 2024 models. The equity of the new M7 model was adjusted, with a straight drop of 20,000 yuan. From April 1st, Chery’s policy of 10 billion yuan subsidy replacement season was renewed, and the purchase tax for designated vehicles in a limited time was free, and there were even discounts such as old cars up to 30,000 yuan and large car purchase coupons of 49,999 yuan.

　　Jia Yueting comments on Xiaomi

　　On April 1st, Jia Yueting issued a document saying: The first release of Xiaomi Automobile was very successful, which reflected the maturity of China’s new energy automobile industry chain in recent years and the great advantage of China’s manufacturing cost performance. The execution and marketing ability of Xiaomi’s car-making is worthy of praise, but the cottage culture, shortcut mode and follower thinking are regarded as the standard by many people, which is worrying.

　　He believes that values determine the ceiling, and benchmarking, plagiarism and shallow innovation cannot bring about fundamental technological changes and basic technological transcendence.

　　Research Institute: Tesla or the loss of potential car buyers in the United States under the influence of Musk’s remarks

　　According to a survey by market intelligence company Caliber, the number of potential buyers of Tesla Motors in the United States is decreasing, and the survey results partly blame the controversial image of Tesla CEO Elon Musk. Tesla will announce its production and delivery in the first quarter of this year as soon as this Tuesday (April 2). At present, the delivery volume is still on the rising track, but there may be obvious signs of slowing down. There are also pessimistic industry analysts who predict that the delivery volume may decline year-on-year.

　　Amazon is training the big model "Olympus" to surpass Claude in the middle of the year.

　　Amazon recently completed the second round of investment in the AI company Anthropic, with a total investment of 4 billion US dollars; At the same time, the company’s own AGI team is actively training its flagship AI model "Olympus", directly targeting Claude of Anthropic. It is reported that Olympus, with hundreds of billions of parameters, is led by senior vice president Rohit Prasad and is expected to surpass Claude in the middle of this year.

　　OpenAI, let go of the restrictions Users can use ChatGPT without registering.

　　On Monday (April 1st) local time, the artificial intelligence (AI) company OpenAI announced that it would allow users to use ChatGPT directly without registering the service, which would make it easier for people to experience the potential of artificial intelligence.

　　Goldman Sachs: AI will have a profound impact on global economic growth.

　　At present, about two-thirds of jobs in the United States are threatened by AI automation to some extent, and generative AI is likely to replace a quarter of jobs. Globally, generative AI may make 300 million full-time jobs face "automation".

　　Mexico plans to cut oil exports.

　　According to sources, Pemex, a Mexican state-owned oil company, canceled the contract to supply its flagship product Maya crude oil to refineries in the United States, Europe and Asia (the scale is unknown). At a time when OPEC and its allies have begun to cut production, this cut may push up the oil price at a five-month high. According to sources, Pemex suspended exports in order to produce more domestic gasoline and diesel before the presidential election on June 2. The above-mentioned person said that the shutdown mainly affected the export of Maya crude oil, while the transportation volume of other grades of crude oil will continue to decrease. In 2021 and 2023, Pemex had to shelve its plan to stop oil exports because it failed to increase domestic fuel production.

　　[financial calendar]

Busy planting: spring competes for the sun and summer competes for the time.

Solution: at 7: 58 on June 6, 2015, Mangzhong. The awn seed is the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms and the third in summer. On June 6 or 7 every year, the sun reaches 75°C of the Yellow Meridian.

The literal meaning of awn seed is "wheat with awn can be harvested quickly, and rice with awn can be planted", so "awn seed" is also called "busy planting", which is a typical solar term reflecting agricultural phenology. At this time, agricultural production in most parts of China is in the busy season of "summer harvest, summer sowing and summer management".

At the end of May, the Central Plains was golden. Now, with the popularization of agricultural mechanization, the timeliness of summer harvest has been greatly improved. The picture shows that farmers in Kaifeng, Henan Province are seizing the time to grab the wheat. Hongyu Liu photography.

The three stages of mango are: the first stage of mantis birth; Second, the cuckoo begins to sound; Three waiting for the tongue to be silent. Mantis eggs break their shells and give birth to little mantis because they feel Yin qi being born; Shrike began to sing in the branches, but mocking bird, who could learn from other birds’ songs, felt Yin qi and stopped singing.

The mango seed rains and the dragon boat festival rises.

The family is less idle, and the people are twice as busy in May.

Health-preserving, refreshing, calming and nourishing

Sun Simiao, a famous doctor, said that "it is always appropriate to light sweet and light things, big wheat koji and japonica rice are better" and it is the most appropriate to use it in the solar terms of awn seeds. After the awn seed, the hot summer officially kicked off, and the diet should be based on light and damp food. You can eat more "melon" foods appropriately to achieve the effects of light summer heat, heat and detoxification. In addition, we should pay special attention to the supplement of water, so that the body is in a balanced state and prevent diseases before they happen.

Luffa is rich in a variety of amino acids, vitamins and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron needed by the human body. It also contains active ingredients such as saponin and cucurbitacin for disease prevention and health care. Eating more Luffa in the ear season will help to remove summer heat, clear the heart and stimulate the spleen. Image source: Network

Because of the hot weather, people should pay attention to replenish water to keep the body in a balanced state. On the other hand, due to the increase of air humidity, patients with arthritis should pay special attention to dehumidification, while patients with spleen and stomach deficiency should reduce acid and increase bitterness in diet and regulate stomach qi.

In order to avoid heatstroke, it is necessary to take a bath often after the awn seeds, which can make the skin loose and the "yang fever" easy to vent. However, it is important to note that you should not take a bath immediately when sweating. "Sweating will not make you wet." If sweating will make you wet, it will easily breed acne.

(Editor: Zhao Tianyu)