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Stop messing with the children. These are all raised pits.

　　During the half year of staying at home, have you tried your best for your child’s growth? Bone soup, growth hormone, nutritional supplement, stretching exercise … … Anyone who hears a folk prescription that can be shot up will give it to his own baby to try. However, are these so-called height-increasing tips really helpful for growing taller? Today, let’s take a look at the rumors of the height that are all the rage, and see if you have encountered the following "pits".

　　Rumor, drinking more bone soup can make you taller.

　　Bone is indeed rich in calcium, but it has little to do with calcium supplementation.

　　First of all, calcium in bones is difficult for human body to absorb; Secondly, no matter how long the bones are stewed, the calcium is difficult to dissolve into the soup. We see that the thick white soup is actually mostly fat. Therefore, drinking bone soup for a long time can not only supplement calcium, but also lead to the risk of obesity.

　　Compare the calcium content of bone soup and milk — — Bone soup: 2 mg/100 ml; Milk: 104mg/100ml.

　　The calcium content of milk is far greater than that of bone soup, so it is not as practical as drinking milk to supplement calcium for children and drink bone soup.

　　Rumours: Milk can grow taller when drunk in water.

　　The latest Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016) should drink 1,500-1,700 ml of water every day.

　　Protein and fat in milk are about 3%, sugar content is about 5% and calcium content is about 1%. If you drink milk according to this amount, the supply of calcium will be excessive, and the fat and energy will be much higher. Even if you drink half the milk you drink every day — — 800 ml, intake of fat and energy.

　　In addition, drinking milk as water will lead to excessive intake of protein in the body. Too much protein supply, the human body can’t "take it all", but the absorption rate will drop.

　　The daily consumption of milk should not exceed 500ml. Moreover, drinks such as fruit juice, carbonated drinks, functional drinks, AD calcium milk and other milk drinks should not be drunk, let alone used as daily water.

　　Rumours that Tianqi soup can grow taller.

　　In recent years, "Tianqi" has been sought after by many health people, and the fact that Tianqi can help children grow taller has become a concern of parents. At present, there is no scientific evidence to prove that the folk remedies of "Tianqi stewed chicken, Tianqi stewed ribs and Haima stewed Tianqi" can be safely and effectively increased. Moreover, these traditional Chinese medicines and tonics may have the risk of accelerating the closure of the epiphyseal line, which will lead to lifelong high damage and even endocrine diseases such as precocious puberty!

　　At the same time, herbal tea with Chinese herbal medicines is not suitable for children to drink more and often. Some nutrients fortified in packaged foods, such as milk and yogurt fortified with vitamin ad and calcium, and beverages fortified with vitamin C, iron and zinc, such as electrolyte drinks such as red bull, candy, bread, eggs, etc., should also look at the content when choosing, and calculate the need, otherwise it will go too far.

　　In addition, there are adult-formulated health care products such as pollen and royal jelly, which are also very risky for children to eat.

　　There was a five-year-old girl who ate pollen and royal jelly for several months in a row. Instead of growing taller, her breasts began to increase and her bone age reached nine years old. Children with precocious puberty will not be "superior", but will lead to early healing of epiphyses, and eventually lose the space for growing up and become "dwarfs".

　　Blame rumors and eat growth factors to grow taller.

　　Malnutrition does affect height, but the nutrients that are very easy to get in natural foods really don’t need to be supplemented with supplements. When you get some nutrition through natural food, you can also get many other nutrients that can promote growth. In recent years, various growth factors with lysine as the main component have become new nutritional supplements. It is said that eating it can promote healthy growth, calcium absorption, appetite and so on.

　　Lysine is an essential amino acid for human body. Like other amino acids, it can be obtained through daily diet. The statement that manufacturers sell lysine supplements is nothing more than that the lysine content in grains is very low, which can not meet the needs of human body.

　　We Asians do lack lysine in our traditional staple food rice, but there are many other foods rich in lysine to choose from, such as lean beef, pork, chicken, fish, shrimp, nuts, eggs, beans and legumes.

　　Instead of blindly buying expensive nutritional supplements, it is better to think of ways to give children these foods mentioned above.

　　Dispelling rumors and eating nutritional supplements are beneficial to development.

　　It is unnecessary for most parents to give their children supplements, such as vitamin C, calcium, zinc, etc., which are very easy to get from food. If the child’s long-term uneven diet has caused a serious lack of certain nutrients and caused diseases such as anemia and vitamin D deficiency rickets, it must be supplemented according to the doctor’s advice. Other conditions, including mild nutritional deficiency, can be supplemented by dietary adjustment, and should also be supplemented by dietary adjustment.

　　Slight nutritional deficiency can be slowly improved by dietary adjustment. For children themselves, life has not passed for a few years, and it is easy to improve through diet adjustment without the conditions of "long-term" lack.

　　Short-term and slight nutritional deficiency will not cause any problems. On the contrary, it may be because of parents’ efforts to develop good eating habits for their children and form a balanced diet structure, so that children can benefit for life.

　　Dietary supplement is the safest and most effective method.

　　Myth: Stretching and draping can grow taller.

　　For patients with hunchback and scoliosis, spinal traction can also help restore a certain height.

　　See it clearly? Recover!

　　To put it simply, after stretching exercise for a period of time, the interosseous tissue returns to a better thickness, and the measured height value will increase a little. However, such stretching is not the height of the child’s own long bone growth. If it is not stretched properly, it will easily cause muscle damage to the child.

　　I would like to remind everyone here that reasonable exercise is conducive to balancing the growth of bones and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the whole body, and promoting the physical development of children. Pay attention to the exercise that can make the bone bear pressure, which is the best stimulus to promote bone growth.

　　I recommend the following sports:

　　● Including skipping rope and running, which is beneficial to the movement of limbs;

　　● Sit-ups, gymnastics and other sports that contribute to bone growth;

　　● Volleyball, badminton, swimming and other comprehensive sports all contribute to the growth and extension of the whole body bones.

　　However, it is particularly important to emphasize that we must stretch well to avoid the damage of joint ligaments. If children want to really grow up healthily, it is a better choice to exercise continuously for at least 4 to 5 days and ask for 30 to 45 minutes at a time. In addition, let children choose sports according to their age and interests, and carry out physical exercise under the premise of safety, which must be gradual. Text/Pan Hui (Peking Union Medical College Hospital)

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How are big and sweet cherries cultivated？

　　The time has just entered the end of March, and some cherries in the cherry breeding nursery of the modern agricultural research and development base of Sichuan Agricultural University have turned from green to red, and the color is as crystal clear as ruby, which is much larger than the cherries we remember. At this time, there are no traces of cherries in the market. How can such a big, sweet and early-maturing cherry be cultivated?

　　"This is our early-maturing strain, which was bred by crossing local cherry germplasm with early-maturing characteristics, and matured more than 10 days earlier than the cherries on the market." Wang Xiaorong, a professor at the College of Horticulture of Sichuan Agricultural University, said.

　　China cherry originated in China and has been cultivated for more than 3,000 years, but it is small in size, thin in peel, not resistant to storage and transportation, and short in picking time.

　　In order to make cherries bigger and sweeter, the fruit germplasm innovation and genetic improvement team of Sichuan Agricultural University began to collect, research and cross-breed cherry germplasm resources in China more than 10 years ago. The team traveled to 106 townships in 70 counties (cities) in 12 provinces and cities in China, collected nearly 1,000 cherry cultivated germplasm and wild resources in China, and established a field resource gene bank representing the genetic diversity of cherries. According to the development and consumption demand of cherry industry, hybrid breeding was carried out with early maturity, big fruit, sweet taste, rich flavor and storage and transportation resistance as the main breeding objectives. Professor Wang Xiaorong, who is in charge of cherry research and breeding in China, told the reporter that at present, the team has bred more than 70 excellent hybrid strains, of which 10 strains with the most potential have been tested and demonstrated in Tianfu New District, Xinjin, Hanyuan, Miyi, Xichang and Nanchong.

　　Searching for seeds

　　Travel to 106 townships in 12 provinces and cities.

　　Collect and evaluate nearly a thousand cherry resources.

　　To do cherry breeding, we need to have rich cherry germplasm resources. Where do the cherry germplasm resources in China come from?

　　A few days ago, the reporter walked into the cherry resource nursery in China, where the team has worked hard for more than 10 years. I saw different numbers hanging on each cherry tree in the facility shed: BJ, LY, PD, ZZ…… … These numbers respectively represent the geographical sources of cherry germplasm: Bijie, Guizhou, Linyi, Shandong, Puding, Yunnan, Zhengzhou, Henan … For more than 10 years, the team members have paid attention to 70 counties (cities) in 12 provinces and cities focusing on southwest China.

　　"At first we were short of funds, and the process of resource investigation and collection was very difficult." Wang Xiaorong recalled that it was common to take a hard seat on the train for dozens of hours to go to the destination. It was even more important to go deep into the wild and wade through the mountains. When the luck was bad, hail and mudslides were encountered, and sometimes I had to spend the night in the wild.

　　At the beginning of field investigation, express delivery was inconvenient. Specimens, fruits and seeds collected by teachers and students, plus desiccant, a backpack weighs more than 40 kilograms, and everyone has to carry it all the time until it is carried back to school. Later, in 2013, the express delivery industry developed, and the specimens and samples collected by teachers and students could be sent back first, which made everyone relaxed a lot.

　　Through the identification and collation of nearly 1000 resources, the team screened out the core germplasm of cherry and established a field resource garden representing the genetic diversity of cherry in China, which laid a solid foundation for the selection of excellent parents for cherry cross breeding.

　　breed

　　Busy as a war when pollinating.

　　Observe in the field every day and wait for the right time.

　　During this period, cherries began to be colored, and team members went to the base every day to observe and record the growth, development and morphological characteristics of each cherry.

　　"Look, this is the excellent single plant we have cultivated. The fruit can generally reach 4-6 grams, and the sweetness is above 15%, while the average China cherry on the market is only 2-3 grams." Wang Xiaorong said, "It’s not a bad time. We just need to observe and record in the field every day to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer. The busiest time is when pollinating cherry flowers. At that time, it was as busy as a war. "

　　Generally speaking, before and after the Lunar New Year, cherry blossoms can’t wait to open. "China cherries are self-compatible, and each flower has both pistils and stamens. If we want to hybridize, we have to race against time to help them castrate and pollinate before they finish pollination and fertilization. Every year, we are left with less than a week. " Wang Xiaorong explained.

　　Every time the cherry blossoms are in bloom, the team members will stay in the nursery every day. "At that time, the strings in my mind collapsed at any time, and I saw the buds on the trees. We observed them in the field every day and waited for the right pollination time. Seeing that the sun has been shining for several days, the buds are growing day by day, and everyone will act as soon as the time comes! "

　　Everyone cut off the flower branches used as male parents and brought them back to the laboratory. At room temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, after the bell flowers opened slightly, the pollen on the stamens was collected, put into small glass bottles and stored in a refrigerator at 4 degrees Celsius.

　　Two days later, the massive pollination work officially began. At dawn, team members came to the base to start pollination. Every pollination needs to go through such a process: first, remove all the stamens of a flower, leaving only the stigma, then use a brush or cotton swab to paint the flowers collected in advance in the glass bottle on the stigma, and then put on a bag to prevent it from being affected by external pollen.

　　How many flowers are there in a cherry tree? Hundreds, even thousands. This means that the same action will be repeated hundreds or thousands of times just to pollinate a tree. Dozens of people participate in cross pollination every year, but this is only the beginning of breeding. If you are lucky, you can receive the hybrid seeds, and then carry out "embryo rescue" in the laboratory, and cultivate the seedlings in the light incubator. After the seedlings undergo hardening and strengthening, they can be transplanted to the field breeding nursery. After 3-4 years of careful care and cultivation, cherry hybrid seedlings began to blossom and set fruit, and then excellent individual plants could be screened according to breeding objectives and field observation data.

　　Since the start of cherry cross breeding in 2011, the team has experienced several failures: hybrid seeds "embryo abortion" and hybrid seedlings died … but they still persisted in the end and finally succeeded in crossing, and obtained several cross combinations and nearly 3,000 hybrid populations. Nowadays, the hybrid population has entered the stage of stable flowering and fruiting.

　　superiority

　　Breeding early-maturing and late-maturing strains

　　The time for viewing flowers and fruits can be extended by 15 days each.

　　Cherry has the reputation of "the first branch of spring fruit", which blooms the earliest, has beautiful fragrance and crystal clear fruit, and can be enjoyed by both flowers and fruits. It is a characteristic fruit tree that is very suitable for developing "one-three integration" and rural tourism.

　　Some excellent hybrid lines selected by the cherry breeding team of Sichuan Agricultural University have been tested and demonstrated in Tianfu New District, Xinjin, Miyi, Hanyuan, Xichang and Nanchong. The team has bred 3,000 excellent strains this year, and plans to breed 12,000 strains next year to prepare for large-scale experiments and demonstrations.

　　"China cherry blossoms early, but thanks quickly, and the fruit has not been on the market for more than a month. Through our cross breeding, early-maturing and late-maturing strains were selected. If a grower plants early-maturing and late-maturing strains at the same time, then on the whole, the time for enjoying flowers and tasting fruits can be extended by more than 15 days respectively. " Wang Xiaorong said, "This will bring greater commercial value to the cherry industry."

　　In Xiaoyan Village, Taiping Street, Tianfu New District, a "Dr. Cherry Workstation" jointly built by Tianfu New District and Sichuan Agricultural University has been established. At present, this demonstration site is installing water and fertilizer integration facilities, which will serve as a display window for new cherry varieties, new technologies and new models, and help the development of cherry industry and the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents in Tianfu New District.

　　Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the special program of Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Research Team, the research and breeding team of Sichuan Agricultural University Cherry has adopted genomics, molecular biology and molecular genetics to carry out the work of gene mining and utilization of excellent cherry traits, which will further provide theoretical and technical support for the improvement of cherry germplasm and the cultivation of cherry varieties with excellent comprehensive characteristics in China, and promote China’s cherry breeding to enter an efficient breeding fast lane combining molecular-assisted breeding with conventional cross breeding, based on Sichuan facing the whole country and starting from germplasm innovation.

　　Reporter’s notes

　　They are "dream catchers" of cherry breeding in China.

　　For China cherry, due to the late start of domestic breeding research, there are still few excellent commercial varieties. However, Wang Xiaorong said that the characteristics of China cherry, such as wide adaptability, stress resistance, early flowering and early maturity, can’t be replaced by European sweet cherry. By selecting excellent parents to carry out long-term cross breeding and cultivating new varieties of China cherry with excellent comprehensive properties, it can not only improve the attractiveness of China cherry to consumers, but more importantly, it can greatly improve the benefits of growers and contribute to rural revitalization and farmers’ getting rich and increasing income. From collection, seed selection to breeding, more than 10 years of hard work will soon bear fruit. As the "dream catcher" of cherry breeding in China, Wang Xiaorong and her team will realize their dreams one day. (Chengdu Daily reporter Li Juan Photography Hu Datian)

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Xinmin Global ｜ Too proud to learn a foreign language, the French are in trouble in finding a job.

Nowadays, in France, speaking fluent English has become an essential condition for job seekers to get a management position. If you can speak a second foreign language, especially German or Spanish, it will be a plus.
But the reality is a bit "cruel". Statistics from job-hunting websites show that only one in six French people can speak two foreign languages fluently, and 40% employees admit that they can’t use foreign languages in their professional environment. This has caused the French to lose many employment opportunities, and 35% of the respondents admitted that they gave up at least one job search opportunity because of their low foreign language level.
The French, who have always boasted that "their own language is the most elegant", are now forced into a dilemma in the job market because of this pride.
Caption: Not knowing a foreign language prevents job seekers from finding a job in the job center. Figure GJ
People’s French complex stems from historical superiority.
How proud are the French? More than ten years ago, if someone asked for directions in English on the streets of France, the French probably wouldn’t talk to you. They would rather you spoke French.
In April 2011, a small-scale strike took place in a small town with a population of about 4,000 in France, and 185 ceramic workers took to the streets to protest against the new director sent by the company’s British headquarters. What is special about this strike is that the ceramic workers are not protesting about salary, working hours or welfare, but the management refuses to communicate with employees in French in the workplace.
The ceramic worker said that the new supervisor could not speak a word of French except "Bonjour", which forced the employees to have all the English documents translated into French, and then translated the feedback from the employees into English, resulting in very inefficient communication between superiors and subordinates. As a last resort, these ceramic workers "rose up".
In France, multinational companies use French as the official language of the company, not only to take care of the "patriotism" of local employees, but also to meet real legal requirements. According to the French Labor Law, employers can only communicate with employees in French, and enterprises will be severely punished if any documents related to labor and employment relations are used in languages other than French. "French people don’t speak foreign languages, and a large part of the reason may come from the sense of superiority in history." Kavian Royal said. Royal, who has a nice Chinese name "Jiayin", is now the editor-in-chief of a magazine. He has worked in China for 6 years and in Singapore for 1 year, as an event planner and organized large-scale music festivals.
For example, Royal said that the French have a "tacit understanding", that is, the French do not speak English to each other. "Historically, English speakers were all’ hillbillies’." Royal said that English was originally only the dialect of a village in Britain, and all the upper classes in Britain spoke French in history. "The French always believe that French is the noblest language."
Royale said: historically, French, the "language of Moliere", had a glorious history. From the 13th century to the beginning of the last century, it even became an international language, which made countless French people proud. After World War I, English gradually replaced French as the first communication language in the world, which made most French people have the feelings of defending their national language status. This feeling can be understood from the French point of view, but it shows that they have more or less resistance to English from the heart.
"Of course, this’ tradition’ has changed." Royal said that young people in France like English now, but it has to be admitted that historical factors have not only influenced the French foreign language education system, but also penetrated into the daily culture of France, and become an obstacle for French people to learn foreign languages.
Caption: French children also began to learn from primary school English map GJ.
Generally neglected to learn a foreign language, the English usage rate is low.
For a long time, English was not taken seriously in the French school teaching system. In the past, many French public schools didn’t teach English until middle school. It was not until 2014 that the French government stipulated that all schools must offer English courses from primary school. According to statistics, only 14% of 15-year-old French teenagers have good English ability, while in Sweden, one of the best European countries in English, the proportion is as high as 82%. Research shows that it is easier to learn a foreign language before the age of 12, and French children are obviously behind the starting line.
In 2015, an English test question in the "College Entrance Examination" in France aroused the continuous concern of French public opinion. This test is excerpted from the English novelist ian mcewan’s Atonement, because the questioner used the phrase "cope with", which was considered by many examinees to be "uncommon", which made the test "too difficult", so he petitioned the French Ministry of Education to cancel the scoring of this test. After the petition was issued, it was signed by tens of thousands of candidates.
The way of foreign language teaching is also an important reason. Most French school teachers explain English grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, culture, history and other knowledge in French, and there is almost no pure English teaching. Teachers rely on French to speak a foreign language, while students rely on French to learn a foreign language, which makes it difficult for French students to really integrate into the foreign language context.
In addition, the usage rate of English in French society is not as good as that in other non-English speaking countries. The most obvious example is that almost all imported movies and TV plays on French TV are dubbed in French, and even English in news reports or other programs will be covered by French dubbing.
Young people are happy to speak English and welcome more development opportunities.
Nowadays, more and more French people realize the necessity of speaking English and learning a foreign language. Mr. Yuan, a Chinese who works in La Dé fense Center, the largest central business district in Paris, said that it is standard for corporate management here to speak English, and many people can speak a third foreign language. Mr. Yuan believes that in France, the higher the general education, the higher the foreign language level.
In recent years, French people’s enthusiasm for learning foreign languages has increased, especially young people’s willingness to speak English. In the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Program (ITER) in the south of France, technicians from many countries are gathered, and electrical engineer Zhang Yi is one of them. She said that English is the working language of this international organization. Since ITER is headquartered in France, there are relatively many French employees, and their English is good. Some people who didn’t speak fluently at first have consciously caught up with their studies.
More and more French people speak English, which also brings more opportunities for this proud country. Alexis Rognon, who used to work in China, said that in recent years, more and more French universities, business schools or engineering colleges teach directly in English, which not only meets the needs of international market and international communication, but also attracts more outstanding talents. In the past, many foreign students were reluctant to go to France to study because of language barriers. Nowadays, teaching in English has opened up more students for famous French schools. The contact and communication between students from different countries has also promoted more and more people to speak English. Now young people will take the initiative to communicate with each other in English when they see foreigners. Even if the other party explains that they know French, they will still speak English. "The younger generation is completely different from the older generation." Rogoff sighed.
In the past, Japanese companies that invested and built factories in Europe would not choose France. "The Japanese have no qualms about saying that they can’t speak French, while the French refuse to speak English. A language barrier will bring a lot of trouble to management." Rognon, who once worked in a number of multinational companies, said that at that time, the French could only watch Japanese companies settle in neighboring countries. Now the French have to admit that it is impossible not to learn a foreign language. Rognon said that his parents were proud that they could not speak English, but now young people are beginning to speak English as a fashion.
Of course, in addition to English and German, which is a "plus item" for job hunting in Europe, there are many more French people learning Chinese. Although there are not many jobs that need Chinese, many French primary and secondary schools now offer Chinese courses, and most French people know their zodiac signs. Faced with China, the second largest economy in the world, a vast market and employment opportunities, the French people are really enthusiastic about learning Chinese.　Kong Fan Yu Nong
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Will pork, vegetables and fruits collectively increase in price during the Spring Festival？ Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs responded

　　The Spring Festival is coming soon, and now is the day for every household to buy new year’s goods. How about the prices of pork, vegetables and fruits? Will it go up collectively? Come and see the official response.

　　The picture shows the press conference of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on the operation of key agricultural products market in 2019.

　　Pork: It won’t go up further.

　　"Pork jiaozi, dry fried meatballs, braised elbows, sweet and sour pork ribs … …” The Spring Festival is about eating and putting on weight. Pork is the highlight of the Spring Festival dinner table. Only by ensuring the supply and stabilizing the price can the people eat happily.

　　However, recently, some citizens have reported that pork prices have risen slightly. In this regard, Wang Junxun, the second-level inspector of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that from the monitoring situation in December, the contradiction between supply and demand of pork eased.

　　According to Keke, Director of the Department of Market and Information Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, since October, with the intensive introduction and landing of a series of national and local policies and measures to ensure the stable production and supply of live pigs, the confidence of farmers in raising pigs has increased, the production of live pigs in the country has stopped falling and rebounded, the market is expected to stabilize, and the pork price has remained generally stable after falling back. In December, the average wholesale price of pork was around 43 yuan per kilogram.

　　Wang Junxun further stated that in addition, there are still a certain number of large pigs in stock, which will be gradually released before the Spring Festival. The stocks of some slaughtering, processing and circulation enterprises are being shipped one after another, and government reserves and imported pork are also being put in one after another. In addition, the peak period of making bacon in the south and killing pigs in the north is about to pass.

　　"These positive factors do not support the further increase in pork prices before the Spring Festival." Wang Junxun said.

　　Data Map: On December 27th, citizens bought pork in a supermarket in Tianxin District, Changsha. Photo by Lu Yi

　　At the same time, the production of beef and mutton, poultry meat, eggs and milk increased in an all-round way in 2019. According to the preliminary calculation of monitoring data, the output of poultry meat increased by more than 15%, the output of beef and mutton increased by about 3%, and the output of eggs increased by about 5.7%. "These products are abundant in the market, which can fill the gap in pork supply to a certain extent and satisfy and enrich the people ‘ Shopping basket ’ 。” Wang Junxun pointed out.

　　On January 17th, the Chinese Business Reserve Commodity Management Center will release 30,000 tons of central reserve frozen pork for auction, which is the third time in 2020. Since September 2019, the Chinese Business Reserve Commodity Management Center has put in a total of 250,000 tons of central reserve frozen pork. Recently, meat reserves in many places have also been put in one after another to ensure the supply of pork during the Spring Festival.

　　Vegetables: It is expected to remain basically stable.

　　The Spring Festival is coming soon. At this time, anyone who doesn’t hoard vegetables is embarrassed to say that he is going to celebrate the Spring Festival.

　　However, since the winter of 2019, China’s vegetable prices have entered a seasonal upward channel. The increase in December 2019 has increased. The national average wholesale price of 28 kinds of vegetables monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was 4.56 yuan per kilogram, up 16.3% from the previous month and 22.3% higher than the same period last year.

　　According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Commerce, from January 6 to 12, the average wholesale price of 30 kinds of vegetables was 4.97 yuan per kilogram, up 0.6% from the previous week, among which the prices of cucumber, green onion and pepper increased by 4.9%, 4.7% and 3.2% respectively.

　　Data Map: The citizens choose fresh vegetables. Photo by Fion Sun

　　Regarding the increase of vegetable prices in winter, Keke said that according to the previous years, most of the vegetables in the open field in winter were on the market, while "greenhouse vegetables" and "southern vegetables" became the main products in the market, and the cost of production and circulation increased accordingly, and the price of vegetables generally increased significantly. Generally speaking, the current fluctuation of vegetable prices basically conforms to the law of previous years.

　　"The recent price increase is a little larger than the previous month, mainly because there were two rounds of rain and snow cooling weather in the main vegetable producing areas in winter and spring, and the cross-regional circulation of vegetables was affected by stages. In addition, the early Spring Festival in 2020 and the early stocking of the market led to a rapid rise in short-term prices." Keke said.

　　As for many people who feel that the price of vegetables is higher than that of the same period in 2018, Keke explained that the main reason is that in the first half of 2019, the prices of some varieties, such as cauliflower, beans, cucumber and zucchini, were depressed, and the willingness of vegetable farmers to plant decreased, which led to a large increase in market prices and raised the overall vegetable price.

　　The pace of the Spring Festival is getting closer and closer. Will the price of vegetables keep rising?

　　"From the later trend, due to the normal warm temperature in winter in 2019, it is more favorable for the production of protected vegetables in the north and overwintering vegetables in the south, and the production and supply of vegetables are generally guaranteed. If there is no continuous large-scale disastrous weather before the Spring Festival, the price of vegetables is expected to remain basically stable, and the price may stabilize and decline after the holiday. " Keke said.

　　Fruit: It is expected to increase slightly before the Spring Festival.

　　Apple symbolizes peace and security, orange symbolizes all one’s wishes come true, and grapefruit represents Tuan Tuan Yuan Yuan … … Fruit is an indispensable ornament on the table during the Spring Festival, which is not only used to greet relatives and friends, but also to bring a good omen for the coming year. How about the price of fruit in the near future?

　　According to Keke, in the second half of 2019, with a large number of fruits coming into the market in summer and autumn, the output of apples and pears increased significantly, and the fruit price fell seasonally. Since October, it has been lower than the same period of last year, and the price was basically stable in November and December, with a year-on-year decline of more than 10%.

　　However, according to the monitoring of the Ministry of Commerce, from January 6 to 12, the average wholesale price of six kinds of fruits was 6.71 yuan per kilogram, up 0.9% from the previous week.

　　Fruit farmers in Coarse Shijiang Town, Jiangyong County send pomelo to all parts of the country. Photo by Chen Jianlin

　　"From the later trend, the supply of fruit market is mainly in stock, the cost has increased, and consumption is in the peak season. It is expected that the price of fruit will rise slightly before the Spring Festival." Keke said.

　　"However, with the sufficient supply and rich varieties in the fruit market, especially the storage rate of apples has reached a historical high, and the storage rate of cold storage in most areas has reached 80-90%, and it is unlikely that the price of fruits will fluctuate greatly." Keke stressed that with the weakening of consumption after the holiday, prices will drop slightly.

　　Pork, fruits, vegetables,

　　Did your family buy it,

　　Is it expensive or cheap?

　　Reporter: Xie Yiguan

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＂Love me, don’t think too much＂ hit Chen Jianbin Li Yitong really broke the routine

1905 movie network news　The urban romantic comedy "Don’t think too much if you love me" directed by Huisheng Cao and Han Jie is currently being broadcasted. Chen Jianbin, Li Yitong, and Pan Yueming’s hand-in-hand interpretation of diversified modern emotional relationships and joyful plots have attracted the attention and heated discussion of the audience, and received constant praise.


The popularity of "Happy Brain" attracted a lot of attention. Comments on Chen Jianbin Li Yitong’s feeling of making a fake come true.


In last week’s story, after an accidental meeting between Li Honghai, a successful entrepreneur played by Chen Jianbin, and Xia Keke, a sunshine designer played by Li Yitong, Li Honghai pretended to be a small steamed bun shop owner. Xia Keke, want to go to Li Honghai’s steamed stuffed bun shop for dinner. Li Honghai turned to his friend Pan Yueming Moheng Street for help. He really became the owner of the bun shop and switched back and forth with the president. The funny plot and relaxed style of the series attracted netizens to shout "the more you look at it, the more you look at it." In addition, Xia Keke tore love rat by hand, exposing the true face of Liu Dongyang, a married man, which also made the audience shout and enjoy themselves.


In this week’s story, Li Honghai and Xia Keke went on a trip to Thailand. When they first arrived in Thailand, they fell into the dilemma of having their bags stolen and suddenly becoming penniless. Fortunately, God never shuts one door but he opens another. I didn’t expect Li Honghai to get a free order in a foreign restaurant by virtue of his unique steamed stuffed bun craft. In addition, the two men worked together to outwit thieves, a day trip to the cell, singing in the street and a series of unexpected experiences, and their feelings gradually warmed up. However, when the son-in-law meets the old father-in-law, the daughter-in-law meets the mother-in-law, and the tricks between Weng Xu’s mother-in-law and daughter-in-law will lead to more interesting plots. In the upcoming plot preview, Li Honghai, who has undergone many tests, successfully proposed marriage and got the certificate hand in hand with Xia Keke. What will happen when Li Honghai and Xia Keke confess their true identities?


Pan Yueming became a happy upgrade of love "people in the game" and "iron handyman" CP


On the other hand, Mo Heng, played by Pan Yueming, and Yang Liya, played by Zhang Shu, also opened different emotional modes, which left a deep impression on the audience. Mo Heng, who treats feelings extremely rationally and values the "love agreement", has many contradictions in the love management with Yang Liya, who is straightforward in everything. Mo Heng was ill and went to the hospital for infusion, but he still didn’t forget to call Yang Liya on time. Yang Liya’s wish to impose a fine on Mo Heng failed, so she deliberately made things difficult for Mo Heng and proposed to go to the playground on a date. Mo Heng had no choice but to promise, even in order not to be late, he pulled out the needle and left before the fluid was lost. Mo Heng, who was weak, insisted on rushing to the playground, and Yang Liya played all kinds of thrilling amusement projects, which made Mo Heng physically exhausted. Mo Heng’s serious attitude made Yang Liya feel warm. Yang Liya was ashamed of her behavior of using Mo Heng as a gun to get rid of her predecessor.


In addition, it has to be mentioned that Li Honghai and Mo Heng, who were emotionally frustrated, also joined hands to become he is my brother, combining "Tie Hanhan CP", and their joy was upgraded again. The two men, who are handy in their careers, obviously show low emotional intelligence in emotion and break through the emotional routine hand in hand. With the advancement of this week’s plot, the feelings of the starring actors have gradually entered a climax. What kind of love joys and entanglements do the starring actors have to experience? Stay tuned for more exciting content.

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Why is this year’s New Year’s Eve not ＂30＂ but ＂29＂？ Listen to the explanation of astronomical experts

　　It is no exaggeration to say that,

　　A minute or two apart,

　　You can decide whether New Year’s Eve is "30" or "29".

　　New Year’s Eve is also called "Thirty Years".

　　However, why is the upcoming New Year’s Eve not "30"?

　　But "29 years old"? What is the scientific basis for determining the number of days per month in the lunar calendar?

　　Minister of Network Science Department of Shanghai Planetarium,

　　Shi Kun, Deputy Secretary-General of Shanghai Astronomical Society, made a popular science interpretation for the public.

　　According to reports, calendars adopted by various countries and nationalities today can be divided into three categories-solar calendar, lunar calendar and combined calendar of yin and yang. The Gregorian calendar is based on the "tropic year", that is, the period of revolution of the earth. The most widely used solar calendar is the Gregorian calendar, which has a calendar year of 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a leap year, with an average of 365.2422 days in a year. The lunar calendar is a calendar based on the "Shuowangyue", that is, the change period of the moon phase. This kind of calendar does not take into account the factors of the earth’s revolution, and accumulates in a "new moon", with 354 or 355 days in a year.

　　The combined calendar of yin and yang is a calendar that takes into account the two periods of "the year of the tropic of cancer" and "the first moon". Following the previous cycle is to reflect the timely change of seasons and guide agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandry; Following the latter cycle is to reflect the moon phase, facilitate the marking of the sun and the time, and guide agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandry. Coastal areas along the Yangtze River can also associate it with tides.

　　The lunar calendar is a combined calendar of yin and yang, and the number of days in the month is determined according to the change cycle of the moon phase. The new moon is the new moon, and the full moon is the hope. A "full moon" has an average of 29.5306 days, so the number of days in the lunar month is 30 days or 29 days. 30 days are commonly called "big moon" and 29 days are called "small moon". The arrangement of the big moon and the small moon is not arranged at intervals, but is completely determined by the moon phase. According to the lunar calendar, the first day of each month is the first day, which is determined by the time when the new moon appears. This principle is called "the method of determining the new moon".

　　A new moon that just passed happened at 2: 33 on January 3, 2022, so January 3 was determined as the first day of the twelfth lunar month. The next new moon will occur at 13: 46 on February 1, 2022, so February 1 is determined as the first day of the first lunar month. In this way, this December of the lunar calendar has only 29 days, so there is no "New Year’s Eve".

　　The last time New Year’s Eve was "29 years old", it happened on February 7, 2016. The next "New Year’s Eve" will appear on January 28th, 2025. From 2025 to 2029, "New Year’s Eve" will be absent for five consecutive years. Are there any rules? "It is generally regular, but it seems that the regularity is not very strong locally." Shi Kun explained that this is because the moon, a satellite, is not very small compared with the earth, so it will keep swinging when it revolves around the earth, as if the earth and the moon are dancing a complicated Waltz. "Imagine the extreme situation: if the new moon occurs at 23: 59, the number of days in the lunar calendar will be one day less; If the new moon happens at 0: 01, there will be one more day. It is no exaggeration to say that a difference of one or two minutes can determine whether New Year’s Eve is’ 30′ or’ 29′. "

　　In addition to determining the number of days per month according to the moon phase, the lunar calendar also sets up 24 solar terms according to the law of the earth’s revolution around the sun, which is also the basis for the lunar calendar to set leap. The purpose of setting leap is to combine the running laws of the moon and the sun to "coordinate Yin and Yang". If the lunar calendar is an accumulation of 12 "moons" in a year, there are only 354.36 days in a year, which is 10.88 days less than the "tropic year", so the lunar calendar adopts the method of setting seven leap months in 19 years to "catch up with the Gregorian calendar", so that the difference between the Gregorian calendar and the lunar calendar is only 0.0518 days every 19 years. It can be seen that the lunar calendar is a very scientific calendar of yin and yang.

　　From: Xinhua News Agency

Source: Chongqing Daily

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It snows in Shanghai, the first snow in 2024! It will be colder tomorrow …

At 10 o’clock this morning, "Shanghai’s application to join the snow group chat was rejected" was still posted on the hot search. At noon, it began to snow in Pudong.

Pudong’s little friend said excitedly, "It’s raining hard!"

Today, with the first wave of cold wave crossing the border in 2024, the strong cold air pushed the warm and humid airflow to the south, and there were large-scale snowfalls all over the south.

Next door, it is raining heavily in southern Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan and even Guangxi, and the "landscape is the best in the world" is covered with a misty snow coat.

For Shanghai, when I woke up in the morning, the temperature in the urban area was below zero, and the cold was in place, but it was a cloudy day, and it didn’t mean that it was going to snow.

In fact, in the early hours of the morning, a few Shanghai friends saw the snow, and even photographed the snow foam flying in the night sky.

However, the "scalp snow" that falls in most people’s sleep is about equal to never falling. Shanghainese wait for snow during the winter day.

Shortly after "Shanghai’s application to join the snow group chat was rejected" boarded the hot search, it began to snow in Pudong.

Some places are smaller, some places are more obvious, and some netizens have photographed the high-altitude perspective of Shanghai center.

Is it exclusive to Pudong? Is there any hope for friends in other districts to get in close contact with snowflakes?

According to the explanation of Weibo Xiaobian, the official of Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, the hope of snowing in Shanghai today is that cold air will blow sporadic snowfall at sea, that is, cold current snowfall.

So, it is easier to see snowflakes in Pudong or Chongming in the east.

China Weather Network also joined in the fun, saying that the main venue of this snowfall is not in Shanghai. If you see friends, you should hurry to take photos, because it won’t last long.

The snow in Pudong is also the snow in Shanghai. The first snow in Shanghai came in 2024. The photos and videos taken by Shanghai IP online can prove that Shanghai finally squeezed into the snow group chat!

It is naturally very cold when it can snow.

According to the Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory, the highest temperature today is around 1℃, and the wind is strong, with a gust of 6-7 from the north to the northwest, especially in coastal areas along the river.

Due to the low surface temperature and the precipitation two days ago, some shady roads are prone to road icing.

It is worth mentioning that,It will be colder tomorrow-the temperature will be below freezing all day.Unfortunately, it will turn sunny and cold tomorrow, and there is no possibility of snow, so it will be cold in vain …

According to the weather forecast,Tomorrow morning and Wednesday morning are full of chill, and the lowest temperature in the urban area is between MINUS 4℃ and MINUS 3℃, with freezing; The suburbs are 6℃ below zero to 5℃ below zero, with severe freezing.

It warmed up slightly during the day on Thursday, but the highest temperature this weekend was around 11℃.

Please continue to be cold and warm ~

source | News Morning News Thoughtful APP

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A new generation of domestic beauty brands stir-fry the concept of ＂nourishing skin with oil＂

Reporter | Viann

Edit | Louchanqin

one

Recently, many beauty bloggers have devoted themselves to introducing a skin care concept called "nourishing skin with oil".

The products used in oil skin care are essential oil, which is an essential product based on oil. The steps of beauty bloggers to nourish their skin with oil are similar-first, simply clean their faces, then wet their faces with water, and then rub the essential oil on their hands, press them on their faces and apply oil.10-30Minutes, during which you can also make a self-made water film to apply to your face. Finally, wet the washcloth with warm water to absorb the excess oil, and follow up the skin care steps.

On the lifestyle platform Xiaohongshu, the number of notes related to "skin care with oil" has exceeded.83Ten thousand, the number of notes related to "essential oil" exceeds.eightWan.

Many beauty bloggers say that nourishing the skin with oil can effectively relieve skin sensitivity and keep the skin stable.

Yin Rui, a dermatologist at the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, said that the essence of nourishing skin with oil is actually moisturizing.

According to Yin Rui, the sebaceous glands on the surface of normal skin secrete oil, which is exported through pores to form a thin sebum layer, which can prevent the skin from losing water and isolate foreign harmful substances. Nourishing the skin with oil is to apply a layer of oil on the skin surface to form an extra sebum film on the skin surface, so that the water in the stratum corneum is not so easy to lose.

It is worth noting that not everyone is suitable for nourishing skin with oil.

Yin Rui said that essential oil can be properly used for dry skin, while neutral skin mainly needs to keep the balance of the skin itself. For people with oily skin, nourishing the skin with oil may make the skin worse and worse, posing a risk of acne.

In fact, nourishing skin with oil is not a brand-new concept of skin care, and essential oil products are not a new species in the beauty industry.

Many international brands have launched essential oil products, some of which are star products of the brand, such as Elizabeth Arden’s golden glue, the revitalizing essential oil of Hailan mystery, and the multi-effect essential oil of Oushu.HABAThe horn shark washes oil and so on.

Elizabeth Arden Jinjiao Image Source: official website, Elizabeth Arden
HABA horn shark oil source: HABA official Weibo

The sudden popularity of the concept of "nourishing skin with oil" is actually related to the choice of essential oil as the main product by many domestic beauty brands.

2019Since 2000, more and more cutting-edge domestic beauty brands have begun to make explosive products through relatively accurate product and crowd positioning and intensive social media marketing. includeLANorchid, one by one、PMPMSkin care brands such as Lin Qingxuan choose to make explosive products in the category of essential oil, and spare no effort to make small red books, Tik Tok,BStation, Taobao live broadcast and other platforms to promote essential oil products.

LANorchidAnd book by bookIt is a typical brand representative.

LANorchidFounded in2018year10Month, will“Nourishing skin with oil"As a breakthrough point, its products take essential oil and cleansing oil as the main categories; Book by book was founded in2015In, cleansing oil and Essential Oil products were also the main products.

Source capital previously stated that,LANAt the beginning of the brand establishment, Lan Yu laid the topic of "nourishing skin with oil" on the little red book, and an essential oil in the first batch of products was listedfourGet more than in a month’s time.2000Ten thousand yuan in sales, and at that time entered the top ten list of Tmall essence categories. according toLANData published by Lan, which is in2020It was realized in 2008.2Revenue of 100 million yuan.

Image source: LAN Lan official Weibo

Book by book is from2018Start at the end of the yearThrough Taobao live broadcast to promote and sell products, its cleansing oil products first became popular in the live broadcast room in Li Jiaqi, and then increased the launch of Xiaohongshu and Tik Tok KOL one by one, mainly by planting grass for users through face evaluation and skill education. In 2020, the sales volume of cleansing oil, a plant substrate, exceeded 2,000.Wan.

Image source: One by one official Weibo

existLANOrchid, book by book, etc.With the help of the brand, the product evaluation and popular science content about essential oil have blossomed everywhere on social platforms, and the concept of "nourishing skin with oil" has also become popular.

However, the reason why consumers are willing to accept the concept of skin care with oil and are willing to buy essential oil products lies in the change of consumer behavior.

When skin care brands promote essential oil products, they will pay special attention to telling consumers a "efficacy story", and prove the efficacy of the products with ingredients and formulas.

Market research consulting firm Mintel released "2021China Skin Care Trends points out that ingredients, concentration and technology are now the focus of consumers’ attention, and products that focus on ingredients and texture and claim sustainability are worthy of brand research and development. Consumers no longer blindly believe in big names, but are willing to try brands that claim to be doing well.

However, although some cutting-edge domestic beauty brands have made essential oil enter the purchase list of more and more consumers, this does not mean that essential oil products will stay on consumers’ dressing tables for a long time. In the case of high market competition, last year’s best-selling products may not necessarily remain best-selling this year.

According to the huge engine and the Kaidu Consumer Index jointly released recently,2021Huge engine beauty industry white paper "，2019The sales of best-selling products in 2000 accounted for%25%, to2020In, the proportion of the same batch of products was reduced to22%. In almost all categories,2019The share of best-selling products in the corresponding categories decreased in the second year, especially in essence, mask and make-up category.

Therefore, after the popularity of essential oil products, related skin care brands still need to continue to carry out R&D and upgrading in order to maintain their own market popularity.

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Exclusive romance in winter

Send away the autumn when the grain is abundant.
The frosty winter comes quietly.
The tall branches are not as lush as before.
The slow stream lost its previous fluctuation.
Occasionally, a few birds fly in the blue sky.
Winter in the south is romantic even slowly.
Happiness on the tip of her tongue
Winter is a season of white fog. In the sub-zero days, wrapped in a furry down jacket, wearing a super warm wool hat and gloves, I asked my little sister to buy a big hot baked sweet potato before I found the car for baking sweet potatoes. You are half and I am half, and the happiness in winter is hidden in the sweet potato.
"Cold winter matches hot pot better." It is said that hot pot is essential in the happiness of winter. "People who can eat hot pot together must be people from all over the world." "Hot pot glugs, my heart plops." I went to a hot pot restaurant with three or two friends, chose some favorite dishes, talked and laughed, and had a good time.
"Nothing can’t be solved by a good meal. If it can’t be solved, just a few meals will be fine." The so-called people take food as their priority, are not active in eating, and have ideological problems, just like the "dry rice man" who is often said now. A bad mood can be cured by food, and happiness will be over.
Snowflakes hide surprises.
"is like a spring gale, come up in the night, blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees"
Winter is really a romantic season, especially when it is snowing heavily. The snow fairy waved her sleeves heartily, and in the fluttering playing, the world was pure and clean, without quagmire. When the cold wind passed, falling snowflakes, the silver light flashed, and everything around it was immersed in a silver-white world.
Especially the first snow in winter, the first snow. First snow always has many beautiful definitions. "The first snow must be enjoyed with the person you like", "If he is showered with snow together, this life will be a white head" and "Sending you a photo of the first snow means I miss you". There are thousands of beautiful definitions, and the first snow is also an essential definition.
How can the fun of snowy days be short of snowball fights and snowmen? Find a place with a thick snowdrift, hold a snowball in your hand, have a snowball fight with your friends, or prepare some gadgets to make a beautiful snowman. Even if my hands are red with cold, my face is still a cheerful smile.
Future expectations
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
Winter can also be a season of expectation. Every time I am in beginning of winter, I know that the New Year is not far away. Not only that, but also the New Year’s Eve, the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival, which followed closely, are also lining up to send holiday surprises. "In 2021, walk with love" and "In the new year, everyone will be fat in vain and run towards a well-off society in an all-round way"
Life is long, and it is inevitable to be sad and unhappy. In 2020, a special year, there will be gathering and separation. Even so, the pace of life will not slow down, and the efforts should still go all out, and the expectations and beauty should be hidden in the heart. Every day is a day full of hope. So, let’s stop being unhappy now, and the new year is still radiant.
Three secrets of keeping happy: it doesn’t matter, it’s unnecessary and it’s not possible. Yes, life is too short, so why should you be sad? At this time, when you are young, you should struggle, struggle and come on. Everyone should have a dream and a goal, in case it comes true. Time pays off, so run. "In 2021, I will bump into happiness."
May you be the wind, with white sails.
May you be a ship, sailing the blue waves.
Everything is renewed, old diseases should be healed, and Chang’ an is always safe.
Source: Anhui School Media
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Shanghai Stock Exchange’s official release of supporting business rules for the full implementation of the stock issuance registration system

　　Cctv newsThe full implementation of the registration system is a major reform involving the overall situation of the capital market. The promulgation and implementation of the rules of the registration system in an all-round way indicates that the institutional arrangement of the registration system has been basically finalized, and that the registration system has been extended to the whole market and all kinds of public offering of shares, which is a milestone in the reform and development of China’s capital market. On February 17th, 2023, in accordance with the unified deployment of China Securities Regulatory Commission, Shanghai Stock Exchange officially issued 26 business rules, guidelines and guidelines that are compatible with the full implementation of the stock issuance registration system. The relevant person in charge of the Shanghai Stock Exchange answered the reporter’s questions on issues of market concern.

　　1. Please introduce the general situation of the business rules issued this time.

　　A:In order to implement the decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the full implementation of the registration system, under the unified leadership of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the Shanghai Stock Exchange formulated or revised the supporting business rules for the full implementation of the registration system, which was officially released to the market with the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission.

　　This time, the Shanghai Stock Exchange issued 26 business rules, including 9 major business rules, such as the Rules for the Examination of Stock Issuance and Listing of Shanghai Stock Exchange, which has been publicly solicited for comments, and 17 supporting business rules, guidelines and business guides. These 26 rules, together with other rules of this Exchange, constitute a business rule system to ensure the smooth implementation of the full registration system in Shanghai Stock Exchange.

　　These 26 business rules cover the main institutional arrangements of listing review, underwriting, continuous supervision, trading organization management and investor protection under the full implementation of the registration system. Specifically, it includes four categories: (1)11 rules for IPO review, namely IPO review rules, refinancing rules, merger and reorganization rules, preferred stock review rules, and guidelines and guides for application document acceptance, on-site supervision, business consultation and communication. (2) Six underwriting rules, including the underwriting rules for initial public offering and refinancing, as well as the online and offline issuance rules, the working rules of the self-discipline committee and the guidelines for the listing announcement. (3) Two continuous supervision rules, namely, the main board listing rules and major asset restructuring guidelines. (4) Seven trading organization and management rules, namely, trading rules, margin trading rules, refinancing securities lending trading methods, abnormal trading monitoring rules of the main board and science and technology innovation board, notice that stocks and depositary receipts will not be used as stock pledged repurchase and agreed repurchase securities under the registration system for the time being, and a guide to the necessary clauses of the main board risk disclosure.

　　After the comprehensive implementation of the registration system and the centralized release of supporting business rules, the Shanghai Stock Exchange will pay close attention to the integration and cleaning up of other business rules, strengthen adaptability, integration and synergy, and further promote the construction of a "concise and friendly" rule system.

　　2. In the early stage, the Shanghai Stock Exchange publicly solicited opinions from the public on nine supporting business rules, including the review rules for stock issuance and listing. Please briefly introduce the relevant situation.

　　A:From February 1 to February 8, 2023, the Shanghai Stock Exchange publicly solicited opinions from the market on nine major business rules through official websites, emails, 400 hotlines and symposiums. The opinions of members, relevant market institutions and self-regulatory organizations were solicited on the four business rules. Issue questionnaires to get a broad understanding of investors’ and market practitioners’ comments on the reform and opinions on the work of the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

　　Generally speaking, all parties highly agree with the full implementation of the registration system. It is generally believed that the full implementation of the registration system is of great significance to improve the multi-level capital market system, enhance the capital market’s ability to serve the real economy, and help the high-quality economic development, marking that the capital market has entered a new historical development stage. All parties in the market have fully affirmed the supporting business rules for soliciting opinions, which are considered to reflect the objectives and requirements of the registration system reform.

　　As of February 8, the Shanghai Stock Exchange has received 128 specific opinions and suggestions related to the rules from various market entities. The Shanghai Stock Exchange attaches great importance to the opinions and suggestions from all walks of life and carefully studies them one by one. Among them, more than 30 articles were adopted, mainly involving extending refinancing, reorganizing the submission time of working papers of intermediaries, optimizing the callback mechanism of the main board and standardizing the quotation behavior of offline investors. Some opinions are not adopted, and some belong to the implementation level, which will be implemented in the implementation of the rules; Some of them belong to the level of understanding, and the follow-up will be clarified by increasing training and publicity; Some of them are still controversial, which will be further studied and demonstrated.

　　III. Please briefly introduce the detailed rules for real-time monitoring of abnormal stock trading on the main board of Shanghai Stock Exchange and the detailed rules for real-time monitoring of abnormal stock trading in science and technology innovation board of Shanghai Stock Exchange.

　　A:In order to improve the transparency and standardization of the supervision of abnormal stock trading under the full implementation of the registration system, the Shanghai Stock Exchange, on the basis of adhering to the continuity, stability and predictability of the supervision rules, summed up the practical experience of supervision and combined with the opinions and suggestions of market institutions, formulated the Detailed Rules for Real-time Monitoring of Abnormal Stock Trading on the Main Board of Shanghai Stock Exchange (hereinafter referred to as the Detailed Rules for Monitoring Main Board Stocks). The main contents are as follows: First, the qualitative description and quantitative indicators of typical abnormal trading behaviors of main board stocks are disclosed, and the monitoring standards of 14 typical abnormal trading behaviors of 5 categories are stipulated to further clarify market expectations. The second is to optimize and improve some monitoring indicators, improve the accuracy of supervision, and reduce unnecessary intervention in transactions. Third, the stocks with serious abnormal fluctuations, risk warning stocks and delisting stocks will be included in the key monitoring scope, so that abnormal transactions can be strictly identified and regulatory measures can be taken to prevent trading risks.

　　At the same time, the Shanghai Stock Exchange revised the Detailed Rules for Real-time Monitoring of Abnormal Trading in science and technology innovation board Stock of Shanghai Stock Exchange (hereinafter referred to as the Detailed Rules for Monitoring science and technology innovation board Stock) to adapt to the adjustment of the upper rules such as the Trading Rules of Shanghai Stock Exchange (hereinafter referred to as the Trading Rules) and further improve the monitoring standards, which are basically consistent with the Detailed Rules for Monitoring Main Board Stocks. The Detailed Rules for Monitoring the Main Board Stock and the Detailed Rules for Monitoring the science and technology innovation board Stock are positioned as the subordinate rules of the Trading Rules. Where there are no provisions in the Detailed Rules for Monitoring the Main Board Stock and the Detailed Rules for Monitoring the science and technology innovation board Stock, the Trading Rules and other relevant provisions shall apply.

　　Four, please introduce the main differences between the underwriting mechanism of the main board’s initial public offering under the full implementation of the registration system.

　　A:The Detailed Rules for the Issuance and Underwriting of Initial Public Offerings of Shanghai Stock Exchange issued and implemented this time are applicable to the main board and science and technology innovation board. According to the reform direction of marketization and rule of law, combined with the characteristics of the stock plate, we reformed and improved the main board issuance and underwriting system, copied and popularized the practical experience of the previous pilot registration system, and adjusted and optimized the mechanism arrangements such as pricing and placing; While enhancing inclusiveness and adaptability, market constraints have been strengthened based on considerations such as taking into account stocks, preventing and controlling risks, and protecting the rights and interests of small and medium-sized investors. Compared with before the reform, the main differences of the underwriting mechanism of the main board initial issuance are as follows:

　　The first is the pricing mechanism.It is clear that the issue price and scale of new shares are mainly determined by marketization. Enterprises with smaller issuance scale will continue to retain direct pricing and add a reference upper limit for pricing. Further improve the inquiry pricing, and optimize the mechanisms for offline investors to fill in the price, the upper limit of the highest quotation rejection ratio, the disclosure of quotation information, the pricing reference value, and the issuance of special announcements on investment risks. It is clear that offline issuance can be restricted by lottery or proportional sales, further increasing the quotation constraints of offline investors.

　　The second is the subscription and placement.The subscription unit for new shares of online investors on the main board will be adjusted from 1,000 shares to 500 shares, which is consistent with science and technology innovation board. It is clear that when the online subscription multiple is high, on the basis of ensuring that a large proportion of new shares are issued to online investors, the upper limit of the proportion after the callback of the main board will be adjusted from 90% to 80%. According to the difference in the number of issues, the scale of strategic placement and the arrangement of the number of participating investors are clarified.

　　The third is risk prevention and control.Improve the implementation mechanism of over-allotment option. A new mechanism for coping with major changes in the market allows issuers and lead underwriters to require offline investors to pay a certain amount of deposit, and it is clear that investors who abandon the purchase can make a secondary placement.

　　5. On the basis of promoting the "open door audit" in the early stage, how can the Shanghai Stock Exchange further strengthen the openness, transparency and predictability of the audit work and strengthen the supervision mechanism of clean government?

　　A:The Shanghai Stock Exchange attaches great importance to the supervision of clean government, consciously accepts the supervision and inspection of the China Securities Regulatory Commission on the stock issuance of the exchange and the supervision of the discipline inspection and supervision team stationed in the CSRC, closely cooperates with the on-site supervision of the Shanghai Stock Exchange Working Group of the discipline inspection and supervision team stationed in the CSRC, insists on the simultaneous deployment and implementation of clean government construction and business work, continuously improves the restriction and supervision mechanism for the operation of the issuance and listing review power, and embeds various supervision requirements into the whole process of registration system reform. Strengthen supervision and accountability for discipline, adhere to one-stop promotion, do not dare to rot, do not want to rot, keep an eye on key personnel, key positions and key links, strengthen management supervision, strictly discipline and accountability for violations of laws and regulations, and ensure that the registration system reform is stable and far-reaching. At the same time, further strengthen the openness, transparency and predictability of the audit, and increase the intensity of "opening the door to audit".

　　First, strengthen the supervision and checks and balances of the audit of issuance and listing.Further improve the audit procedures, optimize the audit and decision-making mechanism of the audit department of issuance and listing, and achieve "clear responsibilities, responsibility on duty, grading control, collective decision-making, and effective checks and balances". We will ensure that members of the two committees perform their duties independently and give full play to their independent performance and professional checks. Comprehensively sort out the operation process of issuing and auditing public power, clarify the positions, integrity risk points and prevention and control measures for exercising public power, and establish and improve the supervision and restriction mechanism covering the whole process of each link.

　　The second is to deepen the embedded supervision mechanism of the whole chain.Enrich supervision methods, focus on key positions and key links in the operation of stock issuance review power, and carry out full-chain, full-process and all-round supervision. Promote the organic integration of discipline inspection and supervision, organizational supervision, audit supervision, financial supervision and other kinds of supervision, and form a joint force of supervision. Take the initiative to accept social supervision, regularly carry out clean government supervision return visits, clean government evaluation, special research, and listen to opinions and suggestions from market entities and relevant departments such as issuers, listed companies and intermediaries.

　　The third is to continue to promote the "sunshine use right".Strengthen the disclosure of audit standards by issuing business guidelines, business guidelines and market training. Accelerate the combing of typical cases, enrich the dynamic content of audit, strengthen policy interpretation, better protect the market participants’ right to know, participate and supervise, and minimize the space of discretion. Strengthen the disclosure of audit information, and make the entire audit process, audit process and audit results public by relying on the IPO audit website and IPO audit system.

　　The fourth is to establish and improve the consultation and communication mechanism of full coverage and whole process.Revise the business consultation and communication guide, expand the IPO business consultation and communication to refinancing, merger and reorganization, and transfer the board, and appropriately broaden the participants of consultation and communication before project declaration. Optimize the communication channels before the declaration, during the audit and after the meeting, improve the level of consultation reception, and effectively improve the quality and efficiency of consulting services. Ask for a clear reply to the consultation question and solve the problem effectively; If it is difficult to answer directly, clearly review the concerns and improve the suggestions.

　　The fifth is to create a good environment for honest employment.After an enterprise submits an application for issuance and listing to the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock Exchange will immediately send an initiative letter to the chairman, general manager and secretary of the board of directors of the enterprise to jointly promote the "open door audit", introduce the necessary process of the audit, provide convenient communication channels, reiterate that there is no need to ask for help and find a "way", and clarify the discipline and requirements related to clean government, so as to facilitate the issuer to better supervise the audit work. Improve the integrity commitment system of issuers, sponsors and related entities, and require relevant market entities to submit integrity commitment letters when enterprises declare. The Shanghai Stock Exchange will work with all parties to create a sunny, clean and clean environment for issuing and listing, and reduce the "temperature difference" and "gap" between the reporting enterprises. Strictly take regulatory punishment measures for illegal acts such as violating the requirements of honest employment and hunting and auditing staff, continuously promote the ecological purification of the industry, and jointly create a clean market environment.

　　6. Please briefly introduce the relevant rules and transitional arrangements for the connection between old and new businesses.

　　A:In order to steadily push forward the reform of the full implementation of the registration system, the supporting rules officially issued have connected the implementation arrangements. The 26 rules shall come into force as of the date of promulgation except for the following arrangements. (1) Since the issuance of the six underwriting rules, if the main board enterprise has obtained the registration approval for the initial public offering of securities and the issuance has not yet started, if the initial public offering of securities by science and technology innovation board enterprises and the issuance of securities by the main board and science and technology innovation board listed companies have not yet started, the relevant rules after the issuance shall apply, and the Exchange shall perform the underwriting supervision procedures. In other cases, the issuance and underwriting work shall be carried out in accordance with the original rules. (2) The five trading organization and management rules, such as Trading Rules, Detailed Rules for Monitoring Main Board Stocks, Detailed Rules for Monitoring science and technology innovation board Stocks, Detailed Rules for Implementing Margin Trading of Shanghai Stock Exchange, and Implementation Measures for Lending Securities of Shanghai Stock Exchange (for Trial Implementation), shall be implemented from the first day of listing of the first main board stock issued in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Registration of Initial Public Offerings. (3) The guide to the necessary clauses of the risk disclosure shall be implemented as of the date of issuance. Since the first day of issuance of the first main board stock issued in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Registration of Initial Public Offerings, ordinary investors with new accounts will participate in the subscription of the main board stock for the first time and sign the main board investment risk disclosure before the transaction.

　　In order to do a good job in the orderly connection and smooth transition of the audit work of issuance and listing, the Shanghai Stock Exchange issued the Notice on the Connection Arrangement of the Audit Work Related to the Full Implementation of the Stock Issuance Registration System on February 1. According to this notice, the Shanghai Stock Exchange will accept the applications for IPO, refinancing, merger and reorganization of enterprises under review from February 20th to March 3rd, 2023, and then review them in the order of review and acceptance in China Securities Regulatory Commission. From March 4, 2023, we will receive applications from newly declared enterprises on the main board. Science and technology innovation board’s application acceptance and audit work is progressing normally. Enterprises under review should submit special explanations and verification opinions that meet the new regulations before March 10, 2023, and submit updated application documents when the next inquiry is answered or the financial report is updated.

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