China’s air quality will continue to improve during the Tenth Five-Year Plan.

　　Core reading

　　The Ministry of Ecology and Environment will, according to the different causes of heavy air pollution in different places, scientifically formulate the indicators for the decline of heavy pollution days in various places during the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan", and at the same time, it will strictly assess and eliminate the man-made heavy pollution weather as much as possible. The key and difficult points are still in areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei Plain.

　　□ Rule of Law Daily reporter Qi Jianrong

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Target for the Year 2035 (hereinafter referred to as the 14th Five-year Plan Proposal) proposes to basically eliminate the heavily polluted weather during the 14th Five-year Plan period. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has recently released a preliminary plan on how to achieve this goal proposed in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan".

　　Liu Bingjiang, director of the Department of Atmospheric Environment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, revealed that according to the different causes of heavy air pollution in different places, the indicators for the decline of heavy pollution days in various places during the 14 th Five-Year Plan will be scientifically formulated, and at the same time, strict assessment will be made to eliminate the man-made heavy pollution weather as much as possible. The key and difficult points are still in areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei Plain.

　　The Ministry of Ecology and Environment pointed out that although the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" binding targets have been exceeded, heavy polluted weather still occurs from time to time in some areas and periods, and it is a long way to go to accomplish the goal of basically eliminating heavy polluted weather in the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan".

　　The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" binding indicators were overfulfilled.

　　In 2020, the average concentration of PM2.5 in cities at substandard prefecture level and above decreased by 18% compared with 2015, and the national ratio of excellent days increased by 3.3 percentage points compared with 2015. This is a binding indicator proposed in the outline of the 13 th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development.

　　According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, around this goal, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made overall arrangements for winning the blue sky defense war, issued and implemented the Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the blue sky defense war, defined the overall thinking, basic objectives and main tasks of air pollution prevention and control work, and determined the timetable and road map for winning the blue sky defense war. The State Council has set up a leading group for air pollution prevention and control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and its surrounding areas. The Yangtze River Delta region regards air pollution prevention and control cooperation as an important content and a prominent starting point for regional integration development, and establishes a cooperation mechanism for air pollution prevention and control in Fenwei Plain. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have formulated the implementation plan of "Three-year Action Plan to Win the Blue Sky Defence War" in light of their own reality, made overall plans to carry out various pollution control work, and decomposed the objectives and tasks step by step.

　　The Department of Atmospheric Environment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment said that all departments have actively promoted the detailed division of labor plan for key tasks of the Three-Year Action Plan to Win the Blue Sky Defence War, and only more than 40 supporting policies and measures have been introduced.

　　"Monitoring data show that in 2020, the average concentration of PM2.5 in cities at or above the substandard level decreased by 28.8% compared with 2015, and the ratio of excellent days in China increased by 5.8 percentage points compared with 2015, and the completion rates exceeded &lsquo respectively; Thirteenth Five-Year Plan ’ 60% and 76% of the target. " Liu Bingjiang said that these two goals required by the 13 th Five-Year Plan were completely exceeded.

　　2020 is the closing year of the 13th Five-Year Plan. According to reports, after deducting the impact of the epidemic, the concentration of PM2.5 in substandard cities nationwide was 35 μ g/m 3, down 25.0% from 2015; The ratio of excellent days was 84.8%, which was 3.6 percentage points higher than that in 2015, and still exceeded the binding targets of the 13th Five-Year Plan.

　　The recently released national ecological environment quality profile in 2020 also shows that the average number of excellent days in 337 cities at prefecture level and above is 87.0%, up 5.0 percentage points year-on-year. The ambient air quality of 202 cities reached the standard, accounting for 59.9% of all cities at prefecture level and above, an increase of 45 over the same period of last year. The average annual concentration of PM2.5 was 33 μ g/m3, down 8.3% year-on-year; The average annual concentration of PM10 was 56 μ g/m3, down 11.1% year-on-year.

　　Among them, the average number of excellent days in "2+26" cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas was 63.5%, up 10.4 percentage points year-on-year; The average annual concentration of PM2.5 was 51 μ g/m3, down 10.5% year-on-year. The proportion of excellent days in Beijing was 75.4%, up 9.6 percentage points year-on-year; The average annual concentration of PM2.5 was 38 μ g/m3, down 9.5% year-on-year.

　　Heavy polluted weather still occurs in some areas.

　　Although the nine binding indicators required by the 13th Five-Year Plan have been overfulfilled and the air quality in 337 key cities has been improved simultaneously, heavy air pollution still appears from time to time in key areas. During the Spring Festival this year, heavy air pollution occurred in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and its surrounding areas.

　　In fact, not only this year’s Spring Festival, but also the Spring Festival in 2020.

　　Regarding the causes of heavy air pollution during the Spring Festival, the relevant person in charge of the Department of Atmospheric Environment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment pointed out that a large number of enterprises such as steel, glass, coke, refractories, petrochemicals and electric power, which can’t stop production, especially heating, have high emissions. "Compared with last year, the output of electric power generation, steel production and other products with high energy consumption and high emissions has increased by double digits this year." Liu Bingjiang said that it is a fact that the basic emissions are large.

　　At the same time, extreme weather conditions are also one of the reasons. According to Liu Bingjiang, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment made a resumption of the impact of weather conditions. "The results of the resumption show that compared with last year, the meteorological conditions this year are indeed worse than last year. Generally, where there is static stability, low pressure convergence, high humidity, and inversion of the ground, there will be heavy pollution. " Liu Bingjiang said: "Similar to last year’s Spring Festival, extreme weather conditions occurred again in Beijing and several surrounding cities during this year’s Spring Festival. What is worse this year is the humidity, which is almost saturated, especially before it snows."

　　Liu Bingjiang said that there is a bigger difference between this year’s Spring Festival and last year’s Spring Festival, that is, this year’s Spring Festival is celebrated on the spot. "There are still a lot of businesses, transportation and various restaurants this year, unlike last year’s epidemic." In response to the three days of heavy pollution in Beijing and other places during the Spring Festival, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has launched the emergency response to heavy pollution ahead of schedule, Beijing has launched a yellow warning, and the remaining 74 cities have jointly launched an orange warning. The heavy pollution in Hebei, Henan and Shandong has a good effect, but under the adverse meteorological conditions, pollutants have accumulated in Beijing and its surrounding areas, so there have been three days of heavy pollution.

　　"The cause of heavy pollution is very clear, the process can be predicted, and the countermeasures taken must be cured." In addition, "the resumption shows that the pollutants in Beijing New Year’s Eve mainly come from the south. In the afternoon of the New Year’s Eve, the air pollution was interrupted by the northerly airflow, but the pollution was aggravated at night, and the pollutants were mainly transmitted from the east." Liu Bingjiang said that Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas have laid out a large number of enterprises in the "two high" industries, with heavy regional pollution and mutual transmission and influence of pollutants.

　　Except during the Spring Festival, in 2020, heavy polluted weather will still occur in some areas and in some time periods. "In 2020, there were 1497 days of severe and above pollution, mainly in the alternating period of winter and spring, concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, Fenwei Plain, Northeast China and Northwest China." Liu Bingjiang said that in addition to straw burning, dust and other factors, it is mainly caused by heating and industrial emissions in winter (especially the uninterrupted processes such as steel, coking, glass and petrochemical).

　　An action plan for the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan will be drawn up.

　　Regarding the proposal of "basically eliminating heavily polluted weather" put forward in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, Liu Bingjiang said that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment analyzed the main areas where heavily polluted weather appeared in the country. "There is basically no heavily polluted weather south of the Yangtze River, and there are some cities between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The main frequent areas are in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, Fenwei Plain, Northeast and Northwest, and they are local." The causes of heavy pollution are different in different areas.

　　Liu Bingjiang said that in view of the causes of heavy pollution in different regions, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will scientifically formulate indicators for the decline of heavy pollution days in various regions during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. At the same time, treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and strengthen the measures to cure the problem. The 275,000 gas-related enterprises in key areas will still adhere to industry performance grading and classified policies, and will still insist that each enterprise implement differentiated emergency emission reduction measures. During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will guide the northeast and northwest regions to improve the emergency emission reduction list of heavy pollution, and all gas-related enterprises will be included in the list.

　　Regarding the target setting of the "14 th Five-Year Plan", Liu Bingjiang said that the average concentration of PM2.5 in prefecture-level cities and above will be reduced by 10%. The ratio of excellent days increased from 87% to 87.5%. Among them, this year, the national average concentration of PM2.5 decreased by 0.5 μ g/m3, reaching 34.5 μ g/m3; The ratio of excellent days increased by 0.4 percentage points to 85.2%.

　　Undoubtedly, China’s air quality will continue to improve during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　This year is the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan. The relevant person in charge of the Atmospheric Environment Department of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment said that this year, the "14th Five-Year Plan" action plan for comprehensive improvement of air quality will be compiled and implemented, in which the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution will be focused, efforts will be made to promote the coordinated emission reduction of atmospheric pollutants, and the shortcomings of VOCs and NOx pollution prevention and control will be accelerated from the aspects of source prevention and control, structural optimization and terminal treatment, and a number of air pollution reduction projects will be promoted to promote the simultaneous reduction of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations to achieve the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.

　　At the same time, it will strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of air pollution prevention and control. We will continue to regard the prevention and control of air pollution as an important part of the central ecological environmental protection inspector, pay close attention to the atmospheric environmental problems that are highly concerned by the central government, strongly reflected by the masses and have a bad social impact, and carry out special inspections as appropriate. We will explore the implementation of the work mode of "key special assistance+remote supervision and assistance", and guide relevant places to organize targeted supervision and law enforcement according to the pollution characteristics of different periods.

　　“‘ Fourteenth Five-Year Plan ’ One of the important tasks is to basically eliminate heavily polluted weather. The repeated occurrence of heavy pollution has given us a great warning. " The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment pointed out that the prevention and control of air pollution should increase the adjustment of energy structure, industrial structure and transportation structure, carry out ultra-low emission transformation for enterprises in high-emission industries and strengthen supervision. Key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas should also focus on exertion. Liu Bingjiang said that the goal of "basically eliminating heavily polluted weather" in the 14 th Five-Year Plan has a long way to go.

　　Cartography/Li Xiaojun